In the Korean battlefield in 1953, Zhang Zuyu came up with a bold plan to lurk more than 3,000 people under his nose, but such a bold, adventurous person was not a reckless person, but a Confucian general.
"Be loyal to the Party and the people,
Wisdom and courage double Full Confucian will be the wind.
Unfortunately, he died in middle age,
All over East China mourn the heroes. ”
This is a eulogy poem published in the "People's Front" newspaper of the Nanjing Military Region after Zhang Zuyu's death in 1961, in which "Wisdom and Courage Double Confucianism general wind" is the most comprehensive description of Zhang Zuyu.
General Zhang Zuyu's education level is not very high, in 1911 he was born in the Dabie Mountains of Shiqiao District, Shangcheng District, Henan, only at the age of 9 to 12 years old to study in private school for 3 years, he dropped out of school to work as a farmer, but such a person, but he was called "Confucian General".
In 1930, he joined the Young Pioneers of the Red Guards and served as a political instructor, a political propagandist of the Red 31st Army and an officer of the Political Department of the 93rd Division during the Long March. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he successively served as the chief of the 386th Brigade's Hoe rape section, the acting political commissar of the regiment, the director of the brigade's political department, and the political commissar.
In 1942, Zhang Zuyu served as the director of the political department of the 386th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army, when his newly married wife Wang Hua served as a cultural instructor in the Propaganda Department of the Brigade's political department.
Wang Hua, born in 1921 in Huguan, Shanxi, participated in anti-Japanese activities in 1936, participated in the revolution in 1938, joined the Communist Party of China in 1940, married Zhang Zuyu on May 30, 1942, died in Nanjing in 2015, and was buried with Zhang Zuyu in Nanjing Yuhuatai Gongde Garden.
Once, Wang Hua went to the brigade artillery company to give a cultural lesson and told everyone about class and class struggle, and the soldiers of the artillery company had a higher level of education than the soldiers of the infantry company, some of them were young and some of them were young and tall, and the soldiers were also particularly fond of using their brains and thinking about problems.
At that time, the soldiers sat neatly on the ground, listening attentively to the lectures of the female teachers, some of whom took notes in small notebooks, and when Wang Hua talked about the exploitation of workers by capitalists, he said an idiom "hoarding and juqi".
At this time, a soldier raised his hand and asked, "Ask the instructor to talk about what is called 'hoarding.'" ”
For this question, Wang Hua was not prepared in advance, so he did not know how to answer, some of his siblings were at a loss, and suddenly a large bead of sweat fell. At this time, Wang Liangjun, the company instructor who was next to him, immediately let the class end, saying that he would talk about it next time.
Wang Hua felt ashamed and embarrassed that she had lost her face in front of the soldiers, and when she left the artillery company, she went all the way and cried all the way.
Back at the residence, Zhang Zuyu was sitting at a small table outside the door reading the information, and as soon as he saw That Wang Hua returning with tears in his eyes, he joked: "How can it rain on a sunny day today?" ”
Who thought of Wang Hua but said, "I will never go to the artillery company again!" ”
Zhang Zuyu hurriedly asked what was going on.
Wang Hua immediately explained to Zhang Zuyi what he had encountered in the artillery company. After patiently listening to What Wang Hua said, Zhang Zuyu patiently enlightened: "Everything is exercised, and people are not born to know, but to learn and know." ”
After a moment's hesitation, Zhang Zuyu said: "Lectures should be carefully prepared, for each content, they must first figure it out, when the class, some comrades ask questions, do not understand is not understood, to explain clearly to the comrades, you have been in junior high school, you should know Confucius, he is not ashamed to ask!" ”
Zhang Zuyu explained to Wang Hua what is called "hoarding". Zhang Zuyu gave her an example and said, "Don't you landlords in Shanxi still have grain from the Guangxu years?" They just hid the grain and waited until they were short of food to take it out at a high price for huge profits. This is hoarding. ”
Through this popular example, Zhang Zuyu suddenly let Wang Hua understand what is called "hoarding". Wang Hua admired her husband, who was not highly educated but highly educated.
In June and July 1943, Deng Xiaoping, then political commissar of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, came to Zhongtiao Mountain to inspect the base area, passing the 386th Brigade on his return.
In his concluding remarks at the meeting of leading cadres of the brigade, Deng Xiaoping said: "You should learn from Comrade Zhang Zuyu, who has worked diligently and diligently in his work, and who has written investigation reports that carry great weight. ”
In order to implement the superior's "lean army and simplified administration," Zhang Zuyu personally went deep into the three regiments to which he belonged, talked to grass-roots cadres and fighters, listened to cadres' reports, and repeatedly conducted in-depth investigations and repeated verifications.
