●Nanguo resident
There is a poem that gives people infinite reverie, infinite beauty, since the "Book of Poetry" for more than a thousand years, no one has written a round of Jiang Yue so poignant and sentimental. This is the "Spring River Flower Moon Night" that Mr. Wen Yiduo praised as "the poem in the poem, the peak on the peak" ("The Self-Redemption of the Palace Body Poem"), which has been captivated by countless readers for more than a thousand years. Zhang Ruoxuan left only two poems in his life, but because of this poem, he was "isolated and desperate, and it was for everyone".
Now let's enjoy this famous poem for eternity!
Spring River Flower Moon Night
[Tang] Zhang Ruoxu
The tide of the Spring River is connected to the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea is born together.
With the waves of thousands of miles, where the spring river has no moon!
The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlit flowers are like thunderbolts.
The frost in the air did not feel flying, and the white sand on the ting could not be seen.
Jiang Tian was free of fibrous dust, and the lonely moon wheel was in the sky.
Who first saw the moon on the riverbank? When did Jiang Yue shine at the beginning of the year?
Life is infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar every year.
I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River sending water.
The white clouds went to a leisurely place, and qingfeng pu was overwhelmed with sorrow.
Who's flat boat tonight? Where is Acacia Mingyue Building?
Poor upstairs moon wandering, should be illuminated away from the people makeup mirror table.
The jade curtain could not be rolled up, and the anvil was whisked back.
At this time, they do not hear each other, and they are willing to shine month by month.
The long flying of the wild geese is not enough, and the ichthyosaurs dive into the water.
Last night's idle pond dream fell flowers, poor spring half did not return home.
The river flows in the spring, and the river pool falls and the moon slopes to the west.
The oblique moon sinks into the sea fog, and the jieshi Xiaoxiang infinite road.
I don't know how many people returned by the moon, and the falling moon shook the river tree.
This poem is from the "Quan Tang Poems", which belongs to the seven ancient poems, following the old theme of Chen Sui Lefu, the whole poem integrates poetry, painting meaning, philosophy as one, the artistic conception is empty, the imagination is peculiar, the language is natural and timeless, the rhythm is melodious, and the thick greasy powder of the Palace of the Six Dynasties is washed away, which has high aesthetic value.
The whole poem consists of thirty-six sentences, one rhyme for every four sentences, divided into nine groups, one group for every four sentences, one group of three rhymes, and the other group must be switched to another rhyme, like nine sentences. Pingsheng Eight Geng Rhyme begins, and in the middle is the Seventeen Hammer Rhymes, Pingsheng Eleven True Rhymes, 仄声 Four Paper Rhymes, Pingsheng Eleven You Rhymes, Ten Grey Rhymes, Twelve Literary Rhymes, Six Ma Rhymes, and finally ends with the Seven Encounter Rhymes of the Servant Sound, interspersed, and the sound adjustment is uniform and not rigid.
In the early Tang Dynasty, it was the period when Lefu poetry and Qiyan ancient poems were intertwined, and Gelug poetry had sprouted, and we could already see the shadow of these three from it, otherwise let the author analyze its ping, to show that the author also began to consciously or unconsciously apply the rules of Vinaya poetry.
This poem is flat:
Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
Ping Ping Zhong, Ping Ping Ping, Ping
Hirashiro-hei-hei, Hira-hei-naka hints.
Ping Ping Ping Ping
Ping Ping Ping Ping Flat and flat?
Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping, Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
仄平平仄仄平平, 仄仄平平仄仄。
Ping Ping, Ping Ping, Ping Ping, Ping Ping.
Mediocre? Flat and flat?
Ping Ping Ping Ping
仄仄平仄仄仄,仄平平仄仄平平。
仄平平中仄平平, 仄仄仄平平仄平仄平。
Ping Ping Zhong Ping Ping, Ping Ping Zhong Ping Ping Ping.
仄仄平平仄仄平, 仄平平仄仄平平。
Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
Ping Ping Ping
Through the above annotations, we can see that every sentence of the whole poem is flat and uneven, and almost all of them can be found in the basic format of the four sentences of the seven absolutes, and there is no place where there are four consecutive flat or four consecutive sentences, which shows that "Spring River Flower Moon Night" has more successfully used the new poetic grid that has been brewed and completed in the hundred years from Qi Liang to the early Tang Dynasty, and also explored for the first time the technique of combining group rhymes with long pieces in the seven-word poem, and the combination of the three is so perfect that it provides a good model for future generations. And the author was surprised to find that the sixth and seventh rhyme groups were actually two seven-word sentences!
