YuanYou party strife, Su Dongpo ups and downs in the court, his disciples also eat melons, one by one can not escape the fate of the belittled, as one of the "Four Scholars of Sumen" Chao Shuzhi is among its list, his life is also very sad, and the famous Qin Guan and Huang Tingjian, Chao Shuzhi seems to be the same as Zhang Qi, many people actually only know its name and do not know the matter, except for a "Sumen Four Scholars" professional term to summarize it, the other probably know very little.
My understanding of Chao Is actually the same as everyone else's, but when I collected a set of "Song Ci" stamps issued by Taiwan Island at the end of the last century, I carefully studied this familiar and unfamiliar character.
A total of four stamps were issued on Taiwan Island, including Yan Shu's "Huan Xi Sha", He Zhu's "Qingyu Case", Fan Zhongyan's "Su Mu Sha" and Chao Xiaozhi's "Xing Xiangzi Mei", which brilliantly interpreted these four famous words in the form of Chinese paintings.
The first three words are very familiar to everyone, the words chosen should be able to recite, only this "Xingxiangzi Mei" I have no memory at all, so the book network tossed, finally have a general understanding.
Chao Shuzhi ,字無 blame,号回子,Jeju Giant Savage, Northern Song Dynasty poet, writer. Gong calligraphy and painting, able to poetry, good literature; jinshi birth, trial Kaifeng and rebbe are the first. At the beginning, Ren Taixuezheng wrote Saburō, and then sentenced Yangzhou with the secret cabinet school.
Zeng Zhiqi Prefecture, that is, Licheng, in present-day Jinan, Shandong, was later demoted to Lishui in Zhejiang, Shangrao in Jiangxi, Dazhou in Sichuan, and finally died in Sizhou, which is today Xuyi City, Jiangsu Province; there are works such as "Chicken Rib Collection" and "Chao's Qin Fun Outer Chapter".
The Chao clan claimed to be the Imperial Envoy of the Han Dynasty, after Chao Wrong, it was also a famous family of the Northern Song Dynasty, the house of eunuchs, and the Shuxiang Mendi, in about two hundred years, there were more than a dozen people who passed the examination for the jinshi, more than twenty people were recorded in the historical records, and almost all generations had people with gold list inscriptions and officials in the dynasty, known as "Chao Half Dynasty".
Chao Shuzhi was influenced by the good culture of the family from an early age, coupled with his clever and strong memory, he could belong to the literature at an early age, and recited a thousand words a day, so he had already become famous. He started from his father at the age of 12 and has since been visiting all over Jiangnan and broadening his horizons.
At the time of Su Shi's judgment in Hangzhou, the 17-year-old Chao Supplement was because of the long admiration for Su Shi's great name, but he went to pay homage to him and retired to write the "Seven Commentaries", which described the beauty of the Qiantang Mountains and rivers. After reading it, Su Shi exclaimed: "I can put aside my pen", saying that his text is "bo and eloquent, far more extraordinary, and will be revealed in the world", which is well-known.
His father Chao Duanyou was a minor official, and it is estimated that he was also a good and honest official, because according to the "History of Song", after his death, because of the family's poverty, he could not be buried at the time, and chao's supplement at this time was 23 years old, which was often cited as a lifelong regret; after the death of his father, he returned to Juye's hometown with his mother, lived a good life, and often sighed for food and clothing. This difficult period of time has left a deep mark on his heart.
The years are difficult, if you want to get ahead, you can only read poetry and books, through the examination to change the status quo, Chao's Bowen strong memory, the skill is very comparable, although he works in the field, but night and day, reading without quitting.
As long as the effort is bound to be fruitful, the 27-year-old Chao Jizhi entered Beijing to take the exam, not only smoothly "lifted into the soldiers, but also tried to open the door and the rebbe courtyard, both first. The Divine Sect read his text: "He who is deeper than the scriptures can be thin and superficial." ”
Chao Shuzhi entered the career path from then on, first as a member of the army in The Prefecture of Liaozhou, and then as a professor of the State Zijian in Beijing; Zhezong took the throne, Empress Gao came to power, the old party took power, Chao Shuzhi was summoned to test the Beijing Division, except for Tai Xuezheng; soon, after the examination, in addition to the secretary of the provincial zhengzi, moved to shulang. Shi Sushi served as a Bachelor of Hanlin, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Qian, and others served in the pavilion, and they sang poetry and wine to spend the most comfortable time of their lives.
Emperor Zhezong was pro-government, the political situation changed greatly, and the new party was revived. Chao Shuzhi was also affected by leaving the Beijing Division, following Zhang Wei as a phase, and then reviving the historical disaster, Chao Shuzhi sat and practiced the "Records of the Divine Sect" was untrue, so he was repeatedly belittled like his teacher Su Dongpo.
