Outside the long pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green.
The evening wind blows the willow flute, and the sunset is outside the mountain.
The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, the knowledge of the half-scattered.
A scoop of turbid wine is all over the place, don't dream cold tonight.
Ask jun when to go back, and when he comes, don't linger.
Life is rare to be together, only to be separated.
"Farewell" is the original work of Li Shutong's farewell to his close friend Xu Xianyuan, expressing Li Shutong's feelings for the separation of friends in Shanghai's "Five Friends of Heaven" and "Friendship of Jinlan". It is not difficult to find that from the scenery to time and space, and then back to reality, it is full of helplessness about life. Its aesthetic effect reverberates endlessly in the wordlessness of "drinking and dreaming cold". Li Shutong's works are full of philosophers' wisdom, worry and compassion, and are full of reflections on life.
First, the first half of life read all the dust
Li Shutong (1880-1942), also known as Li Shishuang, Li An, Li Liang, the name of the spectrum, wentao, the young name Chengqi, the scientific name of Guanghou, the word Shishuang, alias gargle. Famous musician, art educator, calligrapher, theater activist, one of the pioneers of Chinese drama. After returning from studying in Japan, he served as a teacher and editor, and later became a monk, with the legal name Yanyin, the trumpet Hongyi, the late trumpet Evening Qing old man, and later revered as Master Hongyi.
Huang Yongyu made a statue of Master Hongyi
Li Shutong's poetry also occupies a place in the history of modern Chinese literature. When he was young, he attracted the attention of the literary world with his talent. When he was a guest in Shanghai, he collected the poems he had composed in the past as the "First Collection of Poetry Bell Compilation", which was circulated among the members of the "Seongnam Literary Society", and later collected "Li Lu Poetry Bell". On the eve of his ordination, he wrote more than 20 poems from the 26th to the 33rd year of qing guangxu (1900-1907). Among them, there are many commendable masterpieces such as "Leaving the Motherland and Presenting the Sons of Classmates" and "Mourning the Death of the Heart of the People", which show the author's deep concern for the fate of the country and the suffering of the people's livelihood. In the five or six years before his ordination, he also had more than 30 lyrics published. These works, through artistic techniques, express people's thoughts and emotions that occur in most cities in the same situation, were once popular, and some have become enduring works.
Master Koichi also has a strong interest in conjunctions and has a high level of appreciation and creativity. Especially after his ordination, the master wrote many inline couplets for monasteries and monasteries around the world, which showed his whimsical ideas and profound artistic skills. In the process of propagating the Dharma to guide sentient beings to Buddhahood, he used the form of the conjunction as a clever means of persuading people to be good. The profound and philosophical famous links he wrote have now become a valuable cultural and artistic wealth to warn future generations.
He is the forerunner of China's new cultural movement, an outstanding artist, educator, thinker, and innovator, an excellent representative of the combination of traditional Chinese culture and Buddhist culture, the most outstanding monk in the history of modern and contemporary Buddhism in China, and a well-known person with a high international reputation. Li Shutong is a master of "Twenty Articles Shocking the Sea", a collection of poetry, words, books, paintings, seal engraving, music, drama, literature in one, in many fields, pioneering China's splendid culture and art. At the same time, he has made creative developments in education, philosophy, law, Chinese characters, sociology, advertising, publishing, environmental and animal and plant protection, and human fasting experiments.
He pushed the ancient Chinese art of calligraphy to the extreme. As a high monk calligrapher, There are differences between Koichi and some of the monks and artists in history, such as ChiYong and Huaisu, although they are wearing robes, it seems that their lives have not been aimed at firm Buddhist beliefs and earnest Buddhist practice, they are just artists who live in zen temples, "crazy to light the world, drunk to get true knowledge", which is completely the artist's temperament and romance.
On October 23, 1880, Li Shutong was born in Li Zhao, the former former residence of Dizang in Hebei District, Tianjin. Zu Lirui, originally from Pinghu, Zhejiang (another said to be a Tianjin native), was born in Tianjin and ran the salt and silver money industry. His father, Li Shizhen (李世珍), was a fourth-year jinshi of the Qing Dynasty, who was the head of the official department, and later resigned from the government to inherit his father's business and became a huge wealth in Jinmen. Ranked third, the young name chengqi, the scientific name Wentao, the word Shutong.
