The imperial examination is called "Yuan" by the first person, the first person in the township examination is called Xie Yuan, and the first person in the examination is called Huiyuan. The temple test is the first title. In the Tang system, all those who went to Beijing to apply for the examination of the Ministry of Ceremonies must submit a certificate, because the person who is in the first place is called the head of the form, so it is called a champion.
According to research, from the fifth year of Tang Gaozu Wude (622), the first imperial ruler Sun Fujia (a native of Dezhou, Shandong), to the last ruler Liu Chunlin in the thirtieth year of Qing Guangxu (1904), in this 1283 period, the number of scientific expeditions was 745, and a total of more than 500 titles were produced.
In the history of China's imperial examinations, millions of people and more than 100,000 jinshi have emerged, and the "Zhuangyuan" Lang, who is the peak of this huge intellectual group, is a handful, and the fierce competition can be imagined.
According to the "Complete Biography of Chinese Champions", the Song Dynasty produced a total of 118 titles, of which 37 were 20-30 years old, accounting for 72.5%, the youngest was 18 years old, and 2 were over 50 years old.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were 114 Zhuangyuan people, of which 19 were 20-30 years old, accounting for 35%, and the youngest was 21 years old. Of the 5 people over the age of 50, the oldest is 62 years old.
It is said that "words are like people", especially in a large number of examination papers, the better the words, the more they can attract the attention of the examiner. Then, after layers of selection, strict screening, and finally from the Qing Dynasty in each period of the imperial examination of the middle and high school titles, what is their level of calligraphy?
During the Shunzhi period
In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Fan Wencheng, a scholar at the time, made a mistake, stating that the rule of the world should begin with the scholars. The then regent Doljuan approved his proposal, and beginning in the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing Dynasty officially began to implement the imperial examination.
In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), the full list of champions: Ma Leji
（？ -1689, Manchurian Yellow Banner man)
Eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661): Ma Shijun
(1609-1666, a native of Liyang County, Zhenjiang Province, Jiangsu Province)
Fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658): Sun Cheng'en
(1619-1659, a native of Changshu County, Suzhou Province, Jiangsu Province)
Shunzhi 4th year (1647): Lü Gong
(1603-1664, from Wujin County, Changzhou, Jiangsu)
During the Kangxi Dynasty
Kangxi once said to the university scholars: "In this year's examination room, most of the children of the ministers and the lonely and cold disciples have not been able to enter the examination. Want to be convincing, huh? It can be seen from this that he deeply resented the favoritism and fraud in the imperial examination at that time. It also reflects the importance that the Kangxi Emperor attached to the selection of the imperial examination.
Thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1700): Wang Xuan
(1671-1706, Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu)
Thirty Years of the Kangxi Dynasty (1691): Dai Youqi
（？ - 1711, Jinshanwei, Jiangsu (present-day Jinshan District, Shanghai)
Twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1685): Lu Kentang
(1650-1696,
A native of Changzhou County, Suzhou Province, Jiangsu Province)
Kangxi 12th year (1673): Han Zhao
(1637-1704, Changzhou County, Suzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province.)
(present-day Suzhou)
Kangxi 6th year (1667): Miao Tong
(1627-1697, a native of Wu County, Suzhou Province, Jiangsu Province)
Kangxi Iii (1664): Yan Yisi
(1629-?) , Gui'an County, Huzhou, Zhejiang
(present-day Huzhou City)
Yongzheng period
Yongzheng Eleventh Year (1733): Chen Qian
(1695-1739, a native of Yizheng County, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province)
Yongzheng VIII (1730): Zhou Shu
(1684-?) , a native of Qiantang County, Hangzhou Province, Zhejiang)
Yongzheng II (1724): Chen Dehua
(1696-1779, directly under Anzhou (present-day Anxin, Hebei)
During the Qianlong period
In the third year of Qianlong, the military attendant Heshude advocated that "the terms of the examination should be changed and changed." However, due to the strong opposition of the university scholar Ortai at that time, the imperial examination system could not be reformed. Soon, Qianlong was greatly dissatisfied when he discovered that the scientific field judgment was the same in thousands of volumes, and that there were drawbacks of imitation or forced copying on the spot, and this was the result of the Qianlong Ding Ugly Spring making up his mind to rectify it.
