Chess and Go are the treasures of our traditional culture and have been passed down for thousands of years. Among the senior leaders of our party and our army, there are also many people who like to play chess, and many of them have a fairly high level.
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Zhou Enlai liked to play chess very much, and his level was very high. In 1939, when he was working in Chongqing, he played two games of chess with the chess master Xie Xiaxun, who was known as the "King of Chinese Chess".
Zhou Enlai
In the first set, Xie Xiaxun let Zhou Enlai second, Zhou Enlai had to take the first hand, with the head cannon to start the game, when there was not much to go, the two shook hands and made peace. Zhou Enlai was skillful in chess, stable in defense, sharp in attack, changeable in technique, and full of general demeanor, xie Xiaxun was greatly surprised.
Zhou Enlai explained: "Chairman Mao Zedong advocated the development of sports and the revitalization of literature and art; chess equipment is simple and loved by the masses, so this sport is very popular in Yan'an. There was a chess tournament in Yan'an, Dong Lao (Dong Biwu) was the champion, I was only the runner-up. ”
In the second set, Xie Xiaxun let Zhou Enlai take the lead, and the two sides fought steadily and steadily, step by step, and the result was also a draw.
Xie Xiaxun
After playing chess, Zhou Enlai and Xie Xiaxun discussed the art of chess, and when the two talked about who was more powerful than the horse and the cannon in chess, Xie Xiaxun said: "The horse has eight sides of might, but it can be subdued by soldiers." ”
Zhou Enlai replied meaningfully: "After all, the masses are still powerful!" ”
Finally, at the suggestion of Zhou Enlai, Xie Xiaxun named the endgame of the second game of chess as "Jointly Relieving National Difficulties" and published it in the supplement of the "Ta Kung Pao", which caused great repercussions in society, and quickly raised the call for "adhering to unity, opposing separatism, persisting in resisting the war, and opposing surrender".
"Jointly relieving the national difficulties" endgame
During the Chongqing negotiations in 1945, one day Chiang Kai-shek said to Zhou En: "Too nervous, Enlai, how about our next game of chess?" ”
Zhou Enlai said happily: "Principal, Feng Accompany, this is really good, the two parties on the table are talking, and the Chu and Han under the table are fighting, it is very interesting!" ”
Zhou Enlai asked Chiang Kai-shek to go first, and Chiang Kai-shek did not resign, and used the "double artillery tactic" that he was best at, but Zhou Enlai became a bamboo in his chest, walked off his horse and closed the car, and inadvertently turned the danger into a disaster.
When the battle reached the middle of the battle, Zhou Enlai fought steadily and steadily, using pawns, cars, horses, and cannons to approach step by step, and Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and retreated, and Chiang Kai-shek wanted to repent, but he was afraid of losing his identity, and finally he could only abandon his son and seek peace.
In order to alleviate the embarrassment, Chiang Kai-shek asked Zhou Enlai: "Enlai has been with a famous teacher since he was a child, right?" ”
Chiang Kai-shek
Zhou Enlai replied with a smile: "Playing chess is just a hobby, where have you ever been from what teacher?" ”
Chiang Kai-shek said: "Alas, if you make a wrong move, you will lose every game!" ”
Zhou Enlai said with a pun: "The headmaster's artillery attack is still very powerful, but unfortunately the mistake lies in despising these millet plus rifles of mine!" ”
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Zhu De's chess skills were also very superb, in the war years, although he was busy with military affairs, he would still use all his free time to play a few games, and when he played chess, he would also tell the masses some revolutionary principles, whipped into the inside, vivid images, so that the listener was deeply benefited.
Jude
In mid-July 1939, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army was stationed in Brick Wall Village, Wuxiang County, located in the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in Shanxi. In his free time, he often plays chess with the local villager Li Zuogen.
When Li Zuogen first met Zhu De, he did not know his true identity, only to see that he was about 50 years old, looking very thick, Zhu De took the initiative to ask for a plate with Li Zuogen, and the two got down.
Zhu De has to go through every move of chess, taking a step is a step, never regret the chess, he also has the best skill in chess, that is, he can push all 5 pawns across the river, coldly eat the other party's car, horse, cannon. He said: "A pawn crosses a 'car' on the top of the river, and it is not enough to win a battle by relying on a general and not relying on soldiers." ”
Later, after Li Zuogen and Zhu De became familiar with him, they were occasionally able to win him, and even scolded Zhu De for "stinking chess baskets", and Zhu De was not angry and continued to play with him. Later, Zhu De's landlord told Li Zuogen that the person who played chess with him was Zhu De, the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, and he threw up his tongue several times in fright.
