She called him, "Shu Tong—"
He replied to her, "Please call me Koichi." ”
She forced herself to hold back tears in her eyes, "Master Hongyi, please tell me, what is love?"
He responded lightly: "Love is compassion." ”
This is a clip from the movie "A Round of Bright Moon": The Japanese wife heard that Li Shutong had decided to become a monk, so she rushed to hangzhou's West Lake and begged her husband to change his mind. Unexpectedly, Uncle Li had made up his mind and would spend the rest of his life with the Green Lantern Ancient Buddha. At the same time, his wife cried bitterly, and Li Shutong turned around and left, never to see his wife again...
Stills from "A Round of Bright Moon"
The narrative of the film is inevitably exaggerated by art. Regarding this Japanese wife, Jiang Danshu, a good friend of Li Shutong, said this in the "Small Biography of Hongyi Lawyer":
(Li Shutong) When he returned to China after staying in Japan, he took Ri Ji with him and lived in Shanghai; when he became a monk, he entrusted his friends as a dispatch, and he never made him hear of it at the beginning. Hinata, who wanted nothing, wept and returned to the east.
When Uncle Li was out of the house, Ri Ji wanted to see him and couldn't help it, and finally cried bitterly. This is the real Li Shutong, oh no, Master Hongyi, more decisive than in the movie.
However, the movie is also true. Hangzhou in 1918, after all, was the beginning of the second half of Li Shutong's life.
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Li Shutong's father, Li Hongzhang's "same year", traveled to the political and business circles of the late Qing Dynasty. When Li Shutong was born, his father was 68 years old and his mother was 19 years old. The superior family conditions have allowed Li Shutong to have no worries about food and clothing from an early age; and the huge age gap between his parents, coupled with the identity of his birth mother "filling the house", has planted a shadow in Li Shutong's heart.
On the one hand, it was his good birth and education that made him the first person to introduce staves, Western drama, Western painting, etc. into China, on the other hand, it was the inherent misery: such contradictions have always accompanied him, from Tianjin to Japan, from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China...
Portrait of Master Koichi
In 1911, the ticket numbers operated by the Li family went bankrupt one after another, and millions of assets were lost. The following year, Li Shutong, who was alone, came to Hangzhou to work as a painting and music teacher at the Zhejiang Provincial Normal School (later the Zhejiang Provincial First Normal College).
At this moment, although Li Shutong was alone, he felt that the Republic of China was born and the world was in ruins, and he still excitedly wrote a "Man Jiang Hong":
In the moon at the top of Kunlun Mountain, someone roared.
Look at the bottom of the bag, the sword is like snow, how much enmity.
The hands cracked open the weasel bile, and the inch of gold cast the civil rights brain.
Count this life, not worthy of being a boy, with a good head.
Jingke Tomb, Xianyang Road;
Nie Zheng died, and the corpse was violent.
Go as far as the river goes, and the rest of the feelings are still around.
The soul transforms into a jingwei bird, and the blood flowers splash into red heart grass.
Look at the present, a good mountain and river, heroes made!
Unlike what many people imagine, Li Shutong, who has just arrived in Hangzhou, has a sense of pride in reorganizing the rivers and mountains, hoping that his words and deeds can cultivate a group of talents in music and art for the newborn country.
Li Shutong plays the shape of a traviata
Teaching by example, Li Shutong thinks so and does the same.
During music lessons, there were two students, one did not sing and was reading idle books, and one spat on the ground during class. In fact, Li Shutong looked at everything in his eyes, but did not say anything. By the end of class, he solemnly said in a light and serious voice, "So-and-so waits to go out", so the two classmates can only stand.
When the other students all walked out, he said in a light and serious voice: "Don't read other books next time in class", "Don't spit on the floor next time", after saying that, he bowed slightly, indicating "you go out". The two classmates, since they were red-faced, would never read idle books in class or spit on the ground again...
This teacher, obviously criticizing the two classmates, but still bowed to them politely, such politeness, I am afraid that it will be better than a thousand words of truth.
