Living in Longyan, a forest city with excellent ecology and surrounded by mountains and rivers, the four seasons are like spring, accompanied by flowers and birds. So, do you know anything about the ecology of Longyan? What are the common birds that Longyan is home to? Continue to popularize science for you~
【How much do longyan birds know】
The fourth issue of the series of popular science
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Plover (héng) order
Aegis (yù) family
Black-winged sandpiper
Photo by Zhang Min▲
The black-winged sandpiper (scientific name: Himantopus mexicanus) is a slender black-and-white wading bird. The body length is about 37 cm. It is characterized by a slender black mouth, black wings, long red legs, and white body feathers. The nape of the neck has black patches. The juveniles are thicker brown and have ash on the top of their heads and the back of their necks. Its natural habitats are lakes , shallow ponds , and swamps in open plain meadows. The non-breeding period also occurs in river shoals, rice paddies, fish ponds and freshwater or brine ponds and swamps near the coast. They often move alone, in pairs, or in small groups in shallow water or on swampy grounds, feeding mainly on mollusks, shrimp, crustaceans, link animals, insects, insect larvae, and animal foods such as small fish and tadpoles. The breeding period is from May to July, and 4 eggs are laid per clutch. It is found in the Americas.
Lycaenidae
Common swallow plover
The common bird Plover (scientific name: Glareola maldivarum) is a small waterside bird with a body length of 20 to 28 cm. The mouth is short, the base is wider, and the tip is narrower and curved downwards. The wingtips are long. The tail is black and forked. Summer feather upper body tea brown, waist white. The throat is milky yellow with a black outer edge. The cheeks, neck, and chest are yellowish brown, and the abdomen is white. The underwing coverts are brownish red and are highly noticeable when flying. The mouth is black and the base is red. Winter feathers are similar to summer feathers, but there is no red at the base of the mouth, the throat spots are light brown, the outer edges are darker, and there is no white margin inside. The flying and perching posture is very similar to that of a house swallow. Similar species of grey swallow plover are significantly smaller in size, with a paler, grey upperpart, a shallow forked tail and no throat spots. The underwing coverts are not brownish red but black, with a prominent white wing trailing edge that is easily distinguishable when flying or perching.
Plover family
Crested wheat chicken (scientific name: Vanellus vanellus): Medium-sized wading bird, body length 29-34 cm. The top of the head has slender, slightly curved black crown feathers, which resemble the corners protruding from the top of the head, which are very eye-catching. The nostrils are linear and located in the nasal grooves. The length of the nasal groove is more than half the length of the mouth. The wings are round. The taddle is slender and the lower part of the shin is also naked. The middle toe is the longest, with or without webbing between the toes, and the posterior toes are small or degenerate. The wing tip is long, the first primary flight feather is degenerate, narrow, very short, and the second primary flight feather is longer or equally long than the third. Level 3 feather specialty. The caudal shape is short and rounded, and the tail feathers are 12 pieces.
Photo by Liu Hui▲
The grey-headed wheat chicken (scientific name: Microsarcops cinreus) is about 35 cm long. Summer feathers have a tan upperparts , a grey head and neck , and a yellowish eye area and eye area. The wingtips are black and the inner flight feathers are white. The tail is white with a broad black end spot. The throat and upper thorax are grey, the thorax has a black band, and the lower abdomen and abdomen are white. Winter feathers resemble summer feathers, but the head and chest bands are brown. It is found in open areas near the water and feeds on earthworms, insects, snails, etc. It is found in Eurasia and northern Africa, the Indochina Peninsula, and the Pacific Islands. China breeds in the northeast region and Jiangsu and Fujian, and winters in Guangdong and Yunnan.
Golden Spotted Plover (female) Golden Spotted Plover (male) Liu Hui Photo ▲
It inhabits farmland, ponds, swamps and open grasslands near river banks, feeding on plant seeds, shoots, mollusks and crustacean brown insects. This species has been included in the "List of Terrestrial Wild Animals Protected by the State or of Important Economic and Scientific Research Value" issued by the State Forestry Administration on August 1, 2000.
The golden plover ( Charadrius dubius ) is a small bird of the family Plover family , about 16 cm long , with a sandy brown upper body and a white lower body. There is a pronounced white collar with a pronounced black collar underneath, and the white spots behind the eyes extend backwards to the top of the head. Moving individually or in pairs, they walk very fast, often foraging as they walk, accompanied by a monotonous and delicate call. Usually rush for a distance, stop slightly, and then walk forward again.