Sometimes when Zhu De and Li Zuogen were playing chess, there was a sudden emergency military situation, and he would instruct the guards to save the chess game and wait for him to return and continue to play.
In this regard, Li Zuogen once inexplicably asked Zhu De: "Why don't you even let go of a last game?" ”
endgame
Zhu De replied: "Playing chess is not only for entertainment, but mainly to exercise the brain, increase wisdom, and the next game must have a game of benefits." That is to say, to fight a war, we must strive to win a battle, and we must not give up halfway. ”
After Li Zuogen listened, he couldn't help but sigh: "The commander-in-chief is also fighting when he plays chess!" ”
Later, after the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army left brick wall village, Li Zuogen treasured the chess piece that he and Zhu De had played. In 1990, Li Zuogen's family donated chess to the Eighth Route Army Memorial Hall, which is now recognized as a national first-class cultural relic.
In the autumn of 1939, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army came to WangJiayu in the Taihang Mountains, and Zhu De heard that there was a great uncle named Zhang Bingwu in the village who was highly skilled in chess, known as "Zhang Gaoqi", so he took the initiative to challenge him again.
On this day, Uncle Zhang lost three games in a row, and the bureaus were all lost on the pawns, and Zhu De could kill all the pawns across the river in each round, so that Uncle Zhang could not resist and could only bow to the wind.
After Zhu De finished playing chess, he said to Uncle Zhang: "Playing chess is the same as playing devils, it is not enough to rely on our Eighth Route Army alone, but also rely on the people of our whole country; only when the military and the people fight side by side can we drive the Japanese out of China!" ”
After hearing this, Uncle Zhang was deeply inspired, and soon after, he and his son took the initiative to join the anti-Japanese people's self-defense force in the village.
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Peng Dehuai also loves to play chess, his chess skills are not high, but there is a "unique skill", that is, regret chess. Moreover, it is a game of chess that has been regretted many times, which has helped him win a lot of chess, and also reflects his spirit of doing things seriously and pursuing perfection.
During the Yan'an period, Peng Dehuai often challenged Ren Bishi: "If you dare to play the door, how can you tolerate you?" Ren Bi did not hesitate to fight after hearing this, and the two of them got down.
Ren Bishi
However, soon after the start of the war, Peng Dehuai took the wrong chess, he asked for repentance, Ren Bishi of course did not agree, the two sides actually fought back and forth, and argued for a long time.
After the founding of New China, Peng Dehuai's "chess friends" were very busy with their work, so he could only find opponents among the guards. There was a guard named Jing Xizhen, who when he first started playing chess with Peng Dehuai, he always lost because of his poor strength, but after a period of training, his chess strength soon came up.
Once when Peng Dehuai and Xiao Jing played chess, Xiao Jing attacked continuously, and soon gained the advantage, Peng Dehuai took the wrong chess at this time, he proposed to regret the chess, Xiao Jing was not easy to win the first game, of course, refused to agree, the two broke out a fierce quarrel, even alarmed Peng Dehuai's wife Pu Anxiu, she quickly came to be a peacemaker, only to calm the storm.
Peng Dehuai and Urayasu
One day in the autumn of 1953, Zhu De invited Peng Dehuai, Deng Xiaoping and others to go on an outing of the Ming Tombs together, and halfway to the road, Zhu De suddenly stopped and said to Peng Dehuai: "What else are you doing?" ”
Peng Dehuai immediately understood and replied, "Pendulum! ”
Deng Xiaoping and the others could not understand what they were saying, but the guards around the two marshals understood their code words, and they set up a camp bed, put the chess on it, and placed a maza on each side of the bed.
Everyone suddenly realized that it was the two marshals who were going to "kill" them.
From time to time, the two would fight for the face of a move, Deng Xiaoping took the initiative to become a referee, and Zhu De was always more convinced of his arbitration, but Peng Dehuai would always say a hard sentence: "Comrade Xiaoping, look at your face, I will let him take a step for the time being." ”
The accompanying photographer seized the opportunity to take a photo of Zhu De and Peng Dehuai playing against each other, and inscribed it "Zhu Depeng Dehuai can't stand each other, Comrade Xiaoping is silent in watching the battle", this precious photo is now preserved in the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution.
