Thank you for coming in, don't think about crooked, black fungus is a nutritious edible mushroom that we often eat, and it is also a traditional health food and export commodity in China. Its aliases are many, because it grows on rotten wood, its shape resembles a human ear, so it is called wood ear; it is also like a moth butterfly Yuli, also known as a wood moth; because its taste is like chicken delicious, it is also known as a tree chicken, a wooden machine (ancient Nanchu people call chicken as a machine): heavy petals of wood ear inlay each other on the tree, like a piece of floating cloud, and also known as cloud ear.
There are two main types of fungus that people often eat: one is a smooth ventral surface, black color, and the back of the hairy gray or gray-brown, called wool fungus (commonly known as wild fungus); the other is smooth on both sides, black brown, translucent, called light fungus. Woolwood ears are large, but the texture is coarse, not easy to chew, the taste is not good, and the price is low. Light wood ear is soft and fresh, smooth and refreshing, rich in nutrients, and is a kind of artificial mass cultivation.
Artificial cultivation of black fungus originated in China around 600 AD, and is the first edible mushroom variety cultivated in the world, cutting flowers with logs and planting black fungus. The cultivation method of black fungus is mainly divided into two types: segment wood cultivation and plastic bag substitute cultivation. Today, Brother Nongfu will introduce you to the technology of cultivating black fungus in Duanmu to learn. The cultivation technology of Duanmu black fungus is mainly based on seed production, cultivation site selection, ear wood preparation, inoculation, colonization management, scattered pile yard, ear management and other aspects.
1. Seed preparation
There are sawdust strains and branch strains, the former is formulated with sawdust and wheat bran to make a culture medium; the latter is cut into 1.5 cm long with branches with a diameter of 1 cm, adding sucrose, rice bran and other nutrients, autoclaved after bottling, access to the mother seed, cultured at 25 ~ 28 °C for 1 month, the hyphae can grow full of bottles.
2. Selection of cultivation site
The site for cultivating black fungus should choose a leeward sun at an altitude of less than 1000 meters, with a long light time, less shade, relatively warm, a small temperature difference between day and night, a large humidity, and an ear tree resource rich, close to the water source as well.
After the site is selected, it is necessary to clean up, first remove the weeds, dead branches and leaves, open the drainage ditch, and sprinkle lime and spray predators on the ground for sterilization and insecticide.
3. Earwood preparation
There are many kinds of ear trees that cultivate black fungus, and all tree species that can cultivate shiitake mushrooms can be used to cultivate black fungus. The main selection is the selection of species of the shell bucket family, birch family, such as hemp oak, cork oak, quercus quercus, white oak, rice maple, fahrenheit oak, etc.; in addition, maple poplar, maple incense, elm, locust tree, willow tree, mulberry tree, plane tree, banyan tree, etc. are also commonly used tree species in the production area. The tree-cutting period is from the time the tree goes into hibernation until before the new shoots germinate. The age of the tree is 8 to 10 years old. The tree diameter is 10 to 14 cm as well. Cut down the tree and go to the tops. Shaved branches, according to cutting into 1 to 1.2 meters of segments of wood. The sawn wood is sunned in a high, dry, ventilated and sunny place so that it can ferment as soon as possible. Turn it every 10 days or so to make the wood dry evenly. Generally, the rack is dried for 30 to 40 days, and 70% or 80% of the trees are dried, and they can be vaccinated. If the tree is infected with bacteria and pests, it can be smoked with thatch or branches before inoculation, until the epidermis becomes black, which can not only remove diseases and insects, but also enhance the heat absorption and water absorption performance of the bark, which is conducive to the growth of black fungus hyphae.
4. Inoculation
Artificial inoculation is the key process for the success or failure of cultivating black fungus, and it is also the biggest feature of the new method of cultivation. The inoculation time is generally stable at a temperature of more than 15 °C, which is conducive to the growth of black fungus hyphae. The specific time varies depending on the climatic conditions in each region, and the southern provinces are about March and April. Appropriate early vaccination is conducive to early bacteria and early ear emergence, while early inoculation has a low temperature, which can reduce the infection of weeds and pests. Before inoculation, the surface of the wood is washed, and then put in the sun for 2 to 3 hours before setting aside. Commonly used species of wood chips, twigs and wedge-shaped woodblocks are used for manual inoculation. For receiving wood chips and twig strains, it is necessary to use an electric drill or a belt with a diameter of 11 to 12 mm to punch holes and drill 15 to 2 cm. Generally, the distance between longitudinal seed holes is 10 to 12 cm, and the distance between transverse seed holes is 4 to 6 cm. If properly densely planted, the distance between longitudinal seed holes is shortened to 6 to 7 cm, which is conducive to germination and increasing yield. The holes of the rows intersect with the wrong glyph or plum blossom arrangement. Wood chips are stuffed with holes, plus a bark cover 2 mm larger than the diameter of the inoculation hole, and the cover is flat and tight to prevent the species from drying out. For the planting of tree branches, the planting wood should be flat with the ear wood. Burrowing, inoculation, cover, etc. should be continuously operated to maintain the original humidity of the inoculation hole, strain and bark cover, which is conducive to the survival of the strain. For the use of wedge-shaped wood mass strains, it is necessary to use an inoculation axe or carpentry chisel, cut the inoculation port on the section of wood into a depth of 45 ° angle and 2 cm deep, and then use a small iron hammer to beat the wedge-shaped wood block strain into the inoculation port, hammer tightly and flat.