The sixth group of flat opening sentence rhymes in seven extremely strong formats, and rhymes with "ten grays":
The seventh group of flat opening sentence rhymes in seven extremely strong formats, and rhymes with "twelve texts":
This should not be a coincidence, because at this time, gelug poetry has begun to take shape, and Zhang Ruoxuan should have made an attempt to insert gelug poetry in this poem, or a combination of nine ancient poems, which also gave an excellent example of the later poet Changgu's writing. With regard to the word "volume" in the sixth song, I will explain it briefly here. Whether the "three tails" are in accordance with the law is still being debated, and there is still no conclusive conclusion. But when we read Tang poems, the Tang people did not absolutely avoid the "three tails", even in the Qing Dynasty, although the requirements for the grammar of the poems were strict, they also believed that "Pingping 仄仄仄" only belonged to the awkward sentences, which could be saved or not saved. In the early Tang Dynasty, there were more awkward sentences, and it was slowly reduced after the Middle Tang Dynasty. Therefore, this article also summarizes the sixth song to the absolute sentence.
In addition, with regard to the word "volume" in the sixth group, I will explain it here. Whether the "three tails" is in accordance with the law is still being debated, and there is still no conclusive conclusion. However, when we read Tang poems, the Tang people did not absolutely avoid the "three servants", even in the Qing Dynasty, although the requirements for the rhythm of the poems were strict, they thought that "Pingping 仄仄仄仄" was just a bad sentence. Therefore, this article also summarizes the sixth song to the absolute sentence.
There are also many vernacular translations of this poem, although they are all with their own vision and understanding, but the meaning of the expression is generally the same, in order to save space, I will not repeat the translation.
Here is a brief introduction to Zhang Ruoxuan. Zhang Ruoxu (c. 660 – c. 720) was a Poet of the Tang Dynasty. A native of Yangzhou (present-day Jiangsu). He served as a soldier in Yanzhou. The year of birth and death and the size of the font are unknown. The deeds are briefly found in the Old Book of Tang and the Biography of He Zhizhang. Together with He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong, he was called "The Fourth Soldier of Wuzhong".
Zhang Ruoxuan has only two poems handed down, one is "Dai AnswerIng Girlfriend Dream", and the other is "Spring River Flower Moon Night". In fact, there are many poets who have only one poem handed down. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Jin Changxu, only one "Spring Grudge" has been handed down. "Pick up the yellow warbler, Mo Jiaozhi cries." When crying, the concubine dreams, and does not get Liaoxi. "In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin Sheng, only "Title Lin'an Di" and "Sauvignon Blanc" were handed down. The Qing Dynasty poet Yuan Ming made more than 4,000 poems, but only one poem was left, "Manjiang Hong". Although The Tang Dynasty Zhang Ji had the "Collected Poems of Zhang Cibu", only one famous poem was "Fengqiao Night Berth".
Although "Spring River Flower Moon Night" can be called a unique song for eternity, but later some people named it "a single piece pressed the whole Tang", the author is somewhat skeptical. This matter was actually a little confused when I was young, when I read "Spring River Flower Moon Night", I felt that the language and artistic conception were so beautiful, but I accidentally found that there were many heavy words, and I had never seen so many heavy words of poetry, although I was muttering in my heart, I couldn't say why. However, since this is an appreciation, I have to be strict again, so I seriously made a statistic, and the result was really startling.
The whole poem actually has 40 single heavy words, namely: "The sea tide spring river moon mingli flow is not empty How to see the first photo of life year like water white in a phase building to go long flying night flower pitiful home pond fall oblique knowledge." In addition to the 12 overlapping words, the whole poem has a total of 252 words, and there are 137 heavy words, more than half of the whole poem, which will inevitably cause a sense of procrastination, of which "Jiang" has 12, and "Month" has 14 more, and the others have more heavy words. Some people may say that this poem uses a lot of comparisons, duality and flowing water pairs in sentence forms, and several thematic words spring, river, flower, moon, night, and people overlap and overlap, stretching and changing, so there are so many heavy words. But if the 14 "months" are meant to highlight the theme, the other 39 repetitive words are hard to justify. It is normal for long poems to have heavy words, but if there are too many, it goes against the characteristics of the refinement of the poetic language, in fact, this poem is indeed slightly procrastinating in people's feelings, at least in the author's opinion, so that if it is not particularly beautiful, it is just a rough look. Some people may say that Cao Xueqin's "Funeral Flower Yin" weighs 13 flowers, "Autumn Window Wind and Rain" weighs 15 autumns, and "Peach Blossom Line" has peach blossoms in many places. Of course, Cao Xueqin's "Dream of the Red Chamber" is one of the four famous works, but his poems have not been titled "Pressed Quanqing", and compared with "Spring River Flowers and Moon Nights", the proportion of other non-key heavy words is still extremely low.
