Duoduo's expedition to Outer Mongolia, the little-known war of the early Qing Dynasty

In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), at this time the north was basically occupied by the Qing army, Duo Duo led the army south, just captured Nanjing, the Southern Ming army was vulnerable, the Qing army reached 400,000 people, and the Qing army reorganized 238,000 Arima infantry.

In this situation, Dorgon, who was overwhelmed by the victory, planned to carry out the shaving of the hair of the whole people. On May 26 of that year, when Prince Bada Lili of the Mongol Horqin Tribe came to Beijing, Dorgon said to him in a serious tone:

"The great cause of the world has been decided, and when Li Shu is recuperating, he is afraid of the Mongols' provocations, and if he is slow, he will secretly play the will, and if he is in a hurry, he will do it cheaply, and I will be ashamed."

This means that I am now stabilizing the Central Plains, afraid that the Khalkha Mongols and the Chahar and Tumut tribes that have surrendered before will stab me in the back. You go to monitor them, things are not too urgent, you write a secret song to me, wait for me to arrange; things are urgent, you can act arbitrarily, you should fight, you should talk, I will give you a ride.

The reason why Dorgon trusted the Korqin Ministry so much is that many people know the reason. Shunzhi's mother, the Empress Dowager Taiji, the two concubines, Dorgon's wife, and Dordor's wife are all from the Horqin Department, the mother-in-law's mother-in-law's family, and what else can not be believed.

This also shows from the side that Dorgon is very jealous of this alliance formed by the northern steppes. He was afraid that the surrendered Mongol tribes would go north to find an organization, and he was even more afraid of the Mongols in a group of people going south to stab him in the ass.

In addition to having the Korqin ministry watch, Dorgon also took the initiative to make overtures to the Khalkha Mongols. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing court wrote to the Khalkha Mongol Chechen Khan, stating:

"We have always been one nation, and now we are resting and recuperating for all sentient beings, and we need to be harmonious and consistent in the form of government."

However, the Chechen Khan was not stupid, because he went to Beijing every year to pay tribute, so Khalkha had first-hand information about the situation in the Central Plains. Since the second half of the second year of Shunzhi, Dorgon has implemented a shaving order in Jiangnan, and the great chaos in Jiangnan, Jiangxi, Hunan, southern Zhejiang, and uprisings have occurred, which has allowed Chechen Khan to see an opportunity, an opportunity to touch the tiger's ass. But let him lead the troops to fight head-on, he did not dare, so Chechen Khan played a trick yin.

In April of the third year of Shunzhi, at the instigation of the Chechen Khan, the Sunit Department of Inner Mongolia, which had already been annexed to the Qing Dynasty, announced that it had broken away from the Qing Empire and returned to Khalkha Mongolia. Its tribal leader Tengteng Jisi led Tengjite, Wu Bandai, Doljis kabu, Ermik, Shida and other subordinates north into the Chechen Khan pastoral area.

Tengjisi, the leader of the Mongol Sunit clan, the Borzigit clan, a descendant of the Golden Family, and the leaders of the Khalkha Mongol clan, were all descendants of Dayan Khan. Lin Dan Khan belonged to the Chahar clan at the time, and later migrated to the north of the desert and became dependent on the Khalkha Mongols. In the second year of Chongde (1637), seeing the growing power of Houjin, he took the initiative to call him Chennagong, and the Emperor Taiji treated him kindly. Chongde led the crowd from Khalkha for four years. Chongde was enfeoffed as the king of Zasak Doro County in the sixth year, and emperor Taiji of Chongde in the seventh year ordered him to take charge of the left wing of Sunit.

After Dorgon came to power, Tengjisi was at odds with him, secretly communicating with the Khalkha Mongol Chechen Khan until the third year of Shunzhi's open rebellion.

In fact, now it seems that this is just a big fart thing. At that time, there were dozens of tribes in Inner Mongolia, and this incident was just a leader fleeing with thousands of people, how much could it lose?

However, if you combine the internal and external situation of the Qing Empire at that time, you will find that this is really the beginning of a huge conspiracy.

Within the Qing Empire in the three years of Shunzhi, Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo began to run Yungui, the Yongli Emperor ascended the throne in Liangguang, Zheng Chenggong swore an oath to resist the Qing on the southeast coast, He Tengjiao joined forces with the former Dashun army in Hunan, and there were no less than a hundred civil uprisings caused by land enclosure, shaving, and charging in various parts of the north, and the Qing Empire's army put out fires everywhere, and the situation was like a danger of being full of eggs.

Tengjisi instigated the rebellion of the Qing Mongol tribes at this time, which could easily trigger a chain effect. Once this matter is ignored, these tribal leaders who are also out of the Golden Family will form a group, and there will be accidents in the north and south, and the Qing Dynasty may not even be able to keep the outside of the Guan.

Dorgon was a man of understanding, and he saw through this keenly, so he had to take care of it, and he had to take care of it.

At this time, the Qing court was in internal and external difficulties, and Dorgon could not personally march, so he found a person who was most trusted and able to fight on his behalf, and this person was his own brother, Duoduo, the Prince of Yu.

On May 26, the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Dolgun ordered the southern Mongolian tribes to assemble on the banks of the Krullen River, ordered Duoduo to be the general of Yangwei, led the Eight Banners Army from Beijing, and exercised full control over the Eight Banners and Mongol armies of the Northern Expedition, and consulted Tengjisi, and Dolgun personally led the princes and ministers out of the Anding Gate to send them off.

The army that Duo Duo brought out this time was the army he marched south when he set out from Beijing in the second year of Shunzhi, with a total of 20,000 cavalry and red-clad cannons. This was the main field force of the Eight Banners Army, with the other corps in Azig's hands. As for the combat effectiveness of this force, I have already said in the previous section, and I will not repeat it here.