Uncle Li was infected with Buddhism at an early age. It is said that on the day of his birth, a magpie mouthed pine branches were sent to the delivery room, and everyone thought that this was a blessing from the Buddha. Later, Li Shutong carried this pine branch with him for the rest of his life. His parents were both deeply Buddhist, and his eldest sister(Li Shizhen's great aunt), Guo Shi, was also a devout Buddhist, and Shu Tong learned to recite the Great Compassion Mantra and the Past Life Mantra with her. His eldest sister-in-law believed in Buddhism and taught him to recite Buddhist scriptures. When Shu Tong was a child, he often learned the monk's practice with his third brother at home, "both of them used a quilt or a bedspread as a robe, and chanted the Buddha in the house or on the kang."
When Li Shutong was six or seven years old, he began to study with his elder brother Wenxi, who was 12 years older than himself, and learned daily etiquette. Wen Xi supervised him very strictly, and his daily homework should not be sloppy, and he should not deviate from etiquette in dealing with advances and retreats. The fact that he had received such a rigorous education at such a young age would undoubtedly suppress his nature, but it would be of great benefit to him in developing serious habits. His future achievements are largely due to such good habits.
In 1884, his father died of illness at the age of 72, and the situation of Shu Tong and his mother in the Li family was even more embarrassing. Growing up in such an environment, Li Shutong inevitably had some inferiority tendencies when he was a child, and his taciturn personality was thus formed.
Second, in the second half of his life, he escaped into the Buddha's Gate
In 1895, at the age of 16, Li Shutong was admitted to furen academy next to Wenchang Palace in the northwest of the city and studied zhiyi (eight strands of literature). Like the other two colleges in Tianjin at that time (Sanzhi Academy and Qingjin Academy), Furen Academy was no longer much different from official studies, and was mainly based on examinations and no longer lectured. Examination classes are held twice a month (the second and sixteenth days of the first year), once for the official class and one for the teacher, respectively, the official and the master teachers will issue questions, read the papers, evaluate the grades, and issue rewards and silver coins to supervise the study. Before Entering the Academy, Li Shutong had already read the scriptures and epic texts, had a foundation in learning, and was intelligent since childhood, and every time he took the exam to write an essay, he only felt that there were endless thoughts that needed to be written. According to the format, the article is written word by word in the grid, and the paper sent down by the teacher has a certain limit. Shu Tong felt that every time he was still unfinished, the paper was short and long, so he changed the book and handed over the two words in one block, winning the reputation of "Li Shuangxing". His articles are often at the top of the list, winning silver prizes.
In the first month of 1906, he edited the Music Magazine in Tokyo. On July 1st, the first person in Tokyo under the name of "Lee Wai" participated in the first time in the Japanese baume organization "Sui Ou Yin Society" elegant collection. On September 29, 1906, he registered under the name of "Li An" and was admitted to the Oil Painting Department of the Tokyo Fine Arts School. Together with classmates Zeng Yannian (Xiao Gu) and other organizations "Chunliu Society", this is the first drama group in China, performing dramas such as "La Traviata Girl", "Black Slave Wu Tianlu", "New Butterfly Dream", etc., Li Shutong is one of the founders of the Chinese drama movement. Studied the acting skills of the new drama from Kawakami Oguro and Tsuneyoshi Mosawa, and the stage name was "Shi Feng". I returned to Tianjin in the same year, and I remembered the word "Drinking Fire Order" and sighed.
At the age of 37, because of the Japanese magazine 'fasting' method of cultivating the body and mind, he was born with the idea of fasting in the mountains. In winter, he entered the Hangzhou Tiger Running Dinghui Temple, experimented with fasting for 17 days, and had a detailed record of the "Fasting Log". Before entering the mountain, the lyrics said: "A flower and a leaf, a lonely fragrance is clean." Undiscovered waves, achieve wisdom. "After returning to school, I started eating vegetarian food. At that time, he was influenced by Ma Yifu and "gradually became enlightened" in Buddhism.
