The Taoist chief is the Daoist chief, and when talking about a problem or talking about this matter, we always have to ask the root cause, much like when we were children. The difference is that we always fail, and the Taoist will always give us a final answer, an answer that can at least be explained.
The following is the Explanation of The Dao Commander on Wang Guowei's "Words and Sayings in the World", or his consistent style, first of all, he will find out the author's growth experience, the background of the era in which the book was written, and the origin and origin of the key words in the book, although sometimes it will feel that it is long-winded, but it is worth our careful taste.
The personal sense of the Taoist sermon is to make a merit, to tell us a chaotic world, so that we are less confused, thank you Dao. Privately, I wondered: Why should a Buddhist be called a "Dao Chief"?
The reason why Tsinghua is Tsinghua is because she has bred and possessed many great figures. As Mei Yiqi, the old president of Tsinghua University, said, what is a university? Universities are not because they have buildings, but because they have masters. In the era of President Mei, Tsinghua really had masters, and his Institute of Traditional Chinese Studies had the so-called four masters, Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Chen Yinke, and Zhao Yuanren. Today it sounds like thunder, when the stars are shining, gathered in the same research institute of the same school, which shows how powerful Tsinghua is.
Today, we are going to talk about one of the four masters of major studies, Mr. Wang Guowei. Speaking of Wang Guowei, let's first clarify one thing, sometimes people call him Wang Guantang or Mr. Guantang, Mr. Jing'an, what is going on?
First of all, let's popularize the common sense of ancient Chinese, the names of the ancients generally have names, characters, and numbers. When a child is three months old, the parents will give the child a name, when the man is twenty years old and the woman is fifteen years old, the man will perform the crown ceremony, indicating that the adult can take the word. So what is this word used for? This word is used to come out of society to use, when you come out of society to do things, there will be some peers, there will be some juniors, they call you, they have to call the word. Otherwise, they will call you by your first name, which is not very polite, and we know that it is impolite to call you by your first name and by your first name.
Wang Guowei's character is called Jing'an, so in terms of doctrine or Taoism, if you think it is his junior, you may as well call him Mr. Jing'an. Speaking of Wang Guowei, this former Qing Dynasty Xiucai, he happened to be a typical figure of that era, not new or ancient. On the one hand, he was very Qing Dynasty, and not long after completing the exam at the end of the 19th century, he ran to learn Japanese, and at the Eastern Literature Society, he studied Kant philosophy, Schopenhauer philosophy and Western science with Japanese teachers, and went to Japan to study and cut his braids. However, after the Xinhai Revolution, he returned to China and wore braids again, what kind of character is this? It can be said that it is quite a contradiction between the new and the ancient.
Speaking of this, we cannot but say that his death is a very important thing in the history of modern Chinese culture. He committed suicide, what kind of suicide law did he do? On June 2, 1927, when the Northern Expedition Revolutionary Army was advancing north step by step, that morning, Tsinghua had just finished the suspension ceremony, he and his colleagues discussed how to enroll students next semester, and then took a break, called a rickshaw, and went to Xihe Garden. Alone, sitting alone by the side of the stone boat with a cigarette for a while, and then came to the Fish Algae Xuan on the edge of Kunming Lake, looking a little dazed, suddenly threw himself into the water and committed suicide by throwing himself into the lake. He didn't have long been in this lake, and he died very quickly, and even when he was rescued, he found that his underwear was still dry, so how could he die? The lake was not deep, and as soon as he threw it, his will to die was very firm, and he planted itself in this silt, and the silt in the lake stuffed his nose and mouth, and he suffocated himself like this.
His death is very suspicious, what exactly did he die for? He left a suicide note, saying that he had only one death left in his fifty years, and that after this life, he could no longer be insulted. There are many theories about what insults he has suffered, some people say that his friends can't live with him, some people say that he is in debt, and some people say that he is afraid of gd. I think the most reliable statement should not be martyrdom, but like his good colleague, Mr. Chen Yinke, said in his eulogy to him, chen Yinke said that anyone who is in a culture, conceived by this culture, and who is deeply cultivated by this culture, he must have a very strong feeling about this culture. So when he watches this culture die, he must have great pain, and that pain makes him finally, and if he pursues a kind of spiritual liberation and freedom and cannot follow the new era, then he may as well die. That's it, he died for culture.
