"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 404th article
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Lin Shu (November 8, 1852 – October 9, 1924), courtesy name Qinnan, was a Chinese poet who was known as Li Shuo ( 蠡叟 ), Jian Zhuo Weng ( 蠡叟 ), Jian Zhuo Weng ( 劉卓翁 ) , and Chun Jue Zhai (春覺斋) as the master of The Sixth Bridge. The room name Chun Jue Zhai, Yan Yun Lou, etc., fujian Min County (now Fuzhou City) people.
Lin Shu loved books since childhood, and at the age of five, he worked as an auditor in a private school, and under the influence of xue Zeke, a master of the school, he deeply loved traditional Chinese literature, read Ouyang Xiuwen and Du Fu's poems, and has since formed an indissoluble relationship with literature. Lin Shu was less lonely, and Ziyun "within forty-five years, bandit books do not look at." However, due to his poor family and the chaos of the world, he had to run for his livelihood all day. In his spare time, he also did not forget to read poetry books, and later read the books collected by Li Zongyan's family in the same county, no less than 30,000 or 40,000 volumes, erudite and strong memorization, able to poetry, able to write, able to draw, and have the title of crazy life. Between the ages of 13 and 20, he read no less than 2,000 volumes of fragmented ancient books. Lin Shu's poem "Looking at the Summer Palace in the Car" is:
Pedestrians could not bear to pass through Lianchang, and Jie Ge still shrugged the incense of The Buddha.
Commissioned the garden to fight for the national treasury, willing to listen to the flesh and bones of the power.
There is no end to the situation after the ghost soldiers move, and the clan town Ki-sung begins to go down.
Looking back at Yingtai Zhu Que Li, the water at the red bridge break was cold.
In the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), Lin Shu was a prominent scholar in Jiangnan from a poor talent. From then on, he finally got rid of poverty, and he made a wide range of teachers and friends and read poetry books. Patriotic and earnest, although he has passed the age of establishment, he has worked tirelessly and has gone to Beijing seven times to participate in the examination of the Ministry of Rites. Lin Shu, who was originally bent on serving the motherland, "seven spring officials, repeatedly tried and failed." In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900), Lin Shu served as a Chinese language teacher at Wucheng Middle School in Beijing. The ancient texts he composed were highly valued by wu Rulun, the master of the Tongcheng School, and became famous and beneficial, so he served as a lecturer at Peking University. Unable to fight any longer, he devoted himself to the path of literary creation.
Lin Shu's translation of novels began in the twenty-third year of Guangxu (1897), and he and Wang Shouchang, who was proficient in French, jointly translated Dumas's "The Testament of the Traviata de Paris", and Lin Shu, who had entered the age of confusion, began his late and fruitful translation career with the translation of "The New Lefu in Central Fujian" and the "Testament of the Lady of Paris" that made Luoyang "expensive for a while". In January of the 25th year of Guangxu, "The Testament of the Lady of the Traviata of Paris" was published in Fuzhou by Wei Lu. This is the first Western novel introduced in China, which has never been seen by the Chinese people, and it is popular throughout the country for a while and is highly praised. Lin Shu's involvement in the translation industry was a very accidental thing, and it was not surprising that his translations were so popular. At that time, Lin Shu's mother died, followed by the death of his wife. Wei Han, Wang Shouchang and several other friends invited him to translate the book together in order to help Lin Shu out of the predicament of depression. Lin Shu pushed back again and again at first, and finally accepted the request. "The Testament of the Traviata de Paris" has been quite recognized by the Chinese people, and to some extent, Lin Shu has been inspired to continue along the road of translating literary works. Lin Shu's poem "From the Stone Gate into the Mountain Road, the Mouth Zhan Shows Mengdan, The Infant Star, and the Bake":
It seems to smell grass and trees, and the peaks along the road are all axes and stripes.
Moments of cloudy and sunny weather eventually become rain, and high and low pines occasionally come to the clouds.
Xiangquan fell before the stream should be, and the dangerous path crossed the mountain to accumulate green points.
The bamboo palanquin floated in the air, and Lin Luan turned to wait for the kings.
