Text: Knife and Pen (Author's Original Authorization)
After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei gained a foothold in Jingzhou and quickly began military expansion. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records that at this stage, "the first lord qi was the assassin of Jingzhou, and then marched south to the four counties." Wuling Taishou Jinxuan, Changsha Taishou Han Xuan, Guiyang Taishou Zhao Fan, and Lingling Taishou Liu Du all descended. Correspondingly, the Zizhi Tongjian also records the incident: "(Thirteen years after Jian'an), Liu Bei watched Liu Qi as the assassin of Jingzhou, and led troops to the four counties of Nanlan, Wuling Taishou Jinxuan, Changsha Taishou Han Xuan, Guiyang Taishou Zhao Fan, and Lingling Taishou Liu Du all surrendered. ”
Zhengshi has only a few words about Liu Bei's group's capture of the four counties of Jingnan. Liu Bei's early strength was weak, often sending people under the fence and displacing, and after the Battle of Chibi, it gradually began to have its own territory and armament, and the capture of the four counties of Jingnan was an important step in Liu Bei's expansion in Jingzhou. In this regard, Mr. Luo Guanzhong, the author of the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", on the basis of historical records, depicted the process of Liu Bei's group's capture of the four counties of Jingnan, and also fictionalized and added many plots accordingly.
Only the results of Liu Bei's capture of the four counties of Jingnan are recorded in history, and there is no mention of the decision-making process and specific war process of this military operation. The novel cleverly complements these two parts, especially the course of the war, and the novel takes about a half-turn to narrate (from the fifty-second zhuge liangzhi lu su zhao zilong counting guiyang to the fifty-third time Guan Yun Changyi interpretation Huang Hansheng Sun Zhongmou vs Zhang Wenyuan) to narrate, many of which are familiar stories such as: Guan Yu's battle of Changsha.
In the novel, the idea of capturing the four counties of Jingnan is put forward by Ma Liang, a strategist who has just joined Liu Bei's clique, who points out after seeing Liu Bei: "The land where Jingxiang is attacked on all sides may not be able to hold on for a long time; it can make The prince Liu Qi recuperate here, and summon the old people to defend it, and play the gongzi as the assassin of Jingzhou to reassure the people." Then he marched south to the four counties of Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang, and Lingling, accumulating money and grain, thinking that it was fundamental. This long-term plan also. (Author's note: Whether it is a history or a novel, it does not ignore the details of Liu Bei's cousin Liu Qi as the history of Jingzhou's assassination, Liu Qi was the most orthodox heir to Jingzhou at that time, so Liu Bei's group table Liu Qi as the history of Jingzhou's assassination is a step of wisdom.) Subsequently, Ma Liang pointed out to Liu Bei the order of the capture of the four counties, that is, "the west of the Xiang River, the nearest Ling, can be taken first; the second to take Wuling." Then the east of the Xiang River took Guiyang; Changsha was reared. ”
In the main history, it is not specified who was the person who proposed to capture the four counties of Jingnan (author's note: In the author's opinion, the capture of the four counties of Jingnan was probably decided by the Liu Bei group collectively), nor does it explain the order of the four counties, and the novel arranges it on Ma Liang, who was born in Jingzhou (it is probably Ma Liang, a native of Jingzhou, who is familiar with the situation in Jingzhou), although there is no specific basis but there is no inappropriateness.
According to the arrangement of the novel, Liu Bei's group captured the first target of the four counties of Jingnan, that is, Lingling County. Since this was the first battle of the operation to capture the four counties of Jingnan, Liu Bei personally commanded the army, Accompanied by Zhuge Liang, and Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun all accompanied the expedition. Liu Xian, the son of Liu Du, the Prince of Lingling, was dissatisfied, and immediately led the Lingling general Xing Daorong to confront Liu Bei's army. However, Liu Xian and Jun Xing Daorong naturally had difficulty in defeating Zhuge Liang's plan and Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun's bravery, and after a battle, Xing Daorong was killed, Liu Xian was captured, Liu Du Kaesong surrendered, and Liu Beijun easily took Lingling County.