Po Lao is "Ask Ru Ping's life deeds, Huangzhou Huizhou Danzhou", while Chao Lizhi is "Piaoping and sudden rain, Xinzhou Huzhou Mizhou".
The party struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty is really very annoying, one after another is endless, the whole thing is that you sing and I appear, and it is chaotic.
The empress dowager listened to the government, reused the Yuanyou party members, chao supplemented the pardon, was summoned to the writings of Saburō, and returned to the capital; the good days have not yet tasted, Emperor Huizong is pro-government, and the party theory has resumed. Chancellor Cai Jing slandered Sima Guang, Su Shi, and one hundred and twenty others as "traitors to the party," and Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, and Chao Shuzhi were among them. As a result, he was relegated to Beijing.
At this time, Chao Shuzhi was over fifty years old, but he retired to the idle place of the Jinxiang homeland, and began an eight-year long career of dethronement. Because of his ups and downs in his life, he was repeatedly degraded, wandered in many places, and felt especially deeply about the life of the eunuch sea, so after he returned to the hermitage, he "returned to the garden, called himself a returning son, forgot his feelings, and Mu Tao dived into a person." This stage is also a bumper harvest period for his creation, with poems, words and texts in all its forms, showing his life and complex and contradictory mood in many ways, and achieving great results.
As the political situation eased, the party strife faded, and the old party members were all called to resume their duties, and Chao Was able to linger in the petty official position, and finally closed his tired eyes on a breezy mid-Autumn Festival night, aged 58.
"Buy Pi Tang, spin planted willows, faintly Huai'an Jiangpu; Donggao Jiayu new traces rise, sand herons come to the gulls to gather." In the love place, it is best to have a river of night moonlight flowing, and no one dances alone. Ren Cui Was open to the heavens, Rou Yin was on the ground, and the wine could not go.
Qing Aya quilt, Mo YiJin's old steps. Ru Guan had mistaken his body, and the bow knife had been ridden into something, and the Shaoping melon garden had been deserted. Jun tried to look, full of green mirrors, stars and sideburns are now as promised! The name of the name is like a ban chao, sealing the marquis, and calculating the fear of twilight. ”
Among Su Dongpo's disciples, it can be said that only Chao Shuzhi is the most master of Shen Yun, while the others are good at their own victories, especially Qin Guan, Yuan Shao Huajian and Southern Tang Relics, taking the path that Yan Ou implicitly implies, which is simply the opposite of Po Lao, and we can see from Chao Shuzhi's "Touching the Fish" that he is very similar to Su Dongpo's style of words.
Pitang willows, wild fun Tiancheng, Donggao new rain, lush grass, moon color, clear light, water and moon are integrated, the gushing flow, is difficult to distinguish the stream and moonlight, his pen is completely a quiet and harmonious picture of the moon in the mountains, but also the best scene in his mind.
Then the pen turned sharply, the scene was lyrical, and it was discussed, directly expressing his feelings of abandoning the officialdom and retreating from the rapids; he deeply felt that this was yesterday, and regretted that he had been in the official field and wasted time; the lyricist opened a letter to the mirror, which was already a white snow flying head, and also felt that the merit was like a cloud of smoke in the eyes, and finally it was a bubble.
This word is contrary to the traditional lexicographer's so-called "words must be like beautiful" convention, generous and straightforward, straight to the chest, full of words, feelings refreshing, broad words, in the style of Su Dongpo in the same line.
Of course, there is still a slight difference between Chao's words and Su Shi's style of words, he does not have the kind of dust extinct and transcendent extravagance of Po Lao, and some of them are arrogant and arrogant, that is to say, he is less of a transcendent god than Su Ci, and has more of a deep breath; just as Feng Xu said in the "Artemisia Anthem Discourse": "The childless are high-minded, and the heavy swallowing is excessive."
Chao's lyricist Cheng Su Shi, "the divine posture is high, and Shi Shi can be shouldered", he takes the word as a form of speech and nostalgia, the content is widely related to social life, rubbing it with the heart and experiencing encounters, the word style is more bold and majestic, the realm is more open, the meaning is more fluent, this has a great impact on the later Xin abandoned disease, the mood is the precursor of the Xin word.
Liu Xizai, a Qing dynasty, said: "There is no blame, the hall is quite large." It is known that Jiaxuan's "Touching the Fish" "can better eliminate several storms" was competed by later famous artists, in fact, there is no blame for the waves of "Touching the Fish" 'Buying Pi Pond and Spinning Willows'. ”
Chao's long tone is not only written majestically, but his small words are also very flavorful, very fresh and lovely, whether it is a farewell to sorrow or nostalgia, in his pen there is a different style; his song "Remembering the Youth , Don't Calendar" is a quite charming masterpiece.
Infinite official willow, ruthless painting, rootless traveler. Nanshan is still sent to each other, only the people of Gaocheng are separated.
