Who is Deng Yingchao? To this day, perhaps not everyone is familiar with her, but when it comes to Zhou Enlai's wife, I believe everyone will soon know. As a woman, Deng Yingchao was a great proletarian revolutionary, politician and pioneer of the Chinese women's movement. Unfortunately, due to illness, he died in Beijing on July 11, 1992, at the age of 88.
People who know her know that Sister Deng's life has always been simple, and on the day of her death, she was still wearing the old clothes that she sent off her husband Zhou Enlai more than ten years ago, and even her own urn was prepared very early. In her revolutionary career for most of her life, Sister Deng has always been diligent and diligent, and in her later years she dragged her sick body to work for the country and continued to serve the party and the people.
With such selfless dedication, it can be said that she has hardly ever asked for an organization in her life, and she did not ask for it in her last wishes until before she died. Unexpectedly, this only request made none of the people present willing to agree. What exactly was her request? Why wouldn't anyone want to promise her?
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Deng Yingchao, formerly known as "Deng Wenshu", a native of Guangshan County, Henan Province, was born in Nanning, Guangxi in 1904. His father, Deng Yanzhong, was a military commander in Guangxi Province, and his mother, Yang Zhende, came from a family of officials and eunuchs. She could have lived a life of food, clothing, and stability, but when she was three years old, her father was framed for offending her superiors, and then exiled to Xinjiang and unwilling to die.
This sudden family change made Deng Yingchao, who lost his father at a young age, have no choice but to go on a turbulent and displaced life. She followed her mother to Guangdong, Shanghai and other places in order to live, and then came to Tianjin to settle down. During her time, her mother, Yang Zhenbang, mainly practiced medicine and tutoring, and earned little income. Mother and daughter are living a life of abstinence. However, in the face of the hardships given by life, they did not lose hope for the strong ones, on the contrary, in the heart of Deng Yingchao, who was still very young at that time, a grand wish to defend the family and defend the country was born early.
After the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement in 1919, Deng Yingchao, who had entered the Tianjin First Girls' Normal School, participated in the vigorous patriotic movement with his peers under the positive influence of new-style education. She was mixed up in the procession and excitedly raised the flag and shouted: "Fight for sovereignty outside, and get rid of the national thieves at home." Fight to the death and return me to Qingdao. It is better to crush the jade than to be completely destroyed. At that time, there were many students in the parade, including her future husband, Mr. Zhou Enlai, who was also inside, of course, at that time they did not know each other, and they had not yet developed feelings for each other.
It was not until later, with the development of the situation, that this group of patriotic students marching formed the revolutionary group "Awakening Society", which studied Marxism, opposed feudalism and imperialist aggression, and was determined to save the motherland in danger. In this brand-new society with only 20 members, Deng Yingchao and Zhou Enlai were also among them, as if they were destined in the dark, so that the two people with a common sense of mission had a relationship for the first time.
Soon, like-minded people quickly became acquainted with each other, and they cooperated very tacitly. For the sake of the struggle, the members of the society were named by their numbers as correspondence codes and pen names for publishing articles, such as Zhou Enlai as No. 5 and Deng Yingchao as No. 1. They have made every effort to propagate advanced ideas through various forms and have profoundly absorbed the teachings and suggestions given by Comrade Li Dazhao.
Finally, on January 20, 1920, the magazine "Enlightenment" edited by Zhou Enlai was extraordinary as soon as it was published, and was warmly welcomed by all walks of life. In order to have a better development, Zhou Enlai later went to France to study, but he still maintained correspondence with Deng Yingchao.
In Deng Yingchao's mind, she has never let go of her enthusiasm for the cause of patriotism, and after she became a teacher in the primary school affiliated to the Beijing Normal National High School, she paid more attention to cultivating students' patriotic ideas, and she did this work for five years.
During this period, she also actively participated in the women's liberation movement and proposed the right of women to participate in politics and deliberations. Just as she was running to the bottom of the sky for the equal rights of men and women, she suddenly heard a shocking news, that is, her female teacher classmate Zhang Sijing was abused to death by her husband after marriage. The occurrence of this incident really stimulated Deng Yingchao, and she has since made up her mind to speed up the pace of emancipating women.