Then, lin shu was invited by the Commercial Press to translate European and American novels, introducing works from the United States, Britain, France, Russia, Greece, Germany, Japan, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway, and Spain. Under the special circumstances of not knowing foreign languages, Lin Shu cooperated with Wei Han, Chen Jialin and other talents who had studied abroad to translate more than 180 Western novels, including "David Copperfield" by British writer Dickens, "The Tale of heavenly daughters leaving the soul" by Haggard in Britain, "The Love Of Hate" by Tolstoy in Russia, "The Legend of the Magic Man" by Cervantes in Spain, "Leaving the Hate Sky" by Sengpeter in France, "Heroes after the Saxon Disaster" by The British Scott, and "Robinson Crusoe" by Defoe. These Western novels have shown the Chinese people the rich Western culture and broadened people's horizons. They firmly established Lin Shu's position as a pioneer of New Chinese culture and the king of translation. At this point, Lin Shu was recognized as the founding master of modern Chinese literature and the titan of the translation industry, and left behind the good story of "translation talent and the number of Yan Lin". Single-line books are mainly published by the Commercial Press, and most of the unpublished single-line books are published in "Novel Monthly" and "Novel World".
In the short 27 years of his life, Lin Shu not only used his patriotic blood to wield more than 100 articles on the shortcomings of the times; he completed more than 40 books such as "The Collected Works of Wei Lu", "Satirizing Xinle Fu", and "Towel Yang Qiu" with sharp and appropriate writing, successfully outlining the life of modern Chinese society; Lin Shu's poem "Duan Shang Ping Ping From Seeing the Impromptu Presentation" poem:
At first glance, I heard that I was eager to engage in it, and I saw the Yuan Rong CaoTang.
Jiu Yi who ridiculed Liu Yinbo, the family was not busy for Wu'an.
When I went to the door, my heart was like water, and the country's pity was gradually frosted.
The clouds and mist rivers are lonely for a long time, and the reason is to identify the starlight of the guests.
Before the Penghu Restoration, Lin Shu talked about the new policy with his friends every day in Fujian, composing 50 poems of "Minzhong Xinlefu", reflecting his progressive ideas at that time. Like "Mr. Village" and "XingnuXue", they advocate reforming children's education, establishing women's education, and propagating patriotic ideas: "Today, the country's hatred is like a deep sea, and revenge must drum children's hearts." This spirit of propaganda and patriotism was even more carried forward after the Sino-Japanese War, and like his "Biography of Xu Jingyan", he praised the Navy's sacrifice for the country.
Lin Shu admired Cheng and Zhu Lixue, and reading Cheng Zhu's book "Du Shu Is Like Sorghum Meat", he was able to expose the hypocrisy of "Song Ru's cold flesh of the two chambers, condensing and cursing his body, doing his best to be polite, although he privately thought of the color of beautiful women in his heart, he did not dare to move less", and ridiculed "Zong Cheng Zhu, a person of science, and a dignified and dignified believer." The warship is intimidated by the science of science, and the words are blurred." He defended feudal etiquette, accusing young people of "wanting to depose the Three Principles, Yi Junchen, Ping Father and Son, and broadening their path of freedom", and also said that "the prodigal son contains animal nature, and I can not be with the same group", and dared to translate the entire "Jia Yin Biography" that is incompatible with feudal etiquette. Yan Fu's poem "JiaChen Out of the Capital presents the Dukes of Tongli":
The lonely mountain virgin's voice is bright, and the soap robe speech is often in the hall.
Poor roll of Traviata, cut off the intestines of the.
Lin Shu's later turn to conservatism is related to his position of always advocating restoration and loyalty to the Manchu Qing. After the Xinhai Revolution, he said in the "Weilu Shicun Self-Introduction", "When the revolutionary army rises, the emperor gives way to the government." Smelling, hearing, and seeing, they are all suitable for the rest of the heart", "but the lover of the deceased". Although he did not serve as an official in the Qing Dynasty, he did consult the tomb of the Guangxu Emperor. Therefore, after entering the Republic of China, he and Tongcheng Ma Qichang and Yao Yongkui left Peking University one after another, and attacked the revolutionary Zhang Binglin as "a mediocre giant, plagiarizing the Han people's Residual Spit" and "Yiyi Fa, Generalizing the Buddha", and zhangmu for the Tongcheng faction.
