"Impression Xunhan" Sanmenxia top ten specialties - Lu's black fungus

Lu's fungus, commonly known as Lu's black fungus, is our national geographical indication product, which has been widely praised at home and abroad.

Lu's black fungus is a saprophytic euphyllum plant, which is extremely nutritious. According to the < Records of Rites> records and annotations by the Han scholar Zheng Xuan, as well as the > of Chen Hao's < Ritual Records of the Song Dynasty, all prove that the black fungus was a unique product for emperors in ancient times.

Black fungus is one of the famous edible mushrooms, which is high in nutritional value and is rich in protein, sugar and minerals. Among them, the content of iron is as high as 185 mg per 100 grams, contains a large number of carbohydrates, about 10% protein, fat, fiber, iron, calcium, phosphorus, carotene, vitamins B1, B2 and C and other effective nutrients.

According to laboratory analysis, each 100 grams of black fungus contains 375 mg of calcium, which is equivalent to 7 times that of crucian carp, and 185 mg of iron, which is equivalent to 70 times that of crucian carp. It is unmatched by other foods. Not only is it a delicious dish, but it also has a variety of medicinal value and is a precious medicinal herb. Li Shizhen, a famous physician of the Ming Dynasty, recorded in the < Materia Medica > that the fungus was "sexually ganping, the main treatment of qi is not hungry", etc., and modern medical research has also found that black fungus can reduce blood clots and alleviate coronary atherosclerosis. The polysaccharides contained in black fungus are acidic isoglycans, which have the effect of anti-cancer and treatment of diseases such as hypertension and fundus hemorrhage. It is reported that the villi on the back of the fungus are rich in anti-cancer active substances. In medical treatment, black fungus tastes sweet and flat, has the functions of nourishing, stomach, blood, dryness, lung clearance, excretion, and is a very ideal health food for mining, metallurgy, textile and barber workers.

Lu's black fungus characteristics

Black fungus is mainly produced in Lushi County, with an annual output of 150,000 to 200,000 kilograms. Lu's black wood ears are large and thick, good quality, and are known as "black peony". In 1979, Shaanxi Hanzhong National Black Fungus Quality Appraisal Conference ranked first in the country, and it has also been well-known in the world. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), he won a gold medal at the World Commodities Competition in San Francisco, USA. Lu's fungus from 1963 began to buy and export, the highest annual export volume of 105 tons, mainly sold to Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Malaysia and other places, Lu's green source specialty Co., Ltd. has become an important sales window of Lu's black fungus, promoting Lu's black fungus to go home and abroad.

Edible value of black fungus

Effects on the blood system

(1) Anticoagulant effect 300% fungus decoction 1ml/100g gastric filling, continuous for 20 days, experimental results show that fungus can extend the thromboplastin time of white clay part by 12.06s

Black fungus falls to the ground, improves plasma antithrombin III activity, has a significant anticoagulant effect. Black fungus polysaccharide 50 mg/kg was given intravenously and intraperitoneally to mice

Ejaculation and gastric filling have obvious anticoagulant effects; in in vitro experiments, black fungus polysaccharides also have strong anticoagulant activity.

(2) Anti-platelet aggregation The phosphate-buffered saline extract of black fungus significantly inhibits platelet aggregation caused by ADP in the test tube, and blocks the release of platelets less than 16 μmol/L by activating platelets to release serotonin, and the active ingredient of antiplatelet action of black fungus is water-soluble. A decrease in platelet function begins to occur within 3 hours after oral administration of 70 g of black fungus and lasts for 24 hours. Fungus mycelial acid extract in vivo (rat intravenous injection 10 g/kg or gastric lavage 10 g/kg for 15 days), in vitro (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg (mycelium)/ml) can significantly inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rats. Alcohol extract 5g/kg, 7g/kg gastric filling, a total of 15d, can significantly shorten the time of erythrocyte electrophoresis. The results of the intraperitoneal injection experiment of black fungus acid heteropolysaccharide mice showed that the polysaccharide had the effect of promoting the increase of white blood cells, anticoagulation and reducing platelets, and its activity increased with the decrease of polysaccharide molecular weight and glucuronic acid content, that is, biological activity depended on the solubility of polysaccharides in water.

(3) Anti-thrombosis Rabbit oral fungus polysaccharide 18.5mg/kg can significantly prolong the formation time of specific thrombosis and fibrin thrombosis, shorten the length of thrombosis, reduce the wet and dry weight of thrombus, reduce the number of platelets, reduce platelet adhesion rate and blood viscosity, and can significantly shorten the lysis time of guinea pig euglobulin, reduce plasma fibrinogen content, increase plasmin activity, and the results show that fungus polysaccharide has obvious antithrombotic effect.

(4) L leukocyte effect Mouse intraperitoneal injection of black fungus polysaccharide 2mg/only for 7 days, has a good effect on the decline of white blood cells caused by cyclophosphamide.

