Three Kingdoms Liang will be the series of Cao Chun
Cooking wine on heroes, but also about the characters of the Three Kingdoms.
Cao Chun (170–210), courtesy name Zihe, was a native of Peiguo County, cao ren's younger brother and cao Cao's maternal brother. Many articles record that the two brothers cao ren and cao chun are cao cao's cousins, which is no problem in a broad sense. However, the author's article strives to avoid misunderstanding, after all, cousins are usually understood today as the sons of their father's brothers, and Cao Rencao is the grandson of Cao Cao's adoptive grandfather's brother, so it is actually more rigorous to call distant cousins.
As a "pure" soy sauce character in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Chun only appeared briefly in the 51st, rescuing Cao Hong in the Battle of Nan County, but as a result, he was defeated, and cao Ren and Cao Hong abandoned the city and fled, and then did not appear again. But friends who know a little about the history of the Three Kingdoms know that Cao Chun is listed as one of the Eight Tiger Riders of Cao Wei, not a general, and today I will introduce you to this Cao Wei general, the commander of the Tiger and Panther Riding - Cao Chun.
According to Pei Songzhi's note on the Heroes, Cao Chun's father died at the age of fourteen and he immediately separated from his brother Cao Ren. Their father, Cao Chi, had served as an official in the ranks of lieutenant and lieutenant of Changshui, so after the separation of the family, Cao Chun also inherited a fairly solid family business. Cao Chun's family had hundreds of servants and doormen, but the fourteen-year-old Cao Chun was able to manage well, so that his subordinates could obey the rules and obey, and the people in his hometown recognized that Cao Chun was very capable.
Unlike Cao Ren, who was "less good at bowing and hunting", his younger brother Cao Chun preferred to read. At a young age, he knew how to respect the well-educated people, so his reputation gradually spread, and he became famous far and wide, and many learned scholars came to defect.
In the fifth year of Zhongping (188), the Han Ling Emperor set up the Eight Lieutenants of Xiyuan in order to strengthen the central military strength, and Cao Cao was appointed as one of the eight lieutenants of the CanonIcal Military Academy, and Cao Chun, who was eighteen years old at the time, followed Cao Cao into Beijing as a Waiter at the Yellow Gate.
Here is a brief explanation, some people may think of eunuchs when they see the word Yellow Gate, which is often mentioned in the history of eunuch chaos in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In fact, the Yellow Gate originally meant that the forbidden gates of the imperial palace at that time were painted yellow, and later extended to be the officials who could enter and leave the forbidden palace. As the emperor's internal attendant, eunuchs could naturally enter and leave the forbidden palace, so they gradually referred to the Yellow Gate as eunuchs. However, in the Han Dynasty, the Yellow Gate Attendant was a scholar, and his main job was to convey official documents between the emperor and the Shaofu Shangshu Ling, so he could also enter and exit the Forbidden Palace. The little yellow door refers to the eunuch, although the name is very similar, but the small yellow door and the yellow door waiter are very different natures, here is a simple explanation for everyone.
The Yellow Gate Attendant was of a low rank, with only 600 stones, but Cao Chun was transferred to the central government by Cao Cao at the age of eighteen, apparently believing in his ability and treating Cao Chun as his close confidant in the imperial court. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand why Cao Cao later handed over the tiger and leopard riding to Cao Chun.
In the first month of the sixth year of Zhongping (190), the Kwantung Coalition Army with Yuan Shao as the leader was established, and Cao Chun followed Cao Cao to recruit troops at Chen Liu to join the coalition army, and from then on followed Cao Cao to the south in the northern war.
There are not many historical materials about Cao Chun, and there are no records in the more than ten years since the beginning of the army. Here the author can only properly reason, Dianwei and later Xu Chu as Cao Cao's escort captain, there is no record of commanding cavalry, all battles are infantry battles, then Cao Chun's role is likely to be the cavalry escort captain, usually rarely charge into the battlefield, so there is no deed left. There is no clear record of when the tiger and leopard riding was formed, but this team should have a development process, Cao Chun has been good at organization and management since childhood, and has a high level of education, so letting him lead such an elite cavalry as a personal guard is undoubtedly an excellent choice. Therefore, it is likely that at the beginning of the establishment of the Tiger and Leopard Riding, or the cavalry team that preceded the Tiger and Panther Riding was led by Cao Chun.