Charadrius alexandrinus (scientific name) is about 16 cm long. It is a small and medium-sized wading bird. The colour of the feathers is grey-brown and often varies with season and age. The taddle is slender and the lower part of the shin is also naked. The middle toe is the longest, with or without webbing between the toes, and the posterior toes are small or degenerate. The wing tip is long, the first primary flight feather is degenerate, narrow, very short, and the second primary flight feather is longer or equally long than the third. Level 3 feather specialty. The caudal shape is short and rounded, and the tail feathers are 12 pieces. It is a migratory bird with extremely strong flight ability. They usually migrate along coastlines and rivers. The living environment is mostly related to wetlands and cannot be separated from water.
Sandpiper family
Huang Pinghui photo ▲
The pintail sand cone (Latin name: Gallinago stenura) is a species of sand cone in the genus Sand cone Chinese common names as sand pheasant, pintail sandpiper, and pintail water cone. The iris is black brown, the mouth is slender and straight, the tip is slightly curved; the tip of the mouth is black brown, the base is yellow-green or yellow, the tarsal and toes are yellowish green or gray-green, and the claws are black. Alarms often emit nasal wheezing sounds like-squak-squak. They often form small groups, inhabit swamps, rice fields, and grasslands, and often eat food in mud, and are often encountered in rice fields (especially after harvesting). The color of the feathers is mixed with weeds, and it is not easy to find, and it often suddenly flies up from under the feet. In China, it is partly a summer migratory bird, some winter migratory birds, and in most areas it is a traveling bird. Spring is from April to May, and autumn is from September to October to china.
The fan-tailed sand cone (Latin name: Gallinago gallinago) The type origin of this species is in Sweden. Taiwan is called the Sandpiper. The total length is about 27 cm. The dorsal and shoulder feathers are brown with black-brown markings, the feather margins are creamy yellow, forming distinct shoulder straps; the crown stripes and eyebrow lines on the top of the head are creamy yellow or yellowish white, the lateral lines of the head and the eye lines are black-brown; and the forebreast is yellowish brown with dark-brown longitudinal spots. The abdomen is greyish white with dark brown transverse spots, the secondary flight feathers have a wide white posterior margin, and the underwing has a wide white transverse stripe.
3) Sandpiper
Qiu Cheng photo ▲
Sandpiper (scientific name: Tringa stagnatilis) The original origin of this species is in Germany. The total length is about 23 cm. The upperparts are greyish brown , the waist and lower back are white , and the tail feathers have black-brown transverse spots. The foreeck and thorax have fine longitudinal stripes of black brown and a white forehead. The underparts are white. The iris is dark brown, the mouth is long, quite slender, straight and pointed. The color is black, the base is greenish gray, the feet are slender, dark gray-green or yellow-green. The call is a repetitive tu-ee-u. In winter, it is often heard that the repeated kiu sound resembles a blue-footed sandpiper, but it is turned up. It inhabits riverbanks or swampy meadows and feeds on small vertebrates. In China, it is a traveling bird, and some are summer migratory birds and winter migratory birds. In the spring, they moved to the northeast to breed in early April to early May, and in the autumn they left the breeding grounds and migrated south.
3) Blue-footed sandpiper
The blue-footed sandpiper ( scientific name : Tringa nebularia ) is a bird of the family Ploveridae. Body length 30-35 cm, wingspan 53-60 cm, weight 140-270 g, lifespan 12 years. The upperparts are greyish-black with black axial spots and white feathers. The underparts are white with black longitudinal spots on the foreeck and thorax. The mouth is slightly upturned, and the legs are nearly green. The foot sticks out of the tail end very long when flying. It inhabits lakes, rivers, ponds and swamps in tundra forests and subalpine beech dwarf forests, feeding on shrimp, crabs, small fish, snails, aquatic insects and insect larvae. They often waded alone or in pairs in shallow waters at the water's edge to forage, sometimes in deep waters that were belly-deep.
4) White-rumped sandpiper
The white-rumped sandpiper (scientific name: Tringa ochropus) is a small wading bird with a body length of 20–24 cm and is a black-and-white inland waterside bird. In summer, the upperparts are dark brown with white spots. The waist and tail are white, and the tail has black transverse spots. The underparts are white and the thorax has dark brown longitudinal stripes. The white eyebrow print is limited to the eye front, connects to the white eye circumference, and is extremely prominent on the dark head. In winter, the color is grayer, and the longitudinal stripes on the chest are not obvious, which is light brown. When flying, the upper and lower wings are black, and the waist and abdomen are white, which is easily recognizable. It inhabits lakes, rivers, swamps and ponds in mountain or plain forests at altitudes of about 3000 meters.