When all was said and done, Deng Yingchao first established the "Actress Society" with similar friends and founded a weekly magazine to save oppressed women from the root of their ideas. The actress newspaper at that time really inspired a group of feudal women, so that they gradually became enlightened and the spirit of struggle against the revolution. But this is far from enough, Deng Yingchao believes that if you want women to be better liberated, you must first equip them with knowledge and life skills.
Therefore, in August 1923, she once again led a group of advanced members to jointly establish the Tianjin Female Star First Cram School, and then founded the "Women's Daily", which was a further expansion of the women's liberation movement after the Female Star Weekly. Her ideas were widely recognized, and a large number of people were influenced by them, including many communist fighters like Zhao Yiman, who sacrificed for the country.
After that, Deng Yingchao's work in the women's liberation movement became larger and larger, and all the contributions she made to society in her youth became a valuable experience in the future. At the same time, Zhou Enlai, who is far away in France, also struggles all day long, but whenever he takes a break, he will be concerned about Deng Yingchao's situation in China, so he has long had a unique miss for her. The friendship between them has not been diluted because of the distance, but has become stronger with the accumulation of time.
Finally, in 1923, Zhou Enlai, who was far away in France, suddenly sent a postcard to Deng Yingchao and crossed the ocean. The postcard bears portraits of Carl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. It was sprinkled with affectionate handwriting written by Mr. Zhou Enlai. He told Deng Yingchao: "I hope that the two of us will go to the guillotine together in the future, just like the two of them." Receiving such a gentle and sincere confession, Deng Yingchao was very touched in her heart, and after several careful thoughts, she finally established the relationship between the two.
In this way, the lovers eventually became dependents, and the couple, who had experienced a long and exotic love, officially married in Guangzhou shortly after Zhou Enlai returned to China on August 8, 1925. In their view, the union of each other is not only a lover under the same roof, but also the best comrade-in-arms of the common revolution.
However, the fly in the ointment is that Deng Yingchao became pregnant not long after they got married, which was a good thing, but Deng Yingchao was worried about affecting the revolutionary cause, coupled with the severe domestic situation at that time, so he secretly killed her husband Zhou Enlai. It is said that Zhou Enlai was very angry when he learned of this, but he understood and felt sorry for his wife more, and did not blame too much. A year later, Deng Yingchao re-conceived, unfortunately she suffered a difficult birth this time, and the child died tragically just after giving birth.
What is even more hateful is that at that time, the Kuomintang suddenly launched an attack on our party and hunted down and killed them on a large scale. This made Deng Yingchao, who had not healed after childbirth, drag the sick body around and suffer a lot. Since then, she has become more physically weak, and perhaps it is for this reason that she and Zhou Enlai have never had offspring. Of course, in the later period, they also adopted the children of many revolutionary martyrs of the CCP.
In 1934, the Red Army's fifth anti-encirclement and suppression failed, so it shifted its strategy and embarked on a difficult and dangerous Long March. Deng Yingchao was already suffering from tuberculosis at this time, and in that poor environment, he could not get professional and effective treatment. Not wanting to cause trouble for the organization, she took the initiative to ask to stay in the position, but was rejected.
Because Deng Yingchao was extremely weak, he encountered danger on the first day of crossing the grass. Her horse fell into the swamp after being frightened, and she fell to the mud and her feet were unable to move until the people behind caught up with her and rescued her in time. Since then, she has had a high fever, and the Party Central Committee has specially approved her to sit on a stretcher with the army, through snowy mountains and cross grasslands; even so, the conditions are still too bad, there is almost no medical auxiliary equipment, and some are just fresh air around her to alleviate the condition slightly.
In 1937, Japan invaded China in an all-round way, resulting in the fragmentation of countless families in our country, and in the fierce War of Resistance, the soldiers heroically sacrificed, causing a large number of children to be displaced. At this critical juncture, in order to protect these refugee children, Deng Yingchao and others went around mobilizing people from all walks of life to jointly form the China Wartime Children's Child Care Association. After that, he asked someone to persuade Song Meiling to win the support of the National Government for the relief of children, which saved the next generation of our country to a great extent.