Lin Shule was charitable, and in the years when his translation was a best-selling hainei, his monthly income was nearly 10,000, and most of it was used to support the education of students from poor families. He himself does not know foreign languages, but he has sponsored many students to study abroad.
During the May Fourth Movement, New Youth magazine advocated the substitution of vernacular for literature. Lin Shu wrote to Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University: "If all the ancient books are abolished and the local language is used as writing, then all the people who lead the pulp sellers will use grammar according to it." "All the barnyard sellers in Beijing and Tianjin can be used as professors." "From conservative to against the "May Fourth" new literary movement. Lin Shu's ancient style was affected by the New Culture Movement, and finally lost his chair at Peking University, and the economic situation has not been as good as before. Those students who had been assisted by him were now returning to China and making a name for themselves in society. They got together and discussed a plan that would help his mentor through his predicament without embarrassing him: they donated money to form a foundation, nominally to support Mr. Lin's translation work, but in fact the money was used by Mr. Lin himself, often for his personal daily expenses
Lin's translation pen of novels has its own unique characteristics and successes, and sometimes even the most difficult humor can be translated, and his translation pen is generally light and bright. The speed of Lin Shu's translation was something he was proud of, the dictator had not finished his words, and Lin Shu had already written on paper, and could translate a thousand words at a time without a word. He was an ancient writer who liked to use the ancient grammar to talk about his translated novels.
Qian Zhongshu commented in the article "The Translation of Lin Shu", which is included in the "Seven Collections": "Lin Shu's nearly 30 years of translation career, bounded by the completion of the translation of "Leaving hate heaven" in 1913, is clearly divided into two periods. In the early stage, seven or eight out of ten Lin translations are very eye-catching, and the later translation pen gradually regresses, the color is dull, the momentum is lax, and the reader is tired. ”
In addition to translating novels, Lin Shu's works include "Wei Lu Anthology", "Sequel", "Three Collections", poems such as "Wei Lu Poetry Cun" and "Minzhong Xinle Fu", self-authored novels such as "Jinghua Bi Blood Record", "Towel Yang Qiu", "Unjust Sea Lingguang", "Jinling Qiu", etc., notes such as "Wei Lu Manga", "Wei Lu Notes", "Wei Lu Trivia", "Technical Strike Yu Wen", etc., legends include "Shu Juan Cry", "Hepu Zhu", "Tianfei Temple" and so on. There are also ancient Chinese research works such as "Han Liuwen Research Method", "Chun JueZhai Thesis", "Zuo MengzhuangSao Essence", "Zuo ChuanHua" and so on.
In his later years, Lin Shu lived in Beijing, specializing in translating books and selling manuscripts and selling literature and paintings. He once founded the "Cangxia Jingshe", the predecessor of today's Fujian Institute of Technology. Gongshi ancient chinese words, known as paraphrasing foreign famous novels. Fu is in the painting. The landscape is like Wen Zhengming at the beginning, and then it is thick and close to Dai Xi. Occasionally wading into Shi Tao, so its thickness is quite interesting. Its inscription is poem Yun: "I don't enter the Three Kings Sect in my life, the family law is slightly bitter melon, I mean to spare the taste of the landscape, why should I attack the famous masters of bitter learning?" ”。 The flowers and birds have been passed down by their teacher Chen Wentai, light ink and thin color, and the gods are vivid. Most of the seekers use landscapes and rivers, and flowers and birds are no longer done.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Southern Song for Lin Shuqin", which reads:
Confucians have never been less filthy, and have only comforted their minds with Taoism.
The bandit book does not look at the life of the ordinary, and the family law is like a cliff foot.
The body and mind have long been promised a high festival, and they do not teach the vulgar dust to fly in the valley.
The five colors of Jiaqi are far away, and Xiuyun Guiying is famous for jade.
Not proficient in foreign language translation exercises, standing in a thousand words is not bad.
All are listed in the text, dare to let the dead trees out of the new green.
Light ink thin color flowers and birds, vivid and self-congratulatory.
The landscape and water first show wenheng mountain, and forget its taste.
Sometimes there is a good sense of fun, and he strives to draw thick shafts.
Scrap the ancient books to touch the tears of the king, and the meaning of righteousness and law is not promoted.