In his later years, Li Shutong
In the early days of Master Hongyi's entry into Buddhism, in addition to reading the classics that monks must read, his further training was extensive and widely accepted. Besides, he used to be a person who was serious and thorough about anything unless he didn't do it. To be a monk, in terms of Buddhist thought, naturally you have to make your own characteristics. In this regard, Lin Ziqing summed up: "Master Hongyi's Buddhist ideological system is based on Huayan as a mirror, the four-point law as the action, and the return to the Pure Land as the result. That is to say, he studied Huayan, practiced and promoted the Vinaya, and worshipped the Pure Land Dharma. He had a profound study of the Huayan Sutra translated by the Jin and Tang dynasties. He once authored "Three Hundred Huayan Collections", which can be glimpsed in one of his intentions. "Master Hongyi strictly observed the precepts of the Vinaya all his life, and was compassionate to the people, and always shook it before sitting on the rattan chair every time before his death, so as not to crush the insects hiding in it, and when he was dying, he asked his disciples to put four bowls of water on the niche pads, so as not to accidentally burn the ants on the corpse, which showed his kindness.
Third, the intersection of sorrow and joy of the great
In the history of China's cultural development in the past hundred years, Hongyi master Li Shutong is recognized as a generalist and wizard in the academic community, as a pioneer of China's new cultural movement, he was the first to introduce Western oil painting, piano, drama, etc. into China, and is famous for being good at calligraphy, gong poetry, Tong Danqing, Da Yin Rhythm, Jing JinShi, and good performing arts.
Master Hongyi, who is well-known in both chinese monks and laymen, has been involved in the field of modern literature and art, and poetry and song are all famous, such as poetry and song, golden stone seal engraving and calligraphy, and Danqing literature and drama. After taking refuge in Buddhism, he washed his lead and practiced asceticism, becoming a generation of Buddhist masters admired by the world. He was revered by Buddhist disciples as the eleventh patriarch of the Vinaya. His legendary life has contributed thirteen firsts in the fields of modern culture, art, education and religion in our country, and he can be called an outstanding literary and artistic pioneer, and his patriotic ambitions and righteous deeds have run through his life.
In education, he taught Students such as Feng Zikai, Pan Tianshou, wu Mengfei, etc., who later became everyone in other fields;
Musically, he was the first to introduce Western music theory and compose music by staves;
In painting, he was the first to introduce Western art and was the one who led a new journey of chinese art;
In seal engraving and drama, he was also the earliest leader;
In calligraphy, his writing is ingenious and unique, which is the work that the literati of the time wanted.
In 1942, Li Shutong passed away, and before leaving this world, he wrote the four words "intersection of sorrow and joy". As for what it means, we don't have to delve too deeply. In this life, he lived wantonly and lived himself. The departure of this "first ruthless man of the Republic of China" is the biggest loss in the Chinese academic circles.
Sorrow and joy intersect
One life and one death are the two major thresholds of life, but Master Hongyi calmly and thoughtfully arranges every detail of the aftermath. He repeatedly explained to his disciples: "After I went, you remember that when the body was loaded in the niche, a bowl was placed on each of the four feet of the niche, and the bowl was filled with water, so that the ants and insects would not climb on the body and be innocently burned to death during cremation." He also left a letter to several friends in the past, the content of the letter is similar, only the head is different, but the content is the same language.
A gentleman's friend, its light as water. Clinging to the elephant and seeking, thousands of miles away. Asked Yu Heshi, but forgot to speak. The branches are full of spring, and the moon is full in tianxin.
Half a life and half a monk, probably before he died, he had something in mind.
Like spring full of flowers, the moon is empty.
Sorrow and joy intersect.
bibliography:
Baidu Encyclopedia: Li Shutong.
[2] History of The Steak. Li Shutong: Half a life prosperous and half a monk, a thought to put down, all calm.
[3] I love history. The first half of his life was Li Shutong, and the second half of his life was Master Hongyi.