On the first Children's Day after the establishment of the Wartime Children's Care Association, Deng Yingchao published an inscription in the special issue of Children's Day of Xinhua Daily: "Childcare is a rich and great cause, not only to help and educate children, but also to cultivate children with a spirit of perseverance and become the masters of building a new China." In the next seven years, Deng Yingchao went on to lead the establishment of 53 nursery schools, hosting nearly 30,000 refugee children.
She not only provided living conditions for these children, but also gave them advanced education, so that these children can grow into a new force in China in the future. This fully proves that women can play a major role in the War of Resistance Against Japan and make great contributions to society.
After the founding of New China, Deng Yingchao did not hold a government position, but retired to work as Zhou Enlai's assistant. She took a part of the family's income to help relatives, and did not allow relatives to engage in any specialization. As long as it is something she can do, she will never bother the organization.
Until the death of Premier Zhou in 1976, Sister Deng faced the sad reality alone, and her heart was inevitably depressed. In the years that followed, her physique, which was not tough in her body, became worse and worse, and she even planned the aftermath for herself.
Sister Deng, who did not want to bother with the organization, confessed to her assistant, saying that if she died, she would directly cremate the body, and there was no need to hold a special memorial service; all property would be handed over to the state, and there was no need to build a memorial. As for her and Zhou Enlai's personal documents, they were all handed over to the Central Literature Research Office for storage and cleaning at their discretion. In addition to these, he did not forget to hand over the books in his family to the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, so that they could read them among the young people as appropriate, and finally left two copies of his will.
The first will and testament was a special explanation to several people who were close to her, such as Yang Dezhong, Li Qi, Zhao Wei and others, and asked them to handle all matters after their critical illness and death. And specially explained that when she is ill and helpless, there is no need to take rescue measures, she does not want to prolong the pain of patients, and she does not want to add too much burden to the organization and related personnel.
The second will is to more clearly show their own concept, in the face of life and death Deng Sister's attitude is open-minded, she once again stressed that when she is critically ill, there is no need to rescue, because such rescue is very meaningless, even if it takes a lot of trouble to rescue, it is nothing more than to extend the life of a few days, and also make patients and treatment personnel feel tormented.
Finally, Sister Deng clearly mentioned that the hospital she had seen in the newspaper about euthanasia in the United States believed that everything that people wanted to do in life had been done, and if they could die in peace and painlessness, this was the real humanitarianism. From her two wills, we can see that this is not only an arrangement for her own future affairs, but also a manifestation of the revolutionary nature and high style of the Communists.
Her purpose of serving the party and the people wholeheartedly has never changed, but when Sister Deng really reached the day of her critical illness, who dared to come forward and take charge of handling the aftermath according to her will? No, no one was willing to come forward and do as she would. Deng Yingchao fought all his life for the revolutionary cause and sacrificed too much. Her precious life, whether humanitarian or responsible, is to be extended to the fullest extent.
Finally, on July 27, 1991, Sister Deng was admitted to Beijing Hospital because of high fever pneumonia. Dying, she asked not to continue the rescue, but no leader or doctor was willing to abandon her treatment. Not to mention that Sister Deng has made great contributions to the cause of the Chinese revolution, even ordinary people cannot let her die when she is critically ill.
The attending doctor in charge of her condition is Dr. Wu Weiran, a surgical expert who has performed many surgeries for Zhou Enlai, and he has great confidence in saving Sister Deng's life. He offered to "create a stomach leak" for her, meaning to make a hole in the stomach, so as to ensure her life for more than one to two years, and the Politburo approved of his treatment plan.
Sure enough, deng Yingchao Deng dajie on the afternoon of August 1, 1991, by Dr. Wu Weiran, after the implementation of the "gastric leakage" surgery, the success lasted for more than a year. But after that, the condition was critical again, and the experts tried their best to return to heaven.
Sister Deng left in the midst of everyone's lamentations and reluctance, although her second will and testament could not be fulfilled until the end of her life. However, according to the agreement with Zhou Enlai, the organization placed her ashes in the box that once contained Zhou Enlai's ashes, and then scattered them into the rivers and seas, and re-integrated with Zhou Enlai into a river, flowing endlessly, forever defending our common China.
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