5. Colonization management
After inoculation, in order to maintain a high temperature, humidity and sufficient air to promote the early emergence and early colonization of fungus in the earwood and improve the survival rate, the earwood must be piled up. The method is to inoculate the earwood, arranged into a "well" shaped frame, stacked in layers into a small pile of one meter high, hanging dry and wet thermometers in the pile, surrounded by a film covered tightly, the stack temperature is controlled between 22 ~ 28 ° C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at about 80%, and the gap between the earwoods should be left 5 to 6 cm to facilitate good ventilation. After the pile is piled up, turn the pile every 6 to 7 days, and change the position of the earwood up and down, left and right, inside and outside, so that the temperature and humidity are consistent and the whitening is uniform. If the earwood is dry, it can be adjusted with water spray, and the bark is slightly dried before covering the plastic film. When the temperature is high, every 3 to 5 days at noon to open the film ventilation, and combined with water spray cooling. Generally after 3 to 4 weeks of stacking, the mycelium of the black fungus has grown into the earwood, and it can be scattered.
6. Scattered piles
The scattering of the pomp is the continuation of the upper pile, with the purpose of spreading the hyphae deep into the earwood and rapidly moving from the growth stage to the developmental stage. The site of the pomp is required to be sunny and damp, and has proper shade, and the earwood is laid flat on the ground with short grass. If it is a dirt field, a small wooden pole should be placed horizontally, and then the earwood should be placed on the crossbar one by one, and each earwood should be separated by 6 to 8 centimeters. This is not only conducive to absorbing the moisture on the ground, accepting sunshine and rain and fresh air, promoting the growth of ear buds, but also avoiding all the earwood sticking to the ground, resulting in excessive wetness, stuffy bacteria and soil splashing earwood. In the pomp stage, every 10 days or so, the earwood should be turned over, the blowout water regulates the humidity, and after more than a month, the ear buds can be erected in large quantities.
7, Ear control
Moisture management
Earwood has reached the height of summer after the rack, the temperature is high, the weather is dry, it is necessary to use automatic sprinkler irrigation in time to spray water, requiring long spray fine spray, earwood absorbs enough water to promote the occurrence of ear buds. Spray more water during the growth of ear pieces, spray more in the dry and high temperature season, spray less on cloudy days, do not spray during the rest period of the fungus, and spray water should be carried out in the morning and evening.
Ear sunning and post-ear management
After about 1 week of water spray management, such as the shield to the ear piece flattening, the ear root thinning, the color becomes lighter, the ear wood flutters, and when there is dew in the morning, it is timely harvested, hold the ear base, and rotate left and right. Spring and autumn ears should be large and small, the ear is prone to diseases and insect pests due to high temperature and cause rotten ear flow, must be the size of the ear together, the fungus should be immediately spread on the mat in a sunny, well-ventilated place to dry. After each stubble, the water spray should be stopped for 3-5 days or more, promote the growth of the hyphae to the depths, and then spray water management, only in this way dry and wet alternate, is conducive to hyphal growth, nutrient accumulation, ear bud occurrence, high yield and high quality.
Nutritional composition
The nutritional composition of black fungus, according to modern scientific analysis, contains 10.6 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 65 grams of carbohydrates, 7 grams of crude fiber, 375 mg of calcium, 201 mg of phosphorus, 185 mg of iron, in addition to vitamin B1 0.15 mg, vitamin B2 0.55 mg, niacin 2.7 mg. Therefore, black fungus has always been loved by the majority of the people, often used as an ingredient for cooking various Chinese and Western famous dishes, or stewed with red dates and lotus seeds with sugar, as a beautiful snack suitable for all seasons, not only crisp and delicious, smooth and tender throat, but also has the effect of increasing appetite and nourishing the body. Black fungus has a certain adsorption capacity; it has the effect of cleaning the gastrointestinal tract and digesting cellulose on the human body. Therefore, it is also an indispensable health food for textile workers, mine workers and barbers.
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