Promotes immune function

Black fungus polysaccharides can increase the spleen index, half of the hemolysis value (HC50) and rosette formation rate in mice, and promote macrophage phagocytic function and lymphocyte transformation. Fungus mycelium 250mg/kg, continuous intraperitoneal injection of mice for 7d can significantly increase the percentage of peripheral blood T lymphocytes; 400mg/kg,

800 mg/kg subcutaneous injection for a total of 7 days, so that half of the hemolytic values caused by cyclophosphamide HC50 decreased to normal.

Effects on nucleic acids

Black fungus polysaccharide 100 μg has a significant role in promoting human lymphocyte DNA and ribonucleic acid synthesis. Black fungus polysaccharides were injected into the intraperitoneal cavity of mice for 4 consecutive 4 days, which had a weak promoting effect on the incorporation of 3H leucine into the serum protein of mice.

Lipid-lowering effect

Fungus decoction of 30g/kg, continuous irrigation for 20d, fungus polysaccharide 28mg/kg, and continuous administration for 8 days can significantly reduce the serum triglyceride (triglyceride) and serum total cholesterol (TC) content in hyperlipidemia rats, improve the ratio of serum hdL lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to total cholesterol, and have a cholesterol-lowering effect. Fungus polysaccharide 180 mg/kg is administered to prevent the formation of hypercholesterolemia in mice caused by high cholesterol. At the same time of feeding cholesterol every day, adding 2.5g/90 days of black fungus, which reduces the content of rabbit plasma cholesterol, lipid peroxide (LPO), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), improves the ratio of prostacyclin /thromboxane A2 (PGI2/TXA2), and reduces the effect of atherosclerosis.

Anti-aging effect

Daily 2.5g/ rabbit black fungus, a total of 90d, can reduce the role of atherosclerotic rabbit oxygen free radicals, liver, heart, brain tissue lipid, plasma peroxidated lipids, plasma cholesterol content and reduce atherosclerotic lesions. Suggests that black fungus may reduce plasma cholesterol and reduce the formation of lipid peroxide product lipofuscin to maintain normal metabolism of cells, showing a delaying effect on aging. By chemiluminescence analysis, 50 μl, 800 μl and 1000 μl of 2.5% black fungus aqueous extract had a scavenging effect on H2O2 or superoxide free radicals (O-2) produced by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, and there was a quantitative-potency relationship between scavenging ability and dosage, suggesting that the aqueous extract of black fungus contained antioxidant components. Black fungus polysaccharide 100mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, continuous for 7 days, can prolong the average swimming time of mice in water by 50.40%, which has the ability to enhance the anti-fatigue of mice; it can also significantly reduce the lipophoid content of mouse myocardial tissue; can significantly increase the specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mouse brain and liver tissue; has a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the isolated brain of mice, and the inhibition intensity is strengthened with the increase of concentration, and can increase the flying ability of drosophila. Black fungus polysaccharide can significantly extend the average lifespan of drosophila, which is 1.26 times that of the control group, and the lipid brown matter content of drosophila is reduced after oral administration of black fungus polysaccharide for 40 days.

Anti-radiation and anti-inflammatory effect

Mice intraperitoneal injection of fungus polysaccharide 100mg/kg, continuous 7 days on 60 Coγ radiation irradiation has antagonistic effect, so that the survival rate of mice increased by 1.56 times, intraperitoneal injection of 60mg / only, the rat by egg white caused by the tarsal swelling has a certain anti-inflammatory effect.

Anti-ulcer effect

Black fungus polysaccharides can significantly inhibit the formation of stress ulcers in rats with 70mg/kg per day for 2 days, and gastric irrigation at 165mg/kg per day for 12 days, which can promote the healing of acetic acid gastric ulcers and have no significant effect on gastric acid secretion and pepsin activity.

Hypoglycemic effect

Fungus polysaccharide 33mg/kg or 100mg/kg gastric filling can significantly reduce the blood glucose level of tetraoxypyrimidine diabetic mice, and the hypoglycemic effect is the most significant after 4 to 7 hours after oral polysaccharide; it can also reduce the amount of water consumed in diabetic mice.

Anti-fertility effect

Black fungus polysaccharide 8.25mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally into mice, and the anti-implantation and anti-early pregnancy effects were the most obvious, and the effect of terminating the second trimester pregnancy was slightly worse, but it was ineffective for the transport of pregnant eggs.

Anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic effect

The inhibition rate of fungus hot water extract on sarcoma S180 in Swiss mice was 42.5%-70%, and the inhibition rate on Ascites carcinoma of Ehrli was 80%. Black fungus polysaccharide 200mg/(kg·d) for 10 consecutive days has anticyclic phosphorus

Effect of amides on the increase in the rate of bone marrow micronucleus in mice.

Antibacterial effect

The black stingerin isolated in the fungus has an antifungal effect.

toxicity

The LD50 injected intraperitoneally in black fungus polysaccharide mice was 789.60± 92.19 mg/kg.

Suitable for people

It can be consumed by the general population.

1. Suitable for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and stone diseases, especially suitable for iron deficiency people, miners, metallurgists, weavers, barbers;

2. People with bleeding disorders and diarrhea should not eat or eat less;