The nature of the tiger and leopard riding is Cao Cao's personal guard, which is not the author's imagination, but has a historical basis. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms of Cao Xiu contains that "(Cao Xiu) often follows the conquest and makes the leading tiger and leopard ride the guard". From this record, it can be clearly defined that the function of the tiger and leopard riding is "Su Wei", that is, to protect Cao Cao's safety day and night. Cao Chun, as Cao Cao's distant cousin, was naturally the most trusted subordinate, and it was logical to be responsible for Cao Cao's security, so there was a reasonable explanation without his combat records in the early stage.
According to Pei Songzhi's note quoting the Book of Wei, "The tigers and leopards ridden by Chunshou are all sharp in the world, or they will be supplemented by a hundred people, and Taizu will be difficult to be handsome." Purely elected as the overseer, the caress is very popular. "It means that at the beginning of the establishment of the Tiger and Panther Horse, elite cavalry was strictly selected, and if there was a vacancy, it was selected from a hundred low-level officers. The soldiers of this unit are not ordinary soldiers, the officers of other units come here to be cavalry, and the army's combat literacy is very high, and it also needs a strong general to lead well. Therefore, Cao Cao was once very embarrassed, and finally chose Cao Chun, and Cao Chun had a very good way, knowing how to appease his subordinates, and even won the hearts of the people. Ability is on the one hand, such an important team Cao Cao is not at ease in the hands of outsiders, so Cao Chun, who is both a clan relative and a highly educated person, has become the best candidate.
In the first month of the tenth year of Jian'an (205), Yuan Tan, who surrendered first and then rebelled, was driven to Nanpi by Cao Cao, who personally led a large army to pursue, and Cao Chun finally got the opportunity to make meritorious contributions. According to Cao Chun's biography in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Chun led a tiger and leopard to follow Cao Cao to surround Nanpi, and Yuan Tan knew that he could not surrender, so he desperately resisted. Yuan Tan, who fought a battle against the water, led his troops out of the city and actually killed the Cao army in a big defeat, and the Cao soldiers suffered many casualties. Cao Cao, who had been hit, planned to postpone the attack, and Cao Chunjin said: "Now we are traveling a long way to attack the enemy, and retreating without victory will definitely hit morale, and your prestige will be damaged." Moreover, we are alone and do not allow protracted wars. The other side must have a proud mentality and will be paralyzed when we have won the battle now; we are afraid of losing the battle, but we have become cautious. If you fight pride with fear, you will be able to overcome it. ”
Cao Cao took Cao Chun's advice and quickly organized a second offensive, and sure enough, Yuan Tan was caught off guard, and did not expect that the Cao army, which had just suffered defeat, would come back so quickly, according to the Book of Later Han Yuan Shao, "Tan wanted to go to war, and the army was not broken." That is to say, the main reason for the destruction of the city was that Yuan Tan's army failed to assemble quickly due to letting down its vigilance, which shows that Cao Chun's grasp of the psychology of both sides on the battlefield is very accurate.
Yuan Tan got on his horse in a hurry and ran out of Nanpi City in a shawl. Discovered by Cao Chun's subordinates, this person is a high official from the perspective of clothing, so these tigers and leopard riders are in hot pursuit. As the pursuing soldiers got closer and closer, Yuan Tan fell from his horse in a panic and begged for forgiveness from the pursuing Cao Army cavalry: "Hey, if you let me go, I can give you glory and wealth." However, the tiger and leopard riders had always had serious military discipline, and of course they would not let him go, so Yuan Tan was not only defeated by Cao Chun, but also beheaded by Cao Chun's subordinates.