In May 1949, the 8th Column of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region was reorganized into the 60th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, zhang Zuyu was appointed as the commander of the army, after which he led his troops to the south, liberated Baoji, conquered Jianmen, marched into the southwest, liberated Chengdu, and temporarily stayed in western Sichuan to carry out the struggle against bandits and hegemony.
In November 1950, the 60th Army was ordered to leave Sichuan, and Zhang Zuyu stayed in Sichuan due to physical reasons as the commander of the Chengdu Garrison Headquarters and the deputy commander and commander of the West Sichuan Military Region.
When suppressing bandits in western Sichuan, Zhang Zuyu advocated that "we must immediately carry out the struggle against hegemony" in order to thoroughly eliminate the bandits, combined the suppression of bandits with anti-hegemony, and left behind the 12-character policy of "military strikes, political struggle, and mobilization of the masses." This method of Zhang Zuyu was fully affirmed by Chairman Mao, pointing out: "The experience in western Sichuan is very good, it should be affirmed and popularized, and all districts must follow suit in the fight against bandits." ”
However, the 180th Division of the 60th Army was almost completely destroyed in Korea, becoming a rare fiasco since the founding of the People's Liberation Army, and the bad news spread to China, and Zhang Zuyu did not sleep well all day, and it was difficult to sleep day and night.
In 1952, Zhang Zuyu went to Korea with a delegation from the Southwest Military Region, where Chen Geng and Wang Jinshan briefed him on the losses of the 180th Division and hoped that he could return to his old unit and reorganize the troops. Zhang Zuyu immediately agreed, and soon after returning to China, Zhang Zuyu returned to the 60th Army as a military commander.
In September 1952, Zhang Zuyu, who was going north to Korea, passed through Beijing, and after attending the National Day ceremony, the other guests left Beijing, but he was informed by the General Political Department that he needed to stay, saying that the central leading comrades wanted to see him.
In October 1952, Zhang Zuyu was informed that Chairman Mao Zedong would meet with him at 11 o'clock, and Zhang Zuyu was very happy to hear the news, changed his usual and stable image, hurriedly packed up his clothes, and asked the accompanying staff officers: "Help me see, is the beard shaved clean?" ”
"It was clean! It was clean! The staff officer replied with a smile.
Soon after, Zhang Zuyu took his two young staff officers to Mao Zedong's house in Zhongnanhai. At this time, a secretary came out to greet him, and when he walked to the conference room, he found Mao Zedong waiting for him at the door, which made Zhang Zuyu feel very kind.
Seeing that Zhang Zuyu was coming, Mao Zedong pointed to the sofa and beckoned him to sit down: "Sit, sit casually!" After saying that, I sat down on the sofa next to me.
Mao Zedong first analyzed the two defeats of our army that had a relatively large impact since the founding of the People's Republic of China (one was the Kinmen Operation and the second was the Fifth Battle of Korea), and pointed out the subjective and objective factors of the defeat.
Mao Zedong said: "In addition to some objective reasons for the defeat of the 180th Division, from a subjective point of view, in the Shanxi battlefield, your 60th Army fought well, and the liberation of the Great Northwest and the Great Southwest was also too smooth, and it is a good thing to win the battle smoothly, but at the same time it is also pregnant with some possibilities of failure, that is, it is not prudent and does not take the enemy seriously. ”
The siege of the 180th Division was Wei Jie's responsibility, and Wu Chengde knew that he could not go out the moment he killed the horse
Mao Zedong then turned the topic around, looked at Zhang Zuyu and said, "What to do?" I see that the 180th Division does not have to go to the Northern Wilderness, and the number does not need to be changed, you go a few days late, make up your teeth, and when you arrive in North Korea, let go of your voice and speak louder, mobilize the troops to fight a turnaround battle! ”
Zhang Zuyu took Chairman Mao's concern in mind, and after coming out of Mao Zedong's conference room, he immediately went to the Union Hospital to set up his half tooth.
"If you are not cautious and do not take the enemy seriously, what is there that you cannot lose?" Mao Zedong's words also echoed in his ears, and he also remembered that to win the battle, we must be cautious, cautious, and cautious, and he came to the front of the writing desk and wrote down the 16 big characters of "conscientiousness, caution, trust from top to bottom, unity" as the motto.
Zhang Zuyuhuai, who had carved caution in his bones, came to the Korean battlefield with Chairman Mao's ardent expectations, but in the near future, he adopted a bold, risky plan. Zhang Zuyu of the 60th Army did not want an armistice, and the plan shocked everyone, and 3500 people lurked for 18 hours