There is no detailed record of Liu Bei's capture of Lingling in the main history, nor does it mention only the name of Liu Du, the Taishou of Lingling, and does not mention Liu Xian, the son of Liu Du, and the lingling general Xing Daorong. Liu Beijun's plan to behead Xing Daorong and capture Liu Du should be a fictional addition to the plot of the novel.
The second battle in the novel to capture the four counties of Jingnan is the Battle of Guiyang. Before the battle, Zhao Yun and Zhang Fei were castrated in order to compete for the qualification to attack the city, and Zhao Yun immediately led the army to attack Guiyang. Guiyang Taishou Zhao Fan wanted to surrender, but his generals Chen Ying and Bao Long wanted to go out of the city to fight. These two were naturally not Zhao Yun's opponents, and after their defeat, Zhao Fan Kaesong surrendered. After Zhao Fan surrendered, an episode led to zhao fan, that is, Zhao Fan wanted to give his widowed sister-in-law Xu to Zhao Yun, but Zhao Yun resolutely refused.
In the main history, there is no detailed record of the process of capturing Guiyang, but there is a corresponding basis for the episode of Zhao Yun's refusal to marry. Pei Songzhi's note in the "Biography of Zhao Yun in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms" quotes the "Biography of Yun Bei": "(Zhao Yun) from pingjiang south, thought that he was a partial general, led Guiyang Taishou, and represented Zhao Fan. Fan widow's sister-in-law Fan Shi, has a national color, fan wants to match the clouds. Yun Ci said: "With the same surname, Brother Qing is my brother." 'Excuse me. When someone advised Yun Nazhi, Yun Said: "Fan forced his ears to fall, and his heart was unpredictable; there are many women in the world." 'So don't take it.' Fan Guo fled, and Yun Wuxianjie. Unlike the novel, Zhao Fan "fled" after being rejected by Zhao Yun, while in the novel, although Zhao Fan was rejected by Zhao Yun, he was finally appointed by Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang as the Taishou of Guiyang.
Compared with the Pingling Tombs, the Wuling Tombs, and the Changsha, the historical records about Dingguiyang are the richest. In the plot of the novel Ding Guiyang, although Mr. Luo Guanzhong added some details accordingly (such as the Guiyang generals Chen Ying and Bao Long), the setting of his general background was still based on the records of the "Biography of Yun Bei". It can be speculated that in the main history, Zhao Yun most likely led the army to attack Guiyang (there is no record of who commanded the army in the main history of Pinglingling, Wuling, and Changsha, only Ding Guiyang has information to feedback that zhao Yun led the army), and finally replaced the former Taishou Zhao Fan as Guiyang Taishou.
In the novel, compared with the previous Pingling Tombs, Ding Guiyang and later Changsha, the wuling has the least drama. The general who served as the commander on the task of collecting Wuling was Zhang Fei. Zhang Fei was able to successfully capture Wuling because of the help of Gong Zhi under Wuling Taishou. Gong Zhi had persuaded Jin Xuan to surrender to Liu Beijun before Zhang Fei came to the city, but Jin Xuan was furious and wanted to behead Gong Zhi. Later, due to the tight war, Jin spun out of the city but was defeated by Zhang Fei, and when he returned, he was sacrificed by Gong Zhi and was eventually shot by Gong Zhi.