Zhu De and Peng Dehuai played chess
After the Lushan Conference in 1959, Peng Dehuai moved to a farm on the outskirts of Beijing called Wujia Garden. During this time, few people came to see Peng Dehuai, only Zhu De, who lived in the nearby Yuquan Mountain, came over occasionally, and after Zhu De came, there was nothing else to do, that is, to play chess with Peng Dehuai.
One day Zhu De came to Peng Dehuai to play chess again, and he picked out the chess pieces he had eaten on the chessboard, and like exhibiting the booty, he lined up the captured pieces. Peng Dehuai smashed his own chess pieces on the opponent's pieces when eating the pieces, and then cut them out from under the pieces, and casually threw the eaters outside the chessboard, as if he did not care about his own record.
If he encountered Peng Dehuai who wanted to regret the chess, Zhu De would quickly grab his hand and say loudly: "You can't rely on the chess, put it down!" ”
Peng Dehuai was anxious: "You are stealing food, not counting!" ”
Zhu De did not budge: "Eat your son, but also make a statement?" If the tactics don't work, they can't work, and what is the regret chess? ”
The two often went down from morning to dusk, and when Zhu De said goodbye before getting on the car, he always had to provoke Peng Dehuai: "Next time, never be soft, kill you three hundred plates, and have your good fruits to eat!" ”
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Unlike the above three leaders, Chen Yi likes to play Go. In 1920, when Chen Yi was studying in France, he met Li Lisan, who also happened to be a Go enthusiast, and the two also became friends because they often played chess.
Young Chen Yi
In 1921, in order to resist the "Sino-French University" in Lyon, France, depriving the international students of their right to go to school, Chen Yi and others led everyone to the school to demonstrate, but they were eventually arrested and imprisoned by the military police.
During their imprisonment, in order to relieve their bitterness, Chen Yi and Li Lisan picked up black and white stones, drew a Go board on the ground, and then attacked and killed each other, which suddenly enlivened the atmosphere of the entire prison. Later, they were repatriated by the French authorities, and they took this "earthy Go" to the ship returning home to chat at any time to relieve their boredom.
Once, when two people were playing chess on the boat, they were playing, and suddenly they quarreled because of a chess hand, both of them were acute, neither of them would let each other, and the onlookers all laughed.
Li Lisan was so angry that he threw a chess game directly into the sea. After a while, the anger of both of them was eliminated, and the chess addiction was also committed, but unfortunately there were no chess pieces, and I couldn't help but be annoyed.
Li Lisan
After the founding of New China, Chen Yi had more time to care about China's Weiqi cause, when New China was in ruins and waiting to be revived, and the development of Weiqi was also in a trough period, Chen Yi often said: "The national fortune is prosperous, the chess luck is also prosperous; the national fortune is declining, and the chess luck is also declining." ”
In 1950, when meeting with the famous Go player Guo Tisheng, he said: "Go was created by our country, and now Japan's level is higher than ours, and we must catch up with and surpass Japan." ”
Under the care of Chen Yi, who was the mayor of Shanghai at that time, Gu Shuiru, Wei Haihong and other veteran chess players who were nearly a flower armor were hired as Librarians of Shanghai Literature and History and were able to delve into the study of chess. In 1951, Chen Yi arranged for Ti sheng to prepare for the establishment of the Beijing Chess Club and began to train a group of young chess players.
Chen Yi (center) instructs his players in chess
In 1956, the National Sports Commission planned to hold a national chess tournament, but because the number of people who signed up for the Go tournament was too small, Go was only an exhibition game that year.
Chen Yi was determined to change this situation, and with his strong support, the number of people playing Go increased rapidly, and by 1957, Go was finally listed as an official competition at the National Chess Championship. However, there are only 27 Go players participating.
In January 1958, Chen Yi was appointed foreign minister, and soon after he took office, he received a Xinhua reporter and made a speech on the current Sino-Japanese relations, pointing out that the friendship between the Chinese and Japanese people cannot be destroyed, and he hopes that more peace-loving Japanese non-governmental organizations will visit China in the future.
