"Ancient and mysterious petroglyphs, the common mother tongue of prehistoric human civilization. Before the writing officially met the public, it was also the only cultural classic that could show the picture of social life at that time. ”
Do you remember that at the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, a huge scroll recording the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization was slowly unfolded in the center of the stage, and the first thing that caught the eye was some strange pictograms, which made people in the clouds and fog, and there was no doubt, and it was a Huashan rock painting from Ningming County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi. The rock paintings on Huashan Mountain are the relics of the ancestors of the Zhuang people, the ancient LuoYue people, which are their ingenious craftsmanship and a song on the broken wall.
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Compared with the Forbidden City of the Great Wall in Beijing, the Qin Terracotta Warriors in Xi'an, the West Lake in Hangzhou, and the landscape in Guilin, the popularity of Huashan rock paintings is indeed pitiful, although it is said that "natural beauty is difficult to abandon", but it is also "raised in the deep boudoir people do not know", until 2016 successfully shortlisted for the World Cultural Heritage List, it slowly broke this shape, and then gradually entered the public's vision.
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Huashan, which means "Bale" in the local Zhuang language, is translated simply as "the mountain of paintings". According to research, the people depicted are the ancient Luoyue people of the Spring and Autumn Period of the Warring States, who were originally concentrated in the area of Chongzuo City in today's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, inhabiting along the river for generations, good at water, using stone tools as labor tools, and raw fish and raw sheep as staple foods.
On the cliffs and cliffs along the banks of the Zuo River and its tributary, the Ming River, more than 200 kilometers, there are a large number of paintings. After more than 2,000 years of wind and rain baptism, after the vicissitudes of the sea and the change of sangtian, more than 6,000 images have been preserved to this day, which also makes Huashan the "world's largest rock painting board".
Regarding its origin, there is also such a legend in the local Yaoda village. There is a strange person named Meng Da, born with an amazing amount of food, and the strength is infinite, and it is not a problem to pick hundreds of pounds of grain on the shoulder. In the following year, when the soldiers were in chaos, the officials were doing evil deeds to oppress the people, and the people were enslaved to the water and fire, and Yaoda Village naturally could not avoid this disaster. One day, Meng Da couldn't bear it any longer and decided to rise up and rebel, but without soldiers and horses, what else could he talk about? After much thought, Monta didn't come up with a good idea.
Until an old man with silver beard and white hair came from the village, he gave Meng Da a stack of paper and a paintbrush, and said that he would draw soldiers and horses and knives and guns on the paper, if he sincerely painted for a hundred days, a miracle would appear, but this was a natural opportunity, and it must not be heard by outsiders. As soon as the words fell, the old man of Haoshou drove the crane west.
Most of them were suspicious, but they were forced to do nothing, so they were willing to try. He painted behind closed doors all day long, sleeping and forgetting to eat. For a long time, his mother saw that the son had been nagging all day and did not know what he was busy with, so she asked what was going on with Montague? Monta did not respond positively, shaking his head and saying that the answer would be revealed in a hundred days. However, MengDa's mother could not resist the curiosity, and when Mengda was not at home, she secretly opened the picture box, and in an instant, the people on the paper, horses, knives and drums all floated out of the house and stuck to the rock wall in front of the village, which became today's so-called Huashan petroglyphs.
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The beauty of The Flower Mountain is in the mysterious —————————————————————
The petroglyphs on Huashan Mountain have different forms and a wide variety of types, including people, horses, dogs, knives, swords, brass drums and sheep horns and bells, mostly portraits. The painting method is relatively simple, using the flat painting method, which is only a simple processing of the constructed image, roughly expressing the external outline of the painted object, and not making a detailed depiction of the part. Although the style is slightly quaint, the tone is rough and the scene is very grand. For thousands of years, it has stood quietly on both sides of the river, and in the long river of time, it flows slowly with a flat boat, telling its distant stories and legends to future generations.
。 What is the meaning behind the pattern? In the territory of Ningming, Fusui and Longzhou, it stretches for more than 260 kilometers, and there are 89 petroglyph points distributed in large and small sizes, of which Ningming County is the most distributed. The reddish-brown pictogram looks like a frog dancing in its hands from a distance. In addition to their different appearance from people, they are completely humanoid in other aspects, with swords, drums, and boats... The scene is full of pictures and causes people to think deeply: what is the meaning of this? Generations of experts disagree on this, but the answer that comes down to the following two:
First, a scene of sacrifice is shown.
Wu culture in the Lingnan region can be described as a long history, definitely no later than the Spring and Autumn Warring States period. Looking closely at the "humanoids" in the petroglyphs, it is not difficult to find that their movements are also uniform, their legs are bent apart, and their hands are raised above their heads to make frog ambushes, which is almost ninety-nine percent similar to the action of jumping the god of ancient ceremonies. Moreover, the large-scale gathering of figures in ancient times was generally due to natural disasters and man-made disasters, and they came to pray to the gods, so it is reasonable to say that the Huashan rock paintings show sacrifice scenes.
