West Lake in the five generations of Wu Yue Kingdom, was originally a natural lake, because it belonged to Qiantang County, the earliest called Qiantang Lake, neglected governance, the lake area was gradually replaced by barren grass shoals, and then gradually abandoned. During the Tang Dynasty, Qiantang Lake was changed to Qiantang Lake. During the Wuyue Kingdom and the Southern Song Dynasty, West Lake was once the capital city.
01. The historical development of the beautiful scenery of the West Lake
During the Tang Dynasty,Bai Juyi was appointed as the Taishou of Hangzhou, in order to irrigate farmland and increase water storage, dredging was carried out for this natural lake with less and less water storage, and the water of the Qiantang River was diverted into the lake, and the area of the lake area gradually expanded.
After the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Jun of Hangzhou Zhizhou built a weir equipment on the West Lake. Later, Zhizhou Zheng Jian and Shen Wei once again dredged the entire lake area, repaired six wells, and built a new well, which was called Shen Gongjing by later generations. In the second year of Xi Ning (1069), Su Shi carefully studied the water conservancy of the West Lake and explored the plan for the smooth flow of six wells and Shen Gong wells. When he was the Governor of Hangzhou, he personally formulated a plan for dredging the West Lake, and played the imperial court's "Beggar to Open the West Lake of Hangzhou". This is the first time the name "West Lake" has appeared in official documents.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Ten Scenic Spots of the West Lake, which were mainly famous for its "Spring Dawn at Su Causeway, Wind and Lotus in Quyuan, Autumn Moon on Pinghu Lake, Remnant Snow on Broken Bridge, Smelling Warblers in Willow Waves, Watching Fish in Flower Harbor, Sunset Lighting in Leifeng, Interpolating Clouds in Twin Peaks, Evening Bell in Nanping, and Printing Moon in Three Pools".
Since then, many literati and inkers have longed for the beauty of the West Lake, and with the theme of "West Lake", a large number of calligraphy and painting works and poems and songs have been produced. Paintings such as Ye Xiaoyan of the Song Dynasty painted the album "Ten Views of the West Lake", and the Qing Dynasty calligrapher Yang Boxun painted "Twelve Views of the West Lake".
Literary works are even more brilliant. For example, Bai Juyi said: "The eastbound of the favorite lake is insufficient, and the white sand embankment in the green poplar shade is not enough."
The sky and night are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers are different red."
Su Shi said: "If you want to make the West Lake more beautiful than the West Lake, it is always appropriate to wear light makeup and thick makeup."
Lin Kui said: "The mixed yuan god is invisible, and the craftsman makes a picture screen in the West Lake. The spring water is pure in the monk's eyes, and the evening mountain is thick like the green of the Buddha's head."
02. The historical background of Su Shi and Zhang Xian's tour of the West Lake together
In the fourth year of Xi Ning, that is, in 1071, Su Shi wrote a letter to talk about the new ills, and put forward many criticisms of Wang Anshi's change of law, which made Wang Anshi very dissatisfied. Su Shi took the initiative to request to leave the capital and go to the place to exercise. Therefore, Emperor Shenzong granted him the position of Hangzhou Tongjue, equivalent to vice mayor.
In Hangzhou, he met his mentor and friend Zhang Xian. Zhang Xian once wrote three poems: "Clouds break the moon to make flowers and shadows", "delicate and lazy, curtains and residual flower shadows", "soft willows swaying, falling light and shadowless", each sentence has the word "shadow", and the meaning is deep and long, no one can beat, also known as "Zhang Sanying".
Zhang Xian, a northern Song Dynasty poet, a representative figure of the Gentle Sect, and a key figure in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zi Ziye, who had been a jinshi and the first in the same year as Ouyang Xiu, lived for eighty-eight years, and Su Shi was 47 years away from him. Refusing to load, Zhang Xian married an eighteen-year-old girl when he was eighty years old, and Su Shi wrote "a tree of pear blossoms pressing begonias" to tease Zhang Xian, which shows that the two are not only teachers and students, but also friends.
The book records that Zhang Xian "was able to poetry and music the house, and never faded into old age", and traveled leisurely in the countryside in his later years. Zhang Xian was the first teacher of Su Shi to learn words. Su Shi's "Xingxiangzi Over Seven Mile Se" ends with a sentence that reads "Distant mountains are long, clouds and mountains are chaotic, Xiaoshan Qing", which is the same as his teacher Zhang Xian's words and cards" "Heart matters, tears in eyes, intentions of people". Zhang Xian thus had another nickname, "Zhang Sanzhong".
3. Appreciation of Su Shi's "Jiang Chengzi"
After Su Shi arrived in Hangzhou, he and Zhang Xian invited him to sail together in the West Lake, and when he heard someone playing a kite on the lake, he wrote this poem.
"Jiang Chengzi"
On the lake, he was given the same endowment as Zhang Xian, and he smelled the kite
It rained at Phoenix Mountain. The water is clear and the sunset is bright. A hibiscus, opened still yingying. Where flying double egrets, if intentional, Mu Wanting.