Cao Chun made his first contribution in the process of conquest of Yuan Tan, and Qingzhou was incorporated into Cao Cao's sphere of influence.
According to the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Cao Chun, his commander-in-chief Tiger and Panther riding position was Yilang Samsikong Military, here "Samsikong Military", Cao Cao's position at that time was Sikong, Cao Chun was also Cao Cao's military assistant to Sikong Province, this position is very flexible, and the size of the power depends on Cao Cao's authorization. Cao Chun's appointment as the commander of the Tiger and Panther Riders was obviously entrusted with a heavy responsibility.
The main generals of the Tiger and Panther Horse were Cao Chun, Cao Xiu, Cao Zhen, etc., all of whom were cao cao's relatives, and the main duty of this unit was to protect Cao Cao's safety, so it would not be sent to the front line until the critical moment.
In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), Cao Cao attacked Wuhuan in the north. In the face of the cavalry of the nomadic peoples of the north, it is necessary to have the strength to resist. In the face of cavalry, it was difficult for infantry to defend in the open plains to the north, and the attack was even more powerless, and it would only become a living target for the Wuhuan people. Therefore, in this battle, Cao Cao brought with him many horsemen who could fight good battles, and at the same time brought the tiger and leopard to the front line.
In Zhang Liao's chapter, the author detailed the battle experience, under the command of Zhang Liao, Xu Huang, Zhang Gao, Zhang Xiu, Han Hao, Shi Zhuo, Cao Chun and other famous generals bravely rushed to kill, and the First World War made Wu Huan withdraw from the stage of history. I don't know if anyone noticed that among these people, only Cao Chun was a relative of Cao Cao, and the rest of the generals of Cao Wei's "Eight Tigers" were unable to accompany Cao Cao on an expedition to Wuhuan. Defending the rear is on the one hand, but it can also show that Cao Chun himself is highly skilled in riding, and as the commander of the elite cavalry, he must be a highly skilled cavalry general. Cao Xiu, Cao Zhen, and Xiahou Shang may have been too young to participate in the war, but considering that Cao Chun was fifteen years younger than Cao Cao, in fact, Cao Chun and these three juniors should be closer in age.
Among the generals who participated in the battle, only Cao Chun was a tiger and leopard general, so it is reasonable to infer that Cao Chun was located at the tail of the formation as a pressing force. The tiger and leopard must first ensure Cao Cao's safety, as an elite of one in a hundred, Cao Cao will not and is reluctant to let them rush to the front line as cannon fodder. But when the rest of the troops are on the battlefield and exhausted, the appearance of the Tiger and Panther Rider will greatly change the trend of the battlefield.
In the Battle of White Wolf Mountain, Wu Huandan was killed in The Battle of Jiandun, which was an important reason for the collapse of the combined forces of Wu Huan and Yuan. However, it is precisely on the question of who died at the hands of Gandun and how he died that there are contradictions in the historical records.
Zhang Liao of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that "Liao advised Taizu to fight, and he was very angry, and Taizu was strong, and he gave Liao what he held." Strike, break it, and chop it up. "It is said that Zhang Liao killed Jian Dun."
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Emperor Wuji, also records that "Zhang Liao was made the vanguard, the people were destroyed, the kings of The Fallen and the famous kings had fallen, and more than 200,000 People from Hu and Han had descended." ”
It seems that it is clear that Zhang Liao killed the same record, and different biographies have the same record, which should be unmistakable, but in the same history book, there are different records.
In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Chun's biography reads: "And the Northern Expedition to the Three Counties, Chunbu rode shan Yu Gandun. "It is very strange that here Gandun was not killed by Zhang Liao, but captured by Cao Chun. Which is right?
The author believes that Zhang Liaochuan and Emperor Wuji corroborate each other, and that Emperor Wuji, as Cao Cao's benji, should be more valued by Chen Shou and should be more cautious. Therefore, it is more likely that he will be cut off by Zhang Liao. But here's the question, how to confirm that the enemy who is killed in battle is a stomp. According to historical records, Gandun did die in this battle, and even if Cao Chun was captured, he was killed soon after. Perhaps, the person beheaded by Zhang Liao and the person captured by Cao Chun made Cao Cao unable to determine which one was the real one. Cao Cao gave Zhang Liao the credit for the killing of Cao Dun, and some people suspected that Cao Chun's capture was true, so both theories were retained.