Fifty-five years of Qianlong (1790): Shi Yunyu
(1755-1837, a native of Wu County, Suzhou Province, Jiangsu Province)
Fifty-second Year of Qianlong (1787): Shi Zhiguang
（？ - 1828, from Shanyin County, Shaoxing Province, Zhejiang)
Twenty-eighth year of Qianlong (1763): Qin Dacheng
(1720-1779, Jiading County, Taicang Prefecture, Jiangsu Province.)
(present-day Jiading District, Shanghai)
Qianlong Thirteen years (1748): Liang Guozhi
(1723-1786, Zhongtang, Huiji County, Shaoxing Province, Zhejiang.)
(Now Shangyu) people)
Qianlong Seven Years (1742): Jin Yong
(1702-1782, a native of Renhe County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang)
Qianlong 4th Year (1739): Zhuang Yougong
(1713-1767, a native of Panyu County, Guangzhou, Guangdong)
During the Jiaqing period
Jiaqing Twenty-second Year (1817): Wu Qijun
(1789-1847, a native of Gushi County, Henan)
Thirteen years of Jiaqing (1808): Wu Xinzhong
（？ －？ , ancestral home of Xiuning, Anhui, sent to Wu County, Suzhou Province, Jiangsu Province)
Jiaqing 4th year (1799): Yao Wentian
(1758-1827, native of Gui'an County, Huzhou, Zhejiang)
During the Daoguang years
During the reign of Mu Zhang'a during the Daoguang Dynasty, the science field chose to emphasize the law rather than the actual study, and the history books of examiner fraud and candidate cheating were endless, and the corrupt rule of Mu Zhang'a and his forces further accelerated the decline of the imperial examination system in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
Thirty Years of Daoguang (1850): Lu Zengxiang
(1815-1882, Taicang, Jiangsu)
Twenty-four years of Daoguang
(1844): Sun Yugui (from Jining, Shandong)
Daoguang Sixteenth Year (1836): Lin Hongnian
(1805-1885, a native of Houguan County, Fuzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province)
Daoguang Ix (1829): Li Zhenjun
(1794-1839, Taihu County, Anqing Province, Anhui Province)
Daoguang II (1822): Dai Lanfen
(1781-1833, ancestral home of Xiuning County, Huizhou Prefecture, Anhui Province, sent to Tianchang County, Anhui)
During the Xianfeng period
Xianfeng Decade (1860): Zhong Junsheng
(Renhe County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang)
Xianfeng 6th year (1856): Weng Tonggong
(From Changshu County, Suzhou Province, Jiangsu Province)
Xianfeng Iii (1853): Sun Ruwei
(From Jining Prefecture, Shandong)
Xianfeng II (1852): Zhang Feng
(1820-1875, yin county, Ningbo, Zhejiang)
During the Tongzhi period
Seven years of Tongzhi (1868): Hong Jun
(1839-1893, a native of Wu County, Suzhou Province, Jiangsu Province)
Tongzhi 4th year (1865): Chongqi
(?-1900, originally a Mongolian Zhenglan banner person, later changed to Manchurian yellow flag)
Tongzhi II (1863): Weng Zengyuan
(1834-1887, from Changshu County, Suzhou Province, Jiangsu Province)
During the Guangxu period
The Qing Dynasty was abolished by the Guangxu Emperor, who said: "That is, from the beginning of the Bingwu Branch, all township examinations have been stopped, and the examinations for the provincial grades have also been stopped. ”
Thirty Years of Guangxu (1904): Liu Chunlin
(1872-1944, from Suning County, Hebei Province)
Guangxu Twenty-Ninth Year (1903): Wang Shoupeng
(From Weixian County, Shandong)
Guangxu Twenty-first Year (1895): Luo Chengjun
(From Zizhong County, Sichuan Province)
Guangxu 9th Year (1883): Chen Mian
(1859-1893, ancestral home of Shanyin County, Shaoxing Province, Zhejiang,
Sent to Wanping County, Suncheon Province (present-day Beijing))
Guangxu 6th year (1880): Huang Siyong
(1842-1914, ancestral home of Xiuning County, Huizhou, Anhui,
Sent to Jiangning County, Jiangning Province, Jiangsu Province (now Nanjing City)
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