Meng Mu Sanqian is a Chinese idiom that tells the story of Meng Ke's mother who chose a good environment to educate her children, moved many times, and finally cultivated Meng Ke into a "Ya sheng".
The influence of Meng's godson was particularly far-reaching, and this was recorded in many ancient texts.
Now let's see how the texts say this.
Liu Xiang, a chancellor and literary scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, recorded in the Biography of the Daughters of Lie:
Zou Mengkemu, number Mengmu. Its house is near the tomb. When Mencius was young, he was a tomb affair. Meng Mu said: "This is not my virginity." "Go, by the city." Its frolicking is a matter of selling for the Jia people. Meng Mu also said, "This is not my place." "Fu migrated next to the Palace of Learning." Its frolicking is to set up a trick bean, and let go of the advance and retreat. Meng Mu said, "You can really be in a position to live in a child." "Suiju. and Mencius, who learned the Six Arts, and became the name of the Great Confucian. The gentleman said that Meng Mu was good at gradualization.
Mencius, ming ke, zi you (c. 372 BC – 289 BC), a native of the State of Zou (present-day southeast of Zoucheng, Shandong). Philosophers, thinkers, politicians, and educators of the Warring States period were representatives of the Confucian school after Confucius and before Xunzi, and were called "Confucius and Meng" together with Confucius.
Mencius's mother, known to the world as Mengmu.
When Mencius was a child, the Meng family lived in a mountain village under Ma'an Mountain, where graves were everywhere, and children in the village chased and played, and from time to time they saw funerals. Mencius also imitated the appearance of adults with his friends in groups of three or five, playing the process of funeral.
When Meng Mu saw this, she said, "This place is not suitable for children."
After some twists and turns, the mother and son of the Meng family moved from the village to Miaohuying Village, ten miles away.
Here is a "day for the market" trading market, every one, three, five, seven single day, near and far, the people, hand to shoulder to pick some of their own local products to the market trade, bargaining, noisy and lively.
This was very attractive to children, and Mencius and some other children also learned to look like a hammer.
Meng Mu was uneasy about this, Meng Mu neither wanted her son to become an obscure person, nor did she despise her son's defilement of mercenary city squire, she must re-choose an environment suitable for her son's growth.
After living for half a year, Meng Mu moved again, and for the third time, she moved her family to the vicinity of the Xuegong Palace in Zoucheng. Although the house was cramped, Meng Mu and her son settled down with peace of mind.
There are often readers in the vicinity of the xuegong, elegant charm, calm demeanor, elegant demeanor and etiquette behavior, all of which have a lot of subtle influence on the nearby residents, especially the children who have just solved the personnel affairs, often gathered under the big trees, practicing the etiquette of giving way in and out of the xuegong, there is a look, a solemn scene.
This made Meng Mu, who was watching from afar, very happy in her heart, and said with emotion: "This is the best living environment for children!" ”
Therefore, Meng Mu finally decided to settle here for a long time.
When Mencius grew up, he learned the Six Arts and gained the fame of Da Ru. The gentleman thought that this was all the result of Meng Mu's gradual indoctrination.
The word "Mengmu" first appeared in Liu Xiang's "Biography of The Daughters of Lie", and later became the special term of The Mother of Mengzi.
There are many versions of the story of "The Three Migrations of Mengmu", but the situation described is much the same, such as the Han Dynasty Zhao Qi's "Mencius Inscription", there are "Mencius was born with a lady, and was taught by the three migrations of the loving mother at a young age." "
Here, the leopard's eye is not much verbose.
There is no doubt that Meng Mu was a great mother, as early as the Western Han Dynasty Han Bao's "Han Poetry Biography", the story about Meng Mu was used to explain the meaning of the poem, the Eastern Han Female Historian Ban Zhao once wrote "Meng Mu Song", and the Western Jin Dynasty female literary scholar Zuo Fen also wrote "Meng Mu Zan" to praise Meng Mu.
But the greatness of Meng Mu is not only in the place where she moved three times and only paid attention to the educational environment.
The First Allusion quoted in the Southern Song Dynasty's enlightenment textbook "Three Character Classic" is "Xi Mengmu, choose neighbors, children do not learn, and break the machine".
Although this enlightenment reading that was popularized in the late feudal society was revised and supplemented by Ming and Qing scholars, the story of Meng Mu's three migrations and broken machine godsons has always been at the beginning of the article.
Meng Mu was able to cultivate Mencius into a "sub-saint", in addition to creating a good living environment for Mencius, it is more important to teach his son to be good.
Meng Mu , whose surname is zhǎng ( 仉ǎng ) , was a jin dynasty member during the Warring States period. According to the "Genealogy of the Mengzi Lineage", "The ancestral lineage of Yasheng is from Lu Huan Gongyun, Yunsheng Zhuang Gongtong, and has three younger brothers: Changqing's father is Mengsun Clan, Qing Father's fourth transmission Zhuangzi Speed, Speed Seven Transmission, Zi Gongyi, Ji MarryIng TongShi, Wei Gongzi (仉) Qi Daughter, on April 2 of the fourth year of the Zhou Lie King, he was born in The Second Day of the Fourth Year of the Zhou Lie King, zi zi che, and zi zi you. "Prince of Wei" means Gongzi of Wei, And there is no historical record of "Gongzi of Wei", about Gongzi Qi.
