Excavation of the tomb of Tang Li Shuang in Sheephead Town, Xi'an
Cultural Relics, No. 03, 1959, Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee
The tomb is located on the south bank of the site of XiquJiangchi in Yangtou Town, Yanta District, 8 kilometers south of Xi'an. At the beginning of April 1956, the Spring Flower Society of Sheephead Town dug up the sealing soil on the tomb in the process of taking soil and fertilizer, and found that there were wall meat and other objects in the tomb, and immediately reported it to the relevant departments, and the 17H-28 Japanese Cultural Management Committee sent people to Luli. The tomb is north-south, the burial chamber is in the north, the tomb passage is in the south, there are three patios on the tomb passage, the tomb chamber is a brick chamber nearly square, 4.3 meters wide from east to west, 3.9 meters long from north to south, 6.5 meters in length, and the four walls are curved. The top of the tomb is similar to a pointed cone, and the bottom of the tomb is paved horizontally. On the west side of the burial chamber there is a brick coffin bed, 2.36 meters wide and 30 centimeters high, with an oval door on the side, with a stripe or handprint on the brick, and some with text. Human bones have decayed. The tomb is slope-shaped, 20.6 meters long, 7.8 meters from the surface at its deepest point, and a small cage is opened on each side of the south side of the first patio outside the Yongdao (Figure 2).
With funeral goods
This tomb has long been excavated by Tsuji, there is a robbery hole in the tomb entrance, which is breaking the first day outside, and the excavations in the tomb can be divided into the following categories:
First, bronze
1. Take a fishing piece 7.6 cm long and 2.7 cm wide, out of the rubble of the burial chamber (Figure 4).
2. Three pieces of small copper mirrors are 4.1 cm in diameter, two of which are decorated on the back - with a zigzag pattern, which can no longer be seen; one is unprinted, out of the chaotic soil of the burial chamber.
3. Three bubble nails 1.5 cm long, fund, out of the tomb in the mess.
4. Gilded bronze ornamentation is a flat strip, 8.8 cm long and 4 cm wide.
Second, the material vessel is fragmented, a cup, ochre yellow & left with scarlet objects (Figure 21). - the piece is green, like a flower shape.
Third, there is only one jade plate in the jade category, which is 0.5 cm thick and 8.7 cm wide, and has four small holes on it, which are worn and decorated.
Fourth, porcelain
1. A piece of porcelain bottle with a mutilated mouth, a slightly larger abdomen, a flat bottom, 17 cm high, a hard tire, a gray body, and a full body glaze, found in the northeast of the coffin bed (Figure 22).
2. Two porcelain jars, one 22.3 cm high, bean indigo, straight mouth, four series, found on the east side of the coffin bed; the other 30 cm high, small mouth, round lip, flat bottom of the bulge belly, four series on the shoulder, the tire is purple-gray, the upper part is glazed with indigo gray, and there are irregular opening pieces (Figure 1).
3. A porcelain pot 19.7 cm high, small mouth, large abdomen, animal-shaped handle, glaze, four series of shoulders, found in the chaotic soil of the eastern part of the burial chamber (Figure 20).
4 porcelain pieces of a piece of height £1, caliber 9 cm, the tire is white gray ' fine sand, rougher, the abdomen is coated with black glaze, out of the graveyard in the mud.
5. Porcelain stone a piece of semi-residual, height '3.5, face diameter 1L5 cm, round, below there are sixteen hoof feet, coated with glaze, found under the coffin bed south of this 016).
6. A piece of white porcelain plate with a caliber of 19.5, a height of L6 cm, coated with white glaze inside and outside, the tire is pale white, no circle foot, found in the chaotic soil under the third patio, and it is ruined.
Fifth, only one piece of the ware was found in the chaotic soil of the burial chamber, and it was mutilated.
Sixth, the figurines are all pottery figurines except for the two wooden figurines. Count two hundred-twelve pieces intact, and one hundred and thirty-two pieces in shape. The south corner and the nearest side east of the coffin bed. When these pottery were unearthed, some of them were pressed up and down, and some of them were crooked from side to side. Only the small hole in the tomb road is not disturbed, and it is relatively neat.
1. The head of the wooden figurine is 7 cm high, the left part of the face is burned, combing the double bun (Figure 25); the male figurine head has been halved, the face has been unrecognizable, the residual height is 5.5 cm, both found in the east of the coffin bed.
2. Two pieces of Tao Tianwang figurines are 99.5 cm high, upright, purple-faced, bruised, painted with gold, red, green, ochre, black, and white colors, and a cow under the feet; the other is 97 cm high, upright, leaning slightly to the left, and stepping on an animal under the feet (Figure 17).
3. Two pieces of town tomb figurines are highly eroded centimeters, painted with vermilion color; the other is 46.5 centimeters high, with a human face and an animal body (Figures 18 and 19).