In any case, in any case, Jian Dun was indeed dead, and the Wuhuan in the north could no longer pose a threat to Cao Cao, and Cao Chun proved that he was the best rider in the clan, which was enough.
Cao Cao returned to Yicheng to make a big reward, of which Cao Chun was given the title of Marquis of Gaoling pavilion and three hundred households.
Shan Yu Dun
The Battle of Changshanpo is a wonderful bridge in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and it is also a battle that is vividly reflected in the tendency of Zun Liu to suppress Cao. Whenever people talk about Zhao Zilong's seven in and seven guns to pick up the fifty generals of the Cao camp, Zhang Yide drank and cut off the Yang Bridge to shock Xiahou Jie to the point of tearing his liver and gallbladder, Lady Elk committed suicide in order to save Ah Dou, Liu Bei first could not bear the suffering of the people and wanted to throw himself into the river, and after feeling Zhao Yun's loyalty and courage, he wrestled Ah Dou, and in Luo Guanzhong's pen, this battle became the home stage of Liu Bei's clique's wenwu, junchen, and even his wife's room, and Cao Jun completely became a foil.
The plot of the novel is wonderful, but the author wants to discuss history, so I still have to go back to reality and think.
In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208 AD), Cao Cao marched south to Jingzhou. In August of that year, Liu Biao died of illness, and Liu Chun had no choice but to surrender at the strong demands of the local clan, and Liu Bei fled south.
Unlike the novel, Cao Cao did not see Zhao Yun's heroic posture of seven in and seven out, nor did he hear Zhang Fei's momentum like a tiger. Cao Cao was busy taking over Jingzhou, and who would personally travel thousands of miles to pursue Liu Bei.
But of course, Cao Cao would not easily let Liu Bei go, and sent Cao Chun to lead five thousand tigers and leopards to ride and go in pursuit. As with historical facts, when Liu Bei fled, in addition to his own army, he also had the weight accumulated over the years and the people who followed him. The further south he went, the more people he followed, and realistically speaking, regardless of the purpose, Liu Bei did enjoy the name of benevolence among the people in the years of Xinye, so many people fled with them, reaching a crowd of 100,000. Of course, Liu Bei also intended to take the people to migrate, first, population is to develop capital, is the guarantee for the comeback; second, when the Cao army catches up, the more chaotic the situation, the easier it is to escape; third, Liu Bei really did not expect the Cao army to chase so quickly.
The general who was ordered to pursue Liu Bei and beat Liu Bei's wife and children was Cao Chun. It is said that Cao Cao should be reluctant to let the tiger and leopard ride to fight a hard battle, how can he let Cao Chun take the initiative to attack? Because Liu Chun had surrendered and the northern part of Jingzhou belonged to Cao Cao, Cao Cao knew the situation liu bei was facing, and the goal of this pursuit was to prevent Liu Bei from seizing Jiangling, and did not expect to completely annihilate Liu Bei in a battle, after all, Cao Cao's main force was not so fast. Therefore, Cao Chun's task was to maximize the results of the battle as much as possible, and it was best to shoot Liu Bei to death, and it didn't matter if he escaped, as long as he didn't let him run into Jiangling, the seat of nan county.
Cao Chun was indeed quick, catching up with Liu Bei's fleeing army in Dangyang County, Nan County, and Liu Bei, who had no intention of fighting, was Cao Chun's opponent, and five thousand cavalry rushed into Liu Bei's army, and in an instant the soldiers and civilians scattered and fled. In the chaos, Liu Bei fled with Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang, and dozens of cavalry. All the weight fell into Cao Chun's hands.