Li Shutong's style in "Huang Tianba"
In his spare time of teaching, Uncle Li and his friends Xia Junzun and Jing Hengyi traveled to the lakes and mountains and sang poems and poems; or with the friends of the Xiling Seal Society, they discussed the art of seal engraving and evaluated the length of the seal button.
By the winter and summer vacations, the students all went home, and Li Shutong left Hangzhou and returned to his home in Shanghai to spend a vacation with his sympathetic Japanese wife. This beautiful woman, who met Uncle Li in Japan, came together because of their common interests. In the end, she left her native Japan without hesitation and followed Li Shutong to China to live in Shanghai.
A generation of talented Li Shutong, with such a beautiful person to accompany, it is really a husband who wants nothing more. In the past few years, I am afraid that after the death of his mother, Li Shutong has had the most fulfilling and happy period of time.
In 1916, Li Shutong took a photo to commemorate it after fasting
However, Li Shutong always has a kind of "deep sorrow" in his heart, and the fate is deeply planted, and sooner or later it will ferment.
As early as more than ten years old, Li Shutong once wrote a couplet that read, "Life is like the day of the Western Mountains, and wealth is like frost on the grass", and between the lines, there is a deep sadness.
In 1905, Li Shutong's birth mother died of illness in Shanghai at the age of 44. Li Shutong witnessed his mother's suffering since she was a child: when she married into the Li family, she was the fifth aunt's wife, a concubine 50 years younger than her husband, and although she gave birth to Li Shutong, she was not his mother in public... Now that my mother has died, although it is sad and lamentable, how can it not be a relief? This scene is really a "mixture of sorrow and joy"!
Master Koichi died on his deathbed
Life, life, the four major non-self, as a bitter book, in this world of the wife, prosperity and happiness are like smoke clouds, and they will eventually pass away. It is like the once invincible Tianjin Li family, on the eve of the Xinhai Revolution, the ticket number went bankrupt, and overnight, the family fell in the middle of the road...
And Li Shutong is a sensitive person by nature. Such a deep seed, but there is an opportunity, it is possible to put hair into the mountain.
West Lake at the beginning of the 20th century
In the first month of the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), under the circumstances of fate, Uncle Li witnessed the ordination ceremony of his friend Mr. Peng at The Hupao Temple, and was greatly moved. He immediately decided to take refuge in the Three Jewels and take the Dharma name Yanyin (演音), and the trumpet Hongyi (弘一).
At this time, Li Shutong was still a lay disciple, but his heart had gradually accepted the life of chanting Buddha and eating fasting. At this time, the seed of "deep sorrow" in Uncle Li's heart has sprouted, just waiting to be born...
Hangzhou Zhongtianzhu Fajing Temple, Hongyi Master's Book "Nam no Amitabha Buddha"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="267" >2, Quanzhou: Propagation of the Dharma</h1>
In the summer of the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918), after some consideration, Li Shutong was ordained at The Hupao Temple, and has been accompanied by the Green Lantern Ancient Buddha ever since.
The former talented man, Li Shutong, is gone; there is one more teacher in the world who recites Amitabha Buddha, Hongyi.
Before leaving home, many people came to say goodbye to him, but none of them advised him to change his mind: his wife and children, his friends, and his confidants all knew that the decisions he made would not change.
Uncle Li was with the Hupao Temple when he was ordained
In the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927), the revolutionary momentum was like a fire, and gradually became a burning trend. At that time, Hangzhou was run by a group of fledgling young people who, as soon as they came to power, wanted to overhaul everything that was old, including Buddhism.
When Master Hongyi heard about this, he gathered a group of young leaders together with his own prestige, moved them with affection and reason, and finally dispelled the idea of "destroying the Buddha."
Soon, Master Hongyi got up and went to Shanghai. Since then, his fate with Hangzhou has come to an end for the time being.
In the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928), Master Hongyi, who was in Shanghai, happened to hear that two friends wanted to go to Thailand to promote Buddhism, and he suddenly had the intention of traveling far. So, the three of them set off from Shanghai all the way south.
When the ship arrived in Xiamen, the two friends were ready to continue to Thailand, but Master Hongyi felt that he had a relationship with Minnan - and from then on, he stayed in Minnan.