Overhearing the mourning kite on the river, bitterly feelings, sending who to listen. The smoke is cloudy, and according to the covenant is Xiang Ling. If you want to ask for the song at the end, people are not seen, and the number of peaks is green.
The film writes about the scenery on the lake, and seamlessly puns, writing Fleur is actually a hint to the kite-player.
After the rain, the West Lake under the Phoenix Mountain is clear and moonlit, the lights are on, and the sunset reflects the water. Suddenly, I saw a branch of hibiscus standing tall, extremely feminine. Take a closer look, although it is not a small lotus illuminating the water, it is not a general wind. It alludes to the fact that the kite-playing girl is no longer a teenage young girl, but a young woman. At this moment, two egrets flew from nowhere, probably admiring the music of the kite-player and envying the age of Lou Ting.
The lament of the music written in the next film is actually the mood of the people who listen to the kite and play the kite.
The author suddenly heard the sound of mourning and complaining from the river, and the mournful tone, such as crying, seemed to be telling the feelings of parting, and did not know who it was played to. The smoke clouds on the surface of the lake heard it, and they all looked solemn and held their breath. Is it XiangFei who is playing with strings, the sound is cut, and the mourning is full of emotion.
At the end of the song, I wanted to ask the kite player, but I suddenly saw no one, only a few green mountains on the river, surrounded by clear water, silent.
The author's title is "Smelling the Kite", so from many angles, one by one, the scene changes before hearing the kite, when hearing the kite, and after hearing the kite, the mood change. That is, I wrote about the beautiful encounter with the kite player, and I also wrote about the poignant and moving music.
The author cleverly places the kite player in the scene of the first sunny day after the rain, the sunset is bright, and the hibiscus is in full bloom, it is easy to make the characters and the scenery contrast, the music and nature complement each other, the kite player and the listener look at each other, that is, there is a metaphor and a background writing technique, as well as the natural connection between the meaning in the painting and the meaning outside the painting.
According to the Song Dynasty Zhang Bangji's "Mozhuang Manlu" record: "The eastern slope is in Hangzhou, a day trip to the West Lake, sitting on the lake pavilion in front of the Lonely Mountain Bamboo Pavilion. When the two guests are served, the language is Yan. For a long time, there were colorful boats in the center of the lake approaching the pavilion, and there were several people with beautiful makeup, one of whom was Yuli, Fang Guzheng, more than thirty years old, and the charm was elegant and elegant, and the two guests actually saw it. The song is not over, it is fleeting, and the public drama is a long and short sentence cloud. ”
It can be known that the kite player is more than thirty years old, "the style is elegant, and there is an attitude", and here it is used "a hibiscus, which has opened still Yingying", which is a metaphor for people, which is not only accurate, but also very interesting. From the egret's breaking through the air, in order to move into the quiet, let the egret replace himself and Zhang Xian, express his admiration for the woman, the stroke of God.
In order to render the mourning kite, do not directly write the listener's feelings, but replace people's subjective feelings with smoke and mist, cloud twilight hanging low, and further use the Xiangshui goddess to play the song to pour out sorrow, push the superb skills of music to the peak, and at the same time hope to the kite player, hoping that her life is as beautiful as Xiangling, do not mourn day by day.
At the end of the word, the music suddenly stopped, this fairy-like tune has not been heard enough, waiting to find people, people have long disappeared, only to see the verdant peaks standing quietly by the lake, the mountain can not speak, but with the author's eyes looking for people, it seems that people are behind the mountain, and the echo of the mournful music is lingering for a long time in the mountains and waters.
"People don't see, count the peaks and greens" two sentences, quite Zen. Tang Dynasty poet Qian Qi's "Provincial Test Xiangling Drum Ser" poem Yun: "At the end of the song, no one is seen, and there are several peaks on the river." The author Su Shi borrowed it into his own words without a trace, the artistic conception is raised, the imagery is moving, and in the structure of the whole word, he continues to undertake the implicit expression of the previous sentence "According to the covenant is Xiang Ling", the two allusions are seamlessly connected, skillfully combined, read it, and the ripples in the heart do not disperse for a long time.
The opening sentence is written "Phoenix Mountain rains and the first sunny", and the end is written "counting peaks and green", echoing up and down, blending in one, and fun.
Conclusion
Zhang Xian was Su Shi's initiation teacher for learning poetry, and their ages were nearly half a century apart. One of the earliest poems written by Su Shi, "XingXiangzi", was created by Zhang Xian. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, did not approve of Su Shi and Su Rui's writing of words, believing that poetry and speech were zhi, but Zhang Xianrong's five generations of rich and beautiful words were integrated with the elegant style of the Southern Tang Dynasty and represented by Li Yu, the lord of Li Hou, and wrote his own Qingli word style, which became a bridge between the five dynasties of the Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty.
After accepting the enlightenment of Zhang Xianzi, Su Shi caught up with him later, expanding the theme of words, breaking through the rhythm of words, innovating the style of words, and making great contributions to the art, content, and style of words.
～～——～～——～～——～～
This article is original, and the first published number of Baijia.
The picture comes from the Internet, invaded and deleted.