I don't know if you remember the text "Peach Blossom Origin" in middle school, the author Tao Yuanming, was a famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the founder of the "Pastoral School".
In "The Tale of Peach Blossom Origin", the author uses the clue of the whereabouts of the fishermen in Wuling to mix reality and ideals together, and through the description of the scene of Peach Blossom Garden, conveys to the reader an image of a peaceful, free and equal life, showing the author's pursuit of a better life, as well as dissatisfaction and helplessness with the real life at that time.
1. When he was young, his family was in decline, but he was full of poetry and books, and he learned from his strengths
Tao Yuanming's grandfather had been the Grand Sima and his grandfather and father had also made Taishou County Order, but his father died early, and he had to rely on his mother for his life and turn to his grandfather.
His grandfather's family had a large collection of books, which provided him with the opportunity to read ancient books and history books. During the Two Jin Dynasties, most scholars based on lao and Zhuang thoughts, while Tao Yuanming not only studied LaoZi and Zhuangzi, but also came into contact with the Six Classics and other literary and historical ideas in Confucian thought, and even included mythical "different books" (such as the "Classic of Mountains and Seas").
The influence of the trend of the times and the family environment enabled Tao Yuanming to accept and tolerate a variety of different ideas when he was young, thus cultivating his own outlook on life and values, and setting a grand ambition for future career development.
2. He became an official at the age of 29, depressed, and returned to the field at the age of 42
In the eighteenth year (393) of Emperor Xiaowu's reign, Tao Yuanming, who was already 29 years old, with lofty ambitions, assumed the post of wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou, responsible for the affairs of soldiers, public security, field rent, household registration, sacrifice, nongsang, water conservancy, and weapons in a state.
However, at that time, the door valve system was strict, and he was born in the Shu clan, not belonging to the family of the Scholars, and was despised by others, so he had no choice but to resign and go home.
Subsequently, someone from the state asked him to be the main bookkeeper, and he also resigned.
In the fourth year of Andy Long'an (400), he went to Jingzhou and surrendered to Huan Xuan as a subordinate official. At that time, Huan Xuan was controlling the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and wanted to wait for the opportunity to usurp the power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and after Tao Yuanming knew about this, he naturally refused to join him and be his right and left arm, and because of the loss of his mother, he resigned and returned home.
In the first month of the first year of Yuan Xing (402), Huan Xuan formally confronted the imperial court and invaded Jiankang to seize military and political power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The following year, Huan Xuan publicly usurped the emperor's position in Jiankang and changed the state to Chu. At this time, Tao Yuanming, in his hometown of Nakata, was self-sufficient, closed doors, and dismissed Huan Xuan's approach.
Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty
In the third year of YuanXing, the jianjun general Wu and Liu Yu of Xia pi taishou joined forces with Liu Yi, He Wuji and other officials to attack Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan was defeated. At this time, Tao Yuanming saw that Liu Yu was leading by example and rectifying the internal and external official style, so that the people of the imperial court were solemnly serving their duties, and the atmosphere gradually became clear, and he once had a good feeling for him.
However, soon after, he saw that Liu Yu had killed the entire family of Diao Kui and the innocent father and son of Wang Yu, who had made meritorious contributions, and also promoted Huan Xuan's confidant Wang Yu, which made Tao Yuanming feel disappointed and resigned again.
In the autumn of the first year of Yixi (405), his uncle introduced Tao Yuanming to serve as the commander of Pengze County, and on the eighty-first day of his officialship, he met the county governor to understand the situation.
Tao Yuanming was told that it was a person sent from above, and he should be dressed neatly and respectfully to greet him.
At this time, he sighed and said, "I don't want to pay tribute to these guys in a low voice for the five buckets of rice salary of the little county order." ”
After saying that, he resigned again. Thirteen years of eunuch career, this is the end. When the lofty ideal ambition, after constant attempts, disappointment, and final despair, he chose to go into hiding and never look back.
His classic "Return to the Story" was also created at this time.
3. In his later years, he lived a life of seclusion and created a large number of literary works
At this time, Tao Yuanming, who was poor and happy, fully enjoyed the pastoral life and created many popular works.
For example, "Gengji's Harvest of Waseda in Nishida in the Middle of September":
Life belongs to the Way, and food and clothing are fixed; Neither of them camps, but in order to seek self-security. Kaichun is a regular business, and the years are worthy of talking; Morning out of the unbridled micro-diligence, daily income negative return. The frost in the mountains is dewy, and the wind is also cold first, so isn't the Tian family bitter? It was difficult for Fu to resign. The four bodies are sincere and tired, and there is no difference between them and dryness. Under the soothing of the curtain, the fighting wine is scattered, the distant depression is drowning, and the thousand generations are related. I hope it will be like this, and it is not a pity to work hard.
Through the description of the process of agricultural activities and the description of the pleasure in it, this poem expresses the author's unswerving ambition to cultivate. The language is plain and the meaning is far-reaching, showing the author's feelings of dedication.
Another example is "Miscellaneous Poems: Remembering When I Was Young":
When I remember when I was young and strong, I was not happy to rejoice. Fierce ambitions are all over the world, and Qian Fei thinks far and wide. As the years passed, this heart has gone a little. There is no more entertainment, and there is always more worry. The strength gradually declines, and the turning day is not as good as it gets. The boat doesn't have to be broken, and I can't stop. The front paint is a few times, and the mooring place is unknown. The ancients cherished the yin, and reading this made people afraid.
The whole poem presents a desolate and deep feeling, describing the simple happiness of youth, the anxiety of middle age and old age, and the sigh of cherishing the good times. The whole poem embodies the clean, simple and profound characteristics of Tao Yuanming's words.
Unfortunately, in his later years, Tao Yuanming caught up with natural disasters, and the house was also hit by a fire, and the family's condition deteriorated. Even so, he did not accept the rice and meat sent by Jiangzhou Thorn Shi. The imperial court also arranged for him to be a writer, but he also refused.
In the end, Tao Yuanming died of hunger and cold.
The first half of Tao Yuanming's life, just like the poem he wrote, "Fierce ambitions are all over the world, and Qian Fei thinks far away." His spiritual life absorbed the cultural upbringing, thus sublimating the "fierce ambition". And "Qian Fei" is to fly and spread his wings, he longs to spread his wings like a bird of prey, but reality does not give him such an opportunity.
He has a straight personality, honesty and honesty, has ambition, does not cling to the powerful, so he has a feeling of incompatibility with the decaying environment, so he finds another way, turns around and devotes himself to hard and simple and happy agricultural activities, stimulating his creative desire and imagination, leaving us with a rich cultural heritage for future generations.
This is the story behind Tao Yuanming's idyllic poems, such a Tao Yuanming, do you admire?
Love life, love to share, may I bring you luck and happiness.
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