Master Koichi (right) and Master Myo-lotus
When he first arrived in Minnan, Master Hongyi was nearly fifty years old. At this time, the master was already a well-known master in the Buddhist circles, and there were not a few monks and laymen who wanted to listen to his Dharma. Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple, Chengtian Temple, and Xiamen Nanputuo Temple are all vying for coverage — but these places are the places where Buddhists preach, and The influence of Master Hongyi does not stop there.
In Jinjiang, Quanzhou, there is a grass temple, which is actually a Manichaean relic. When Master Ran Hongyi was in Quanzhou, he often preached at the Jinjiang Cao'an, and for a few years, he also spent his years in the Cao'an. A Manichaean monastery, through the residence of Master Koichi, has in fact become a Buddhist temple.
Another time, on the day of the death of Master Hongyi's father, the Master specially opened the altar to ascend to the throne and explained to the public the praises in the Huayan Sutra And Puxian Wishes. After seven days of preaching, everyone saw that among the people who came to listen to the lecture, there were more Christians than Buddhists!
Today's Jinjiang Cao'an. Dao Chang was photographed in July 2020
In his spare time, Master Hongyi liked to stay in a secluded room and focus on his wish: to systematically organize the Buddhist precepts as a basis for promoting the Nanshan Vinaya.
The Master was silent, but he paid attention to the latest developments in the academic community: the newly discovered Tang Dynasty manuscripts in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, which he had read; the Tang Dynasty scriptures stored at the Horyu Monastery in Japan, he knew...
Finally, in Quanzhou, Master Hongyi accumulated more than ten years of work and rearranged the "Law of Four Points" that had been lost for hundreds of years. Since then, the Nanshan Vinaya has rediscovered its theoretical basis. Master Hongyi, also because of his organization of precepts and strict observance of the precepts, was regarded by posterity as the ancestor of the Nanshan Vinaya.
An epitaph written by Master Hongyi for the mother of his friend Jiang Danshu
In the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China (1938), the land of China was deep in the War of Resistance. Feng Zikai, a former student of Master Hongyi, sent a letter hoping to welcome Master Hongyi to Guilin, the rear area of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and with better conditions.
Master Hongyi wrote back that he had run out of time in the world, and everything was fine in Quanzhou, so why bother and run to Guilin?
Therefore, Master Hongyi settled in Quanzhou until the end of his life...
Quanzhou Buji Temple Wenling Nursing Home Evening Sunny Room, where Master Hongyi is lonely. Dao Chang was photographed in July 2020
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="268" >3, Quanzhou and Hangzhou: Homecoming</h1>
In the last four years of his life, Master Hongyi was in Quanzhou, either writing behind closed doors or preaching at the altar.
His closed-door writings are so harsh that they are unkind, and no matter how high-ranking and noble they are, they are not seen; his opening methods open the door of convenience, and no matter whether rich or poor, rich or low, those who come do not refuse.
Throughout his life, Master Hongyi has loved to be close to vulnerable beings.
Quanzhou Wenling Nursing Home, the residence of Master Hongyi in his later years. Dao Chang was photographed in July 2020
When Master Hongyi was young, the family's business was run by his brother. My brother had to deal with all kinds of people all day long, and he inevitably had a sense of separation: smiling at the powerful and powerful; commanding the powerless and powerless.
When Master Hongyi saw this, he was indignant, and from then on, when he handled things for others, he and his brother did the opposite: he treated the powerful and powerful with cold eyes; and he welcomed the powerless and powerless.
Ordinary people think that he is incomprehensible, so he did not crawl in the red dust like ordinary people, but hid in the Zen room, kept the precepts and fasted, and often accompanied the green lantern ancient Buddha.
Quanzhou Qingyuan Mountain Hongyi Master Spirit Pagoda. Dao Chang was photographed in July 2020
Once, Master Hongyi went out to preach the scriptures. A local dignitary admired Master Hongyi and hoped to meet with him in his spare time. Unexpectedly, I sent someone to invite him three times, but the mage was still unmoved.