The painting of the garden is cyan and blue, recalculated and completely old. Liu Lang sideburns are like this, the peach blossom color.
The opening sentence of a "three nothings" is different, the willow tree boat plus the drifting zero pedestrians, in the forest spring scenery into the parting of the melancholy, in the way of white depiction to highlight the desolation of the drifter, sigh the good scene is not often, the Chinese year is empty, there is a regret that lovers have no chance to gather, the whole word is clear and elegant and elegant and not beautiful, the South Mountain is sent, the high city is separated, the affection is lingering and sincere, and the charm is long-lasting.
In addition to poetry, Chao Supplement is also good at literature, poetry, calligraphy and painting. His prose achievements are higher than those of poetry, and his style is gentle and elegant, smooth and handsome. His prose is good at depicting mountain and forest scenes, especially "New City Tour to the North Mountain", which is the most popular.
"Thirty miles north of the new city, the mountains are getting deeper and deeper, and the grass, trees, springs, and stones are getting quieter." The first Yu rode between the stone teeth. The side is full of pines, the curved ones are like covers, the straight ones are like buildings, the standing ones are like people, and the lying ones are like false ones. There is a spring in the pine lower grass, depressed Fushimi; falling stone well, clanging but singing. The Matsuma vine is tens of feet and winds like a large salamander. There are birds on it, black as partridges, red-crowned and long-beaked, pecking and pecking.
Slightly west, a peak is superb, there is a strange middle, only can walk. Tie the horse stone, support each other and carry it up, and the basket does not see the sun, such as four or five miles, but smells the sound of chickens. There are monks and robes who come to greet them, talking with them, and are stunned, like an elk cannot be picked up. There are dozens of houses on the top, and the twists and turns are fenced against the cliff wall, such as snails swirling around it, and the door is worth. When you sit, the mountain wind blows and the bells of the halls and temples sound. The second and third sons looked at each other and were shocked, not knowing where they were. And twilight, all stay.
In September, the sky is high and clear, the mountains are empty and the moon is bright, and the stars are shining, as if they are suitable for people. Dozens of bamboo poles between the windows grind together, and the sound is endless. Bamboo plum brown, forest like a ghostly stand out of the sideburns. The second and third sons looked at each other and could not sleep. Late, all go.
After returning home for a few days, it is as if there is an encounter, because of the remembrance. After not returning, but often want to see its things also. ”
This "Journey to the North Mountains of Xincheng" is a representative work of Chao's prose, written during the two years that he was sent to Su Shi's home to personally listen to the teachings, and read it smoothly with Li Daoyuan's "Three Gorges", and never lost Liu Zongyuan's "Eight Records of Yongzhou", the so-called "imitation of the extreme work, the inscription is directly close to Liuzhou." "Yes and no; its style is steep and clean, and its language is condensed and simple," with the gradual deepening of the two sentences as a bone, written step by step, nothing more than a spectacle. The last paragraph is deep and aggressive, and it is like being in the middle of it, and there are paintings in the text. ”
Chao's life official did not do much, but the "History of Song" has a legend, although it is less than five hundred words, but its experience is very clear, it is said that as a person who has sunk into the subordinates, he must have regretted his literary name, so he did it.
As a talented literati, Chao Shuzhi is a good poet, calligraphy and painting, and the only one who can match it is Tang Zhimao, who is not only a poet with elegant talent, a gentle and elegant article, Ling Liqi is brilliant, but also works well on books and paintings, and in a set of ancient painting stamps issued by Taiwan Island, there is his painting of "Lao Tzu Riding a Bull", which shows that few people can reach his skill.
As for his calligraphy, he was in the prosperous period of calligraphy and painting art in the Northern Song Dynasty, coupled with his outstanding artistic talent and long-term diligent research and exploration, so he made outstanding achievements in the field of calligraphy and painting art; his Han Mo Danqing, which is recommended by all, and the works that have been handed down to the world are still shining and glorious, becoming an immortal treasure of Chinese calligraphy and painting art.
The Ming and Qing dynasties greatly admired Chao Shuzhi, and the Siku Quanshu not only included all his anthologies and wrote many summaries in a splendid manner, but also ranked Chao Supplement with Yan Shu, Su Shi, Zhou Bangyan, and Qin Guan as the five song words, and evaluated them very highly: "The words of the same uncle are gentle, the words of Dongpo are XuanXiao, the words of Meicheng are exquisite, the words of Shaoyou are beautiful, the words of no blame are majestic, and the only five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty can be called everyone." ”
However, for today's people, the understanding of Chao Supplement is far from the previous four; the reason is that it is still lost in the most famous poems, Su Dongpo does not say, Yan Shu has "helpless flowers to fall", Zhou Bangyan has "clear water surface, one wind and one wind", Qin Guan has "if the two feelings are long, are they in the twilight of the dynasty", and Chao makes up for it? It's a shame that everything is there.