But why did this man have to be painted in the shape of a frog? In ancient times, when the productive forces were not developed, the level of understanding of the ancients was generally low, and the laws of survival and evolution of plants, animals, etc. were even more ignorant, and some creatures also had some functions that human beings wanted or did not have, so they were considered by people at that time to be the embodiment of gods, and they were specially sent to protect them, and thus the totem culture was derived. The frog in the painting is a kind of totem, first of all, the frog has strong reproductive ability, you must know that in that era, the large number of heirs was listed as the top priority of the race; in addition, frogs often chose to haunt on rainy days, and Ganlin was once considered to be a blessing from heaven, so the frog was indirectly considered to be a messenger communicating with the gods.
Second, war scenes that intimidate opponents.
It is said that when Qin Shi Huang realized the ambition of unifying the world, it was a relentless effort to encircle and suppress the countries, and even luo Yueguo, who was far away in the sky, could not escape becoming one of the members of the annexation list. But where will the ancient Luoyue people, known as the Southern Barbarians, be the opponents of the Han people? Since they could not win in terms of actual ability, they had some strange tricks in their thinking, so the ancestors of Luo Yue, who were wise and multi-star, came up with a way to paint on the cliffs, and drew a large number of people, knives, swords, drums with red paint symbolizing blood. The Qin people were shown a large-scale lethal scene, and in this way let them know how tough the Luo Yue people's troops were, hoping to win without a fight and scare away the Qin people who came to invade.
。 Why don't pigments rot for thousands of years?
Huashan, known as "Dunhuang in Rock Paintings", has the magnificence of Dunhuang and its own inherent mystery. The Yellow Crane Tower, which was rebuilt more than twenty times before and after several wars, has long been unrecognizable; and the Leshan Giant Buddha, located at the confluence of the three rivers, has been eroded by wind and rain in the long years, and it is ultimately difficult to escape the doom of thousands of holes. But why can Huashan be able to keep its color undiminished and independent in the time of more than two thousand years?
According to the research, as well as many sources of verification, experts explained that the paint should be red hematite powder, the binder for plant leaves, the main component of this plant liquid is oxalic acid, as long as the oxalic acid is coated on the rock formation can remove the carbon dioxide in the calcium carbonate, so that it becomes calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate is a very hard substance, raw materials are not easy to age after being attached to it, and can maintain non-decay for thousands of years!
。 How do you paint on the wall?
On both sides of the Zuo River, the mountains stand tall, the forests are luxuriant, and there are many rare and exotic animals. Looking at the majestic mountain, in addition to worship, it is estimated that only reverence remains. When marveling at the mystery of the uncorrupted paint, this "red mark" is more than ninety meters away from the highest of the river surface, and the lowest is also thirty meters, how did the ancient Luo Yue people paint on the cliffs? This question is even more direct to people's hearts and leads people to discuss.
。 Rock climbing Method Influenced by competitive project climbing, some experts and scholars believe that the ancient Luoyue people carried paint brushes on their bodies and climbed to the cliffs with their bare hands with the help of waist strength and abdominal strength. This theory seems to make some sense, but in the face of refutation, it still can't stand up. It is not difficult for people who pay attention to observe that Huashan belongs to a typical karst landform, with smooth stone, neat rock blocks, and there are no potholes, and the best climbers can climb up if they do not have a fulcrum? Therefore, this theory is difficult to convince the public.
。 Boat riding method In the Huashan petroglyphs, there are many punching boat competition maps, and there are also left rivers flowing through, so some people speculate that it will not be the ancient Luoyue people who punched the boat when the water level rose? At first glance, the viewpoint seems to be reasonable, but still listen to jun's words, such as listening to a seat, there are too many bugs. First, from the analysis of the painting state. When the flood rises, the water flows extremely fast, how can the boats remain stable and easily paint? Moreover, there is no case of painting on the rock that is missing because of the shaking of the hand. Second, combined with the water level, it is even more outrageous. According to the calculation of water conservancy experts, the highest water level in Huashan over the years is only more than ten meters, and even the height of the lowest petroglyphs cannot be reached.
。 Bracket method Near the water tower platform first get the moon, the sun flowers and trees are easy to spring. If you want to paint on the wall, first you have to touch the rock wall, the first two methods are not OK, then what is the magic idea? When the experts racked their brains and couldn't figure it out, a voice jumped out: the bracket method. Just like building a house from a high rise, as long as the scaffolding of the tower on the ground layer by layer, the purpose of construction can be achieved after sending people up. Is this really the case? The expert's reply is, hard! The thinking of modernity needs to be considered in the context of history. The geological expedition team found that the foundation of the Huashan Area two thousand years ago was unstable, there were too many loose substances, and there were no conditions for scaffolding. Moreover, the productivity of ancient times was low, and the ancients did not understand architecture, so how could they build a scaffold that stretched for more than two hundred kilometers and was tens of meters high?
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—————————————————————— is afraid to spend words, let's just put it in a word. Huashan, this mysterious totem that travels through thousands of years of time and space, is the intersection of nature and humanity, showing the tolerance and prosperity of Chinese civilization; it comes from ancient times and will also move from the present to the future.