5) Forest sandpiper
The sandpiper (scientific name: Tringa glareola) is about 20 cm long, slightly small, slender, brownish gray, with a white belly and hips, and a white waist. The upperparts are greyish brown and very spotted; the eyebrow lines are long and white; the tail is white with brown transverse spots. The transverse spots on the tail, the white waist and lower wings, and the absence of horizontal stripes on the wings are characteristic. The foot is far behind the tail. It is distinguished from the white-waisted sandpiper in that it has long legs, a darker yellow color, a lighter underwing color, long eyebrow lines, and a slender shape.
6) Sandpiper
The Sandpiper (scientific name: Actitis hypoleucos) is a small sandpiper with a body length of 16–22 cm. The mouth and feet are short, the mouth is dark brown, and the feet are light yellowish brown with white eyebrow lines and black eye lines. The upper body is black brown, the lower body is white, and extends along the side of the chest to the back, the wings form a significant white spot in front of the wing angle when folded, the white transverse spots on both sides of the tail and the wide white wing bands on the wings are obviously visible when flying, the two wings are fanned downwards in the flying posture, the body is bowed, and the head and tail are not stopped when standing. It inhabits the banks of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and nearby coasts, estuaries, and nearby swampy wetlands along low hills and foothill plains.
7) Long-toed sandpiper
Photo by Liu Hui▲
The long-toed sandpiper (Latin scientific name: Calidris subminuta) has a dark brown crown on the top of its head with bright brown longitudinal stripes. Has a wide white eyebrow pattern. The three-degree feathers are black with maroon and white feathers. The upper wings are covered with brown feathers and the margins are pale yellow. The underparts are white , the thorax is yellow , with brown longitudinal stripes , especially on the sides. The iris is dark brown , the mouth is black , and the base of the lower mouth is usually embellished with brown or yellowish-green. The feet and toes are brownish yellow, yellowish green or green, and sometimes pale orange-yellow. The toes are longer and significantly longer than other sandpipers. The length of the middle toe is often significantly longer than the mouth. Gentle prit and chirrup calls. In China, it is mainly a tourist bird, and in other regions it is a winter migratory bird. Spring is from April to May, and autumn is from September to October to china. The species population is not widespread and is one of the main species protections in the country.
8) Sharp-tailed sandpiper
The sharp-tailed sandpiper (scientific name: Calidris acuminata) is one of the larger species of sandpipers, with a body length of 19 cm, which is very similar to the spot-breasted sandpiper. Eyebrow lines are white. During the breeding season, the crown of the head is maroon; the upper body is dark brown, and the feathers are stained maroon, yellowish brown or light brownish white. The chin and throat are white with pale blackish brown spots, the thorax is light brown with dark markings, and the markings on the lower chest and two flanks become thick arrow-shaped spots. The abdomen is white. Wedge tail. The legs are grayish green. The breeding season mainly inhabits the Siberian tundra plains, especially lakes, ponds, stream banks and nearby swamps with sparse willows and tundra plants.
Gullaceae
1) Red-billed gulls
The red-billed gull (scientific name: Larus ridibundus), commonly known as the water pigeon, has a body shape and coat color similar to that of a pigeon, with a body length of 37-43 cm, a wingspan of 94-105 cm, a weight of 225-350 g, and a lifespan of 32 years. The mouth and feet are red , most of the body feathers are white , and the tail feathers are black.
2) White-winged floating gulls
White-winged floating gulls (Latin: Chlidonias leucopterus) are small to large waterfowl. The mouth is small or quite large, straight, medium or quite long, the upper and lower mouths are equally long or the upper mouth is longer, and the apex is more curved and hook-shaped. The nostrils are bare and linear or oval. The wings are long and pointed, with the 1st or 2nd primary flight feathers being the longest and exceeding the caudal end when folded. The tail is medium to long, with a square tail, round tail or deep fork, and 12 tail feathers. The feet are very short to medium in length, with webbed inter-toed toes, small or degenerate hind toes, and high positions. Typical coats are grey and white , with black at the ends of the wings , some species are all white , others are white and the upper body is black or predominantly dark grey or black.
(Text/Yuan Yongliang Editor/Zhang Chengeng)