In the novel, Jin Xuan, who is the Taishou of Wuling, is classified as a villain, and both appearance and exit are slightly hasty. However, in the main history, the four Taishou of the four counties of Jingnan, only Jin Xuan has sporadic introductions. Pei Songzhi's commentary on the "Three Kingdoms Chronicle" quotes the "Three Auxiliary Records": "The Golden Spiral Character Yuanji, Jing Zhaoren, the successive Huangmen Lang, Hanyang Taishou, Zhengbai Yilang, Qianzhong Lang General, Lingwuling Taishou, for the sake of the attack and death." Zi Yi, see Wei Wu Benji. Here, there is an obvious contradiction between Pei Songzhi's annotations and the original text of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, namely whether Jin Xuan eventually surrendered to Liu Bei or was killed by Liu Bei. Obviously, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms adopts the theory that Jin Xuan was killed. But if you look closely at Jin Xuan's family lineage and the actions of his son, you will have doubts about Liu Bei's attack and killing of Jin Xuan. Pei Songzhi's commentary on the Chronicle of Emperor Wu of the Three Kingdoms records the relevant information of Jin Yi, the son of Jin Xuan: "From time to time, There was Jingzhao Jin Yi (金祎字德祎), who regarded himself as a Han subject in the world, and who was loyal to Mang He Luo since the Day, and his loyalty was remarkable, and his reputation was full of leaves. When The Emperor was about to move, he was called Ke Jixing, but he was furious and conspired with Geng Ji, Wei Huang, Ji Ben, Ben Zi Miao, and Di Mu. At the same time, the Chronicle of Emperor Wu of the Three Kingdoms records that Jin Yi participated in the rebellion of the Han tai doctors Ling Jiben, Shaofu Gengji, and Si Zhiwei Huang in the twenty-third year of Jian'an (218 AD). Judging from the family status of Jin Xuan Hanchen and the actions of Jin Yi, the son of Jin Xuan, the co-optation of Jin Xuan was in line with Liu Bei's general political program, and the attack and killing of Jin Xuan seemed to be unreasonable, and Lu Bi once proposed that "Jin Yi still wants to help Liu Bei in the south, and if Yun Yun and his father Xuan are attacked and killed by Liu Bei, it seems untrustworthy." ”
Taking Changsha is the highlight of the Jingnan Four Counties Raiders in the novel. Guan Yu undertook the task of capturing Changsha. Before the battle, Zhuge Liang reminded Guan Yu to be careful of the veteran General Huang Zhong of Changsha, but Guan Yu did not listen, and as a result, the Battle of Changsha was the most difficult in the Battle of the Four Counties. Guan Yu and Huang Zhong faced each other three times, and in the end, if it were not for Wei Yan's help, Guan Yu would probably not be able to take Changsha for a while. However, it is precisely because of the wonderful battle between Guan Yu and Huang Zhong that Changsha is the most exciting and unforgettable in the Four Counties Raiders. The description of the scene in which Guan Huang shoots the knife and Huang Zhong's two false shots of the last arrow only to shoot Guan Yu's helmet is fascinating to read.
However, there is no clear record of whether the person who took Changsha in the history was Guan Yu. It can be inferred that Huang Zhong probably joined Liu Beijun during this time period. The Biography of Huang Zhong in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms says: "First lord of the southern counties, loyal to the commission, and followed into Shu." That is to say, Huang Zhong joined Liu Bei's army when Liu Bei's group captured the four counties of Jingnan, and there is no record in the history of whether there is a sword against Guan Yu and a demonstration of the stunt of a hundred steps through Yang. And whether Wei Yan also joined Liu Beijun at this stage, history does not seem to have made it clear. The Chronicle of Wei Yan in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Wei Yan "entered Shu with his ancestors, counted his military achievements, and moved the general of Yamen." It did not elaborate on when it joined. Therefore, was Wei Yan also in Changsha at that time? Did you join at the same time as Huang Zhong? None of these canonical histories are clear. In addition, the Changsha Taishou Han Xuan, who was killed by Wei Yan in the novel as "impatient and lighter than killing" (there is no evidence of whether Han Xuan has such a personality in the history of Zhengshi, the author believes that Han Xuan's personality is mostly fictionalized by the novel to promote the plot), in the main history, He surrendered to Liu Beijun and was not killed, and he was not a brother with Han Hao of Cao Cao's army.
It can be seen that although taking Changsha is wonderful in the novel, it may be just an ordinary raider battle in the history.
Historically, the Southern Expedition to Jingnan's Four Counties was a military operation initiated by Liu Bei's clique, which not only expanded Liu Bei's territory in Jingzhou, but also recruited a group of talents, and also enriched Liu Bei's military resources ("The Biography of Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms" contains "Cao Gong was defeated at Chibi and led the army back to Yi." The first lord took Jiangnan, made Liang a general in the military division, and made the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha, and adjusted their taxes to replenish the army. It can be seen that the capture of the four counties of Jingnan is beneficial to Liu Bei's clique. ）。 The novel's interpretation of Liu Bei's group's capture of the four counties of Jingnan highlights the wisdom of Liu Bei's group's advisers and the heroism of the military generals, and the plot is quite wonderful, and it also shows that the strength of Liu Bei's group is gradually growing.