In 1959, a delegation headed by Kenzo Matsumura, an adviser to japan's Liberal Democratic Party, visited China, and he and Chen Yi saw each other as they always were, and became chess friends, and the two played against each other many times in addition to talks.
Chen Yi (right) plays against Kenzo Matsumura (left).
Later, Chen Yi suggested to Matsumura as a friend: "Go, table tennis, calligraphy, and orchids can all communicate, not talk about politics, only about friendship." Matsumura readily agreed.
At the end of the visit, Matsumura Kenzo requested that when the trade between China and Japan reaches a certain scale and needs further development, China will send a Go delegation to visit Japan to promote the development of friendly exchanges between China and Japan with Go as a breakthrough. Chen Yi readily agreed that this was the famous "Go diplomacy."
In May 1960, the Japanese Go delegation came to China for a friendly visit and competition, and they played 30 games with Chinese players, resulting in chinese wins of 2 games, 1 game and loss of 27 games!
In particular, a female chess player named Ito Yue, who is only five dan in Japan, has won 8 consecutive Chinese top chess players, which has caused the Chinese side to lose face.
The huge gap made Chen Yi anxious, and he and He Long, director of the National Sports Commission, met with some chess players in Beijing on June 28, and he emphatically said: "I Chen Yi are here to please you!" Go, aimed at Japan, drew in 1962 and won in 1965! ”
Chen Yi instructed Xiao Qi's men to play chess
Under the active advocacy of Chen Yi, in 1961, the national Weiqi team was formally established, and in 1962, the Chinese Weiqi Association was established, and Chen Yi served as the honorary chairman. He wrote an inscription specifically for the "Selected Famous Scores of Go":
"The tattoos sit opposite each other and talk calmly. Study chess skills and innovate. Although chess is a small way, the character is the most respected. Chinese art has a long and deep roots. Inherited and carried forward, relying exclusively on Hou Kun. Treat the able and win the championship. ”
Under the care of Chen Yi, China's outstanding young chess players continue to stand out, the most prestigious of which is Nie Weiping.
Nie Weiping began to learn chess at the age of 9, and soon showed extraordinary talent for Go, Chen Yi knew it, so he specially invited him to play chess with himself and asked Li Lisan to accompany him.
Young Nie Weiping
Nie Weiping first defeated Li Lisan, and then played against Chen Yi, when playing, Chen Yi took a wrong move, he wanted to regret the chess, but Nie Weiping held down his hand and said: "There is no regret in falling!" This made Chen Yi and Li Lisan laugh.
Chen Yi also specifically told Nie Weiping about the current situation of Chinese Go is still very weak, and asked him: "Should we surpass Japan?" ”
Nie Weiping said: "It should be surpassed, it must be surpassed, I must study hard and win glory for the country!" ”
Nie Weiping's progress is very fast, and he won the national junior championship at the age of 10. In 1965, when Chen Yi met with the Japanese Go delegation, he took Nie Weiping's hand and said to them, "In a few years, he will defeat your Nine Dans!" Chen Yi also forwarded a pair of Go games given to him by a Japanese friend to Nie Weiping, encouraging him to continue his research.
In 1969, the 17-year-old Nie Weiping was sent to a farm in beidahuang as a zhiqing, because he was born with a weak physique and was far inferior to others when he performed labor, which gave him a big blow, but fortunately, he was accompanied by the go game that Chen Yi gave him, and he studied chess as soon as he had time, which gave him great comfort.
Nie Weiping
In 1976, in the Sino-Japanese Go Tournament, Nie Weiping, who led a delegation to visit Japan, defeated the then first-class Japanese player Yoshio Ishida Kudan, with a score of 6 wins and 1 loss, which was known as "Nie Whirlwind" in Japan, the go power at that time.
In the 1984 Sino-Japanese Go Tournament, Nie Weiping helped the Chinese team win the championship by winning consecutive victories over Japanese super-best players Koichi Kobayashi, Masao Kato and Hideyuki Fujisawa.
In the second ring match in 1986, Nie Weiping defeated the japanese five masters again, helping the Chinese team to turn defeat into victory. Since then, the level of Go in China has begun to surpass that of Japan, and the honor of a Go power has been regained.
Nie Weiping played chess
Later, whenever Nie Weiping recalled his Go life, he would say affectionately: "Without Marshal Chen Yi, there would be no me today!" ”