Finally, Master Koichi wrote a poem and entrusted it to the important man. Its words:
Yesterday was close to the date, and I went out leaning on the staff and thinking.
For monks to live only in the valley, it is not suitable for the state priests to feast.
When the dignitaries saw it, they were disappointed and had to return with pity.
Hangzhou Tiger Run, Li Shutong Memorial Hall
In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), master Hongyi celebrated his sixtieth birthday, and student Feng Zikai specially presented a hand-painted "Collection of Paintings of Nursing Students" to wish for the birthday of his mentor. As he grew older, Master Hongyi's equanimity extended from human beings to sentient beings: all things have spirits, which one is not the glory of the Creator? Taking good care of these sentient beings is what the Buddhists talk about equanimity!
In the early autumn of the thirty-first year of the Republic of China (1942), Master Hongyi, who was dying, made a special will, in which he said that after his death, a bowl of water was placed in each of the four corners of the bed to prevent ants from climbing on the bed, and when he was "Dibi", he was incinerated with Master Hongyi...
The meaning of the fist to protect life is the heart of compassion!
Book shadow of "Nursing Life Painting Collection"
On the fourth night of the ninth month of the ninth lunar month in 1942, the ancestor of the Nanshan Vinaya Sect, Hongyi, died in the evening room of the Wenling Nursing Home in Quanzhou Bu'er Ancestral Hall, with a life expectancy of sixty-three and a monk of twenty-four.
After the master's death, he was cremated at the Chengtian Temple in Quanzhou, and his ashes were buried in Qingyuan Mountain, where he slept peacefully and protected Quanzhou City.
In order to commemorate the virtue of the master, the descendants specially built a memorial hall for master Hongyi in the Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, and offered sacrifices in the Spring and Autumn period to mourn.
Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple Hongyi Master Memorial Hall
However, the departure of Master Hongyi did not seem to be so sad.
Before his death, the master's handwritten letter "Intersection of Sorrow and Joy" four big characters, that is the happiness after fully understanding the truth of life, is to look down on the peace after life and death.
You see, when the Master is dead, he shows himself in an auspicious and reclining posture, and in the midst of his virtuous practice, he does not see any pain at all, but rather has the relief of liberation. I'm afraid, this is the best destination for Master Hongyi!
Master Koichi Nirvana Phase
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After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Master Hongyi's students discussed that Master Hongyi had originally become a monk at the Hupao Temple in Hangzhou, but now he had moved to another place, as if he should be taken "home" and protected his "hometown".
Therefore, at the initiative of Feng Zikai and others, a part of master Hongyi's ashes was invited to Hangzhou and buried in the hupao houshan in the late 1940s.
Hangzhou Tiger Running Hongyi Master Spirit Pagoda
How can we forget such great virtue?
In the early 1950s, people built a spiritual pagoda for the master on the back mountain of the Tiger Run as a memorial. Later, the Li Shutong Memorial Hall and the Yangzhi Pavilion were successively added to commemorate this great monk and ask him to protect the city of Hangzhou...
Hangzhou Tiger Run Yangzhi Pavilion was built in the 1980s to commemorate Li Shutong
Quanzhou and Hangzhou, the two most important cities in Li Shutong's life: Hangzhou, is the beginning of the second half of his life, where he became a monk, was ordained, and became a monk by a talented son; Quanzhou, the end of his life, where he sorted out Buddhist texts and promoted the Dharma, from noise to silence, as for migration.
Master Hongyi did not forget these two cities, and his ashes were buried in Qingyuan Mountain in Quanzhou and Hupaohou Mountain in Hangzhou.
From now on, Master Hongyi will always protect these two cities with his great spiritual strength...
Master Koichi's handwriting "Fragrant Flowers"
Main reference: Lin Ziqing's "Genealogy of Master Hongyi"
The next issue of the content preview: A few days ago, Fujian Quanzhou "application" was successful, and the whole country celebrated! Looking back at history, we will find that the process of urban development in ancient Quanzhou was basically synchronized with Hangzhou, is this a coincidence or inevitable? The "Minimalist History of Quanzhou" carefully prepared by the Dao Commander will be revealed one by one, so stay tuned...