Although Zhao Yun did not enter and exit seven times, let alone kill any Cao Jun generals, he still made great achievements. He not only rescued Ah Dou, but also rescued Ah Dou's mother, Lady Gan, although the tragedy in the play can touch people's hearts more, but it is more difficult to rescue this mother and son safely in the chaos of war.
Liu Bei's wife and children did not care when he fled, but thanks to Zhao Yun, who was loyal and righteous, otherwise Liu Chan would still have the life to be emperor. But the wife and son saved, but the daughter did not.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms cao chun (曹淳) records that "from Zheng jingzhou, he pursued Liu Bei to Changsaka, received his second daughter's weight, and collected his scattered pawns." Cao Chun not only received heavy supplies and surrendered Liu Bei's soldiers, but also captured Liu Bei's two daughters. Here please note that many articles on the Internet write that Cao Chun married one of his daughters to his son Cao Yan, but the author failed to find the source. Appropriately deriving a certain historical event based on historical data and deducing his behavior according to the personality of the character is a speculation based on historical facts, but the author really does not know where Cao Yan married Liu Bei's daughter came from. If you write it this way without giving the source, these articles are borrowed from each other without any serious analysis. Therefore, the author explains here, such as netizens have information on this matter to welcome exchanges.
As mentioned earlier, Cao Chun's task was to organize Liu Bei to enter Jiangling, so Cao Chun encountered Zhang Fei's obstruction when he chased him to the Changsaka Bridge, and since the main goal was completed, he did not have a hard confrontation with Zhang Fei. In any case, Zhang Fei's drinking of the Yang Bridge was false, but it was true to shock Cao Jun, and this domineering spirit was indeed a factor for Cao Chun to no longer pursue.
Cao Chun then marched into Jiangling, marking that Nan Commandery belonged to Cao Cao, jiangling was located at the key, and the four counties of Jingnan fell to the wind, nominally obeying Cao Cao. This is also the reason why Zhou Yu later attacked Jiangling for more than a year, after the Chibi War, Jiangling was surrounded by Zhou Yu, and the four counties of Jingnan were quickly taken by Liu Bei. Although the situation later evolved into this, Cao Chun's task at this time was very well accomplished, otherwise Liu Bei would probably use Jiangling as a base to develop directly to the four prefectures of Jingnan.
Cao Chun did not stay long in Jiangling, and soon returned to Yu County to join Cao Cao, and Jiangling was handed over to his brother Cao Renzhen to guard. From this, it can be seen that Cao Cao was always a personal guard general of Cao Chun and was not easy to use.
In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210), Cao Chun died, and Cao Cao actually struggled over who would take over the tiger and leopard riding. According to Pei Songzhi's commentary on the Book of Wei, someone proposed some alternatives, and Cao Cao said: "There will be no more generals like Cao Chun! Can't I lead the tiger and leopard ride myself? So Cao Cao did not appoint anyone else to succeed him, and really directly led the tiger and leopard ride himself. Later, Cao Xiu and Cao Zhen gradually matured, so Cao Cao was again entrusted to the two to lead.
After Emperor Wen of Wei ascended the throne, Cao Pi posthumously created Cao Chun the Marquis of Wei.
As Cao Cao's personal subordinate unit, the Tiger and Leopard Rider made great contributions to Cao Cao. Among them, Cao Chun was the most eye-catching during the tiger and leopard riding period, but unfortunately, as Cao Cao's private armed forces, there were very few official records and no more deeds were left. Perhaps the tiger and leopard riding still have important feats that are not known, or perhaps not, similar to Liu Bei's White Ear Army commander Chen Zhi, this type of special force engaged in protecting the monarch has always acted low-key, but no one will doubt their importance.
The tiger and leopard riding has never appeared in the historical records after Cao Cao's death and Cao Pi's ascension to the throne, which shows that the tiger and leopard riding was a force born for Cao Cao personally. As the general with the least record of the Eight Tigers, Cao Chun's life was low-key and loyal, and he was able to make Cao Cao irreplaceable, worthy of a generation of good generals.