Why would Mr. Jing'an die for a Chinese culture that had faded away in 1927 and could not be recalled?
We will now introduce one of his most popular and famous books, "Human Words".
Let's see how he interprets the essence of Chinese culture for us:
Words are at the top of the realm. If there is a realm, it becomes its own high grid, and it has its own famous sentences. The words of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty are the only ones here.
There is a creation of the realm, there is a writing realm, and this ideal and realism are divided into two schools. However, the two are quite difficult to distinguish. For the realm created by the great poet shall conform to nature, and the realm written shall also be adjacent to the ideal.
Words and phrases are a common way of doing literary criticism in ancient China, poetry, words, then this word, just like we are now talking about books, book reviews, is not too formal, with a kind of idle meaning, so Wang Guowei wrote this "Human Words" Although quite ancient, but on the other hand, it is very strange that we just said that he is a learning attitude that is not new and not ancient, not Chinese and not Western. He was the first person in China to bring the concepts and philosophical concepts of modern Western literary criticism into the collation and study of old Chinese literature and ancient literature.
However, in "Human Words and Sayings", his most famous work of literary criticism, he uses such a classical genre as words, because he uses this genre, so he cannot write and discuss literary concepts in a very systematic, very logical, coherent, and clearly defined way like a modern literary criticism work that we see in the West.
The first sentence of "Words and Sayings on Earth" already talks about one of the most famous concepts in his book, called realm. In the end what is the realm, of course, we Chinese know the realm, for example, we often say, this person has a high realm, this poetic realm is good, the painting realm is wonderful, but they will all say the realm, what does the realm mean, the kingdom maintains the whole book, almost talking about the realm, but the strange thing is that he can obviously but has not laid down a rigorous definition of the realm. No wonder many people have been bothered by this problem since then.
For example, the book "Words and Sayings on Earth" in my hand is very thick, and someone asked me why my book is so thick, and I explained to him that it is because this book is so thick because it is a compilation of the commentaries of famous masters of the past.
Especially with regard to the two words of realm, each family has its own saying.
Simply put, what is the realm, the realm is a foreign language in Chinese, it is transmitted from India, it was introduced to China together with Buddhism, the original Sanskrit is called "visaya", this Sanskrit involves another Buddhist term, called the six roots. It is what we usually hear saying that this person is six impure, or that person is six pure. The six roots are Buddhism that people have six sensory abilities, namely eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, that is, touch, and consciousness.
This meaning sounds a little difficult to understand, in English it is mind, it is spiritual consciousness, that is, Indians or Buddhists will think that the human mind is also a sense. The senses have the function of the senses, such as the eyes are used to see things, the ears are used to hear things, there is a word in the Buddhist language called six visions, that is, eye vision, ear vision, nasal vision, shedding vision, body vision and intentional vision, these six visions and six roots, if it wants to see, to feel the outside things, what is the name of the feeling? That is called the six dusts, the eyes see the color, the color is not empty and the color is not the color, the ear hears the sound, the nose smells the incense, is the taste, the tongue tastes the taste, the body corresponds to the touch, the touch, and the final meaning corresponds to the Fa. These are the six roots, the six visions, and the six dusts, which sound very complicated, and there are more complex ones, and they are about to talk about the realm.
The six roots contemplate the world, perceive the world, it is a Buddhist concept, very different from our general ideas. We ordinary people feel that the external world seems to be objective, a materialist point of view, that something objectively exists here, that it doesn't matter whether there is me or not, but what Buddhist theory thinks is, that the six functions of our six roots meet this world, and this thing within this world is called the realm.
The meaning of the realm is that my senses, my consciousness, project the scope of the world, it believes that the reason why the world is the world, the reason why it exists, is inseparable from my perception of the world.
So why does Wang Guowei write words, write words, write realms. Or, why Chinese talk about literature, art, culture, and love to talk about the realm and realm. This shows the ingenuity of our Chinese culture and Chinese aesthetics.
Code word tired, first break the meeting, not finished to continue...