Meng Mu, after the Duke of Wei during the Warring States period, can be described as a famous lady, not the daughter of ordinary people.
Mencius's father's name was Meng Ji (孟激), a character gongyi, and he was a scholar who did not meet with talent. In order to have greater development, he shined on the lintel, left his wife and children, and went to the Song Kingdom to study and seek a career.
Three years later, what brought Meng Ke's mother and son was not glory and wealth, but bad news like a thunderbolt on a sunny day.
Mencius lost his father at the age of three, and Meng's mother took on the responsibility of raising Mencius alone.
Broken godson
Mencius had a natural spirituality and wisdom roots, but also had the habit of idleness and greed shared by ordinary young children.
After Meng's mother moved three times, Mencius began his studies.
One day, Mencius actually skipped school to play outside for half a day. When her son returned home, Meng Mu silently picked up a pair of scissors and cut a piece of brocade silk woven into two pieces.
Just when Mencius was stunned, Meng Mu said, "You waste your studies, just like I cut the weaving silk!" A gentleman learns to become famous, and when he asks, he is widely known, so he is peaceful and peaceful, and he is far from harmful. If you don't study today, you can't stay away from the calamity, and in the future you will always be able to do only some small things that haunt you, and if you don't do anything in the middle way, how can you dress your master and not lack food? ”
Meng Mu used "broken weaving" to warn of "dropping out of school", pointing out that doing things halfway and giving up, the consequences are very serious.
The scene of "cutting off the weaving inspector" left a deep impression of both shock and fear in Mencius's small soul, and from then on he diligently studied day and night, and finally became a great instrument.
Kill a dolphin without cheating
When the Meng family was still living next to the Miaohuying Village Market, Mencius saw his neighbor killing pigs and asked his mother, "What is the neighbor doing killing pigs?" Meng Mu was busy at that time, so she casually responded: "Cook meat for you to eat!" ”
Mencius was very happy and waited to eat meat.
Meng Mu was busy for a while, consciously lost her words, but she knew that she should be honest, the so-called "words must be believed, deeds must be fruitful", and she deeply knows that teaching by example is more important than words.
In order not to lose faith in her son, despite the great difficulties at home, Meng Mu still took money to buy a piece of pork at the neighbor's house in the east and let her son eat happily.
Persuading Mencius
Meng Mu's education of her son is meticulous, even after becoming a parent, even the way the husband and wife get along, Meng Mu often worries about him.
The Biography of the Daughters of Lie records that when Mencius's wife was alone at home, she sat on the ground (that is, squatting on the ground, which was a kind of sitting posture that did not conform to etiquette in ancient times), and Mencius was displeased when he saw it, and even said to Meng's mother: "I want to take a leave of absence from my wife." ”
After Meng Mu understood the situation, she said to Mengzi: "Fu Li, will start, ask who is cun, so pay tribute." Will go to church, the voice is high, so abstain from people. Will enter the house, see will be down, so I am afraid to see people passing. Now that Ru is going to Yan's private place, there is no sound in the household, so that people can be inside, and they are looked at as ru, not rude, not rude. ”
This means that you enter the door without saying hello or making a sound, not that your wife does not understand etiquette, but that you do not understand etiquette.
Mencius deeply felt that he was Menglang, so he got rid of all the mustard in his heart, and got along with his wife and le as before.
Any child, no matter how clever, is just a piece of jade, and only by carving it carefully can it achieve great things.
As a woman, Meng Mu's greatness is not only "fine five tastes, put wine syrup, raise uncles and aunts, sew clothes", but also "the way of three from four virtues".
The most important thing for her is to be able to give different levels of education according to the stages in the growth process of her son, which is a candle that burns herself and illuminates her son's future.
It is said that when King Wen of Zhou's mother was pregnant, she did not look at evil colors, did not listen to obscene sounds, and could not utter evil words; during the pregnancy of King Zhou Cheng's mother, she stood without limping, sat but did not make a mistake, lived alone and did not scold, although she was angry and did not scold.
This is the earliest origin of the theory of "prenatal education", Meng Mu deeply realized the importance of "prenatal education", "Han Shi Wai Biography" contains a passage of her, saying:
"I am pregnant with a child, the mat is not right, the seat is not right, the cut is not right, the food is not eaten, and the prenatal education is also."
From this one thing alone, it is enough to see the extraordinary features of Meng Mu, with such a great mother, it is difficult for Mengzi not to become a great Confucian.
During the Ming Dynasty, Zhong Huamin, the Imperial Envoy of Shandong, praised the "Sacrifice of Mengmu Wen":
"The saint of the son is the saint of the mother", "the god of life is the god of the son, the ambition is to be purple." Lady godson, aiming at Confucius. Ancient and modern, only one person. "
As the story of Meng Mu was widely circulated, the feudal rulers also tried their best to shape her into an idol that met their needs, and the feudal emperor repeatedly crowned her until the second year of Qianlong (1737) crowned Meng Mu as "Lady Xuanxian of the Duan Fan of the State of Yi".
Leopard Eye believes that Meng Mu's three moves show that the environment is very critical to the growth of children, but after choosing a good educational environment, everything will be fine. In addition to paying attention to observation and supervision in the children's line and movement, parents also need to lead by example.
This is not to say that how capable parents can educate excellent children, at least parents should be positive in personality.
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