Originally, it was normal to look for problems in poetry appreciation, but everyone said that good things, like "the emperor's new clothes" were not worn on themselves, no one was willing to take on this examination, but would be reprimanded as "shallow" and "ignorant". But I can't go against my conscience, I have to speak out about my feelings. Although Bai Juyi's view that "articles are written for the times, and songs and poems are written for things" is also a bit absolute, in addition to piling up words, so many sentences that rhyme in this poem express mostly empty and meaningless things. This is actually the weakness and weakness of the palace poetry, that is, the pursuit of gorgeous words, naturally it is difficult to have the atmosphere of "the sea is born of the bright moon, and the end of the world is at this time".
This alone shows that the argument that "Chunjiang Flower Moon Night" is difficult to establish "a single piece presses the whole Tang" is of course insufficient, and this is only part of the content of the question. Next, we may wish to change our way of thinking, if "Spring River Flower Moon Night" can "suppress the whole Tang in a single piece", then ask, Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi, etc., which long ancient can not "suppress the whole Tang in a single piece"? For example, "Near Wine", "Sleepwalking Heavenly Grandmother Yin Farewell", "Asking Wine to the Moon", "Li Ren Xing", "Soldier Carriage Line", "Pipa Line", "Long Hate Song", etc. Which of the countless Tang poems can not suppress "Spring River Flower Moon Night"? Originally, Wen Wu was the first, Wu Wu was the second, not to mention the Huanghuang Tang Dynasty, the dynasty of poetry, "Spring River Flower Moon Night" can only be regarded as one of the famous poems. In fact, what Wen Yiduo said in "The Self-Redemption of Palace Body Poetry" should mean that "Spring River Flower Moon Night" is the best palace body poem. To put it bluntly, the palace poetry is also the worst type in the poem, which is characterized by describing court life, pursuing flowery rhetoric, floating and light.
Although Mr. Wen Yiduo gave this poem a very high evaluation: "In the face of this kind of poetry, all admiration is rap, almost blasphemous. But what he was good at was modern poetry after all, his study of ancient literature was mainly from the Tang Dynasty to this direction, perhaps the young Wen Yiduo at that time did not care about the study of many poetry styles of the Tang Dynasty and later dynasties, although he made great contributions to the creation of new poetry of the Gelug style, but there was little involvement in the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty and its later dynasties, if his life could be doubled, perhaps he would issue the same feelings to other poetry styles, but unfortunately he was assassinated by agents in middle age. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Minyun only said that "the lonely article is absolute, but it is for everyone", and the theory that "the lonely article suppresses the whole Tang" has no actual source and is not established. It is estimated that someone in modern times mixed Wen Yiduo and Wang Minyun's comments to create and invent the so-called "single piece pressed the whole Tang".
But in any case, "Spring River Flower Moon Night" is not only rich in the color and tone of southern folk songs, but also uses the beautiful brush of life to depict a beautiful and mysterious picture of the Spring River Moon and Night, through the reflection and perception of life, time, and the world, beyond the emotional expression of individual sense of sorrow and hatred, and opens a window to another broad world for us in the meaning, thought and art of poetry.
About the Author:
Nan Guo Jushi, real name Guo Jun, born in 67 years, worked in Wudu, Longnan City, and was born in Huixian County, Gansu. Nearly a thousand literary works have been published in various newspapers, periodicals, books and online platforms. He is the author of "Nan Guo Ciwen" and won the poetry nomination award of the third "China Financial Literature Award". He co-edited and edited poems such as "The Essence of Snow Algae Orchid Poems", "Twelve Houses of Qing Rhyme", and "Appreciation of The Essence of Linping Poems". He was awarded the "First International Poetry and Wine Culture Conference" Modern Poetry Finalist Award. His works were included in the 4th China Hundred Poems and Hundred Leagues Competition. He was awarded the title of "Outstanding Poet of the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of New China" and "Poet of the New Era" by the Organizing Committee of the National Poetry Artist Shenzhou Tour.
He is a member of the Chinese Poetry Society, the Chinese Poetry Society, the China Financial Writers Association, the Gansu Writers Association, the Poetry Journal, the Deputy Secretary-General of the Longnan Poetry Society, the Executive Director of the Chinese Cultural Tourism Poetry Society, the Consultant of Chengzhou Literature, and the Final Editor-in-Chief of the Poetry of Xuezao Lanxi. Former editor-in-chief of the Fine Culture Forum, former deputy editor-in-chief of the Poetry Creation and Research Center of China Poetry Newspaper.
(Warm reminder: This article only represents the author's personal views, those who want to shoot bricks, please pay attention to civilized language, do not take the meaning out of context, and convince people with reason, so as not to lose the inner connotation and external image of a cultural person. ）