It is also important to note that the Krulun River, where Dorgon ordered the Mongol tribes to gather their armies, was in the eastern part of present-day Mongolia, and the closest Khalkha Mongol tribe to this place was the Chechen Khan's department. It can be seen from this that Dorgon did not intend to make a small fuss from the beginning, he planned to clean up with the Chechen Khan.

Dodo's army marched north, and the first target was the rebel Tengjisi. The large army arrived at Ying'alcak Mountain, heard that Tengjisi was in Gonggalutai, and Duoduo ordered the whole army to march rapidly for three days and nights, and suddenly appeared in Tengjisi's camp, Tengjisi was defeated, and the Qing army beheaded Jimaohai.

Then Tengjisi continued to run, and the Qing army continued to chase and start a grassland horse race. After chasing them to Mount Burhatu and fighting another battle, the Qing army killed two sons of Tengjite and three grandsons of Tengjisi, and captured his heavy grain and grass.

Tengjisi was defeated and sent people to the Khalkha Mongol departments for help. Tushetu Khan sent 20,000 people, and Chechen Khan sent 30,000 people to rescue Tengjisi. It can be seen from this that at that time, the Khalkha was still quite united, and these 50,000 people were basically the entire household belongings of these two major departments.

Today's Mongolia is only more than two million people, and the Chechen Khan and Tushetu Khan's territory at that time is also half the size of Mongolia today, considering the living conditions at that time, the total population of its two major units can have 300,000-400,000 is not bad, and fifty thousand cavalry are sent at once, probably the men who can get on the horse are coming.

Upon hearing this, Dodo was determined to break through each of his two armies before they met.

On July 13 of the third year of Shunzhi, the Dodo army defeated Tushetu Khan, and on July 14, the Dodo army defeated Chechen Khan. It's not that I don't want to talk about the process, but that almost all historical materials are such simple sentences. If you think about it, the Khalkha Mongol army was a cold-weapon light cavalry using bows and arrows, while the Eight Banners Field Army of Dodo was fully mobile on horseback, with heavy infantry, heavy cavalry, firearms and heavy artillery. Needless to say, the two teams faced each other, heavy artillery bombarded their horse formations, horses frightened their formations, and then heavy cavalry rushed from the flanks, and the other side could end the game, it was as simple as that.

Dodo had intended to occupy the entire Khalkha Mongol left flank with a single blow. However, due to the tight domestic war, Dorgon urgently called a halt.

In this northern expedition, the results of the Dodo Legion are as follows:

Thousands of people were beheaded, more than 1,000 people were captured, and 1,900 camels, 21,100 horses, 16,900 cattle, and 135,300 sheep were obtained.

If you don't know the cause and effect, you think he went to fight the grass valley...

This was an event that seemed inconspicuous at the time, but had a profound impact on the entire northern steppe.

From the perspective of the Khalkha Mongols, they originally came from the great backing of the Weyrat-Mongol Alliance, and felt that they could yin qing the Qing Dynasty, but they did not expect to let the family go to the door and beat them violently, losing more than 20,000 horses and more than 100,000 livestock, and losing almost a cavalry regiment. This made them realize whether the tiger's ass was untouchable or better to be honest. Therefore, after the war, Tushetu Khan and Chechen Khan still honestly sent people to pay tribute.

But Dorgon was an unreasonable man, he was very faceless, he felt that it was not enough for his own domestic slaves to run to other people's homes, to lead people into other people's homes, to beat up the house slaves and their masters on the ground, to steal a lot of things, and then to apologize to others, far from enough, what did he ask for?

"Order the leader of the rebel forces, Tengji En, to sacrifice, or (the Khalkha Mongols) to take his trusted ministers to Beijing as hostages, and (otherwise) the imperial court will leave the remnants to suppress the rebels."

When the Chechen Khans and Tushetu Khans saw Dolgun's tone, they were a little frightened, so they asked Zasaktu Khan, who was also part of the Khalkha Mongols but did not participate in the war, to intercede with Dolgun.

Zasaktu Khan sent envoys to explain: "Tengjisi rebelled, ran to our side, you chased after our territory, we did send people, but not to fight with you, but to talk to you about peace, ask you why you came here, I didn't expect that before we could speak, you came up and beat up, and when you were finished beating, we didn't even have a chance to explain." ”

In response to the above defense, Dorgon replied:

"The book is not named, and I am commensurate."

This means that Lao Tzu is the regent, you are a vassal of the country, how dare you in the document "you", "I", ah, why, you want to go to the house to reveal the tiles?

"Su Zhi has nothing to do with Er, and Er wants to come and divide the rules?" Ergo can negotiate?"

This means that this matter has nothing to do with you, what do you want to mix, how many pounds and a few pounds you have, is this something you are qualified to discuss?

This is very unreasonable, the average person is annoyed when they get here, talk to you well, what are you in a hurry?

Then, on the sixth day after Dorgon had replied to Zasaktu Khan, on the ninth day of May of the fourth year of Shunzhi, zasaktu Khan's Omubu Erjieni, Nomon Khan's Tenzin Hutuktu, Tushetu Khan's Zebzundan Batuktu and other members paid tribute to the fang...

No way, the fist is no one's big, can't bear to do it?

Later, the two sides continued to argue about this matter, Dorgon kept scolding, and the Khalkha Mongol side continued to pay tribute and explain. In the sixth year of Shunzhi, Dorgon still planned to personally conquer Khalkha, but because of the rebellion of Datong Jiang Ou, he withdrew his troops.