4. The equestrian figurines come out of the small holes on both sides of the tomb, a total of forty-seven, the more complete forty-one, the legs are broken, there is a rectangular plate-like seat underneath, about 38- cm high, the female riding figurines are mostly green clothes, combing high buns, and also have red clothes and low buns (Figure 28). Male riders are mostly musicians, including pipe blowers and drummers. He looked vivid, wearing red lapels, some wearing a tassel (Fig. 23), and there were tendons in the legs of the horse, which were broken due to the age and disengagement of the bottom bracket. One of the colors of the horse is to paint pink white on the outside of the pottery tire, one is to paint red, and then use ink brush to draw the rear shaft of the braid. The male figurines are painted red and the female figurines are painted white.
5. Tao Nan prepared one hundred and five pieces, divided into three forms, one right hand lift placed on the chest, wearing a flat top black cross head, 23 cm high, a total of nine pieces of 3- 22 cm high, also the right hand lift placed on the chest, the head shawl, a total of eighty-seven pieces; one is 24 cm high, the left hand lift is placed on the chest red, the chest and the back of the tail are stained black, and there is a small seat under the foot (Figures 12, 13)
6. There are 27 pieces of pottery figurines, divided into two kinds; A slender, combed high police, long skirt tied to the chest, the skirt is drooping, its top has a bar ochre white Miao style, the lower skirt has a cylinder Chu Yu three colors, a total of twenty-five pieces, 25 cm high; One is a small bun, small in stature, wearing a flip-jawed suit, with two colors of bar edges, a total of two pieces, 2 cm high (Figures 27, 11).
7, Tao Niu two pieces of form tears, 14 cm long, broken legs, the same out of the dish road East Small Energy; The other piece has a dark cylinder color on the outside.
8. Tao Zhou a piece of bent head as a standing, 16 cm long, inscription, out of the Ki Zun Dong Xiao Neng.
9. The pottery dog nine pieces of high car, 10.7 cm long, as a curled volt formation, out of the capsule of the east small energy, the fetal arm is earthen tank color, the outside is ashamed of powder, in the mouth, abdomen, femur, ridge of each part of the black spots.
10. The five pieces of pottery pig are 5.5 meters high and 92 cm long, two of which are from the west of the tomb, and the other three are from the east of the small Xinnei, with bar tires, and the outside is dyed black (Figure 15).
11. The five pieces of pottery sheep are 6 pieces high and 10.5 cm long, out of the tomb road West Xiao Xin Bing, as an ambush formation, the tire is placed in the soil bar, the external white powder is applied, and the mouth, abdomen, ridge and femur are embellished with black spots.
12. Eight pieces of pottery are 82 cm high, from the east side of the tomb, small and erect, the head and wings are dyed earthy red, the chest and hind tail are dyed black, and there is a small seat under the feet (Fig. 14).
7. Pottery bricks and tiles
1. The clay pots are four 28 cm high, found on the coffin bed, the portions are everywhere, all have a lid with a small twist, color gray, hard, outer soup white powder. (Figure 3)
2. There are ink damage on the four bricks with words; "The twenty-third day of October reaches the Lord... Mouth mouth tomb special... Mouth mouth mouth mouth mouth It was found in the top bricks when cleaning the curtain tiles, which are 32 long, 16.3 wide, 6 cm thick, and have sugar on the back.
Murals and epitaphs
There are twenty-five remaining murals, sixteen of which are relatively complete, in the tomb and the curtain passage, due to the old rain soaking, the acid fell very profitably, and the Tang tomb murals found before generally have four gods, but there are no four gods in this mu. On the east wall at the entrance of the moudao there are six men with flat leather boots (only cattle remain), the last one with a sword at the waist, three people with leather boots on the west wall (only the lower half remains), two people at the back with a sword each around their waists, and a palace with vermilion painted on the east and west walls outside the Yongdao entrance, but unfortunately collapsed during the cleanup. The mural from the rain tunnel entrance inwards reads as follows:
First, the first (Figure 8) of the East Wall, a male civil servant with both hands holding a wat and bowing his hand, wearing a black mold head, a bar robe, boots, a small bag on his belt, facing north, the keto bone dyed a bar color, 147 meters high. (Figure 30)
Second, the second painting of a woman with two hands holding a wat upright, her head combed in a bun, the top is white, the lower cyanosis is white, and the red pattern is painted on it, 1.10 meters high, facing south, opposite the first person (Figure 29).
Third, the third of the east wall in the tomb, painting a high-haired woman, holding a whisk of dust, wearing a red dress, the lower skirt is white and painted with red stripes, the foot is like a foot, the face is biased to the left, and the height is L5 meters. (Figure 31)
Fourth, the fourth painting of the east wall is a male musician, wearing a Upu head, a red 1 bag, a small bag hanging on the belt, the pants are tied under the mouth, the painting has a black and green stripe, the hand is holding the Portuguese, the face is slightly northward, and it is blown. 1.40 m (Figure 32).
Fifth, the fifth painting of the east wall is a woman, combing a bunch of buns, the top is red, the cuffs are narrow, the lower skirt is green, the hands are dusty, the face is slightly north, and the height is 145 meters. (Figure 33)
Sixth, the sixth painting of the east wall is a woman, with a drooping beard, holding a thing in her hand, like a tuan fan, the face is slightly to the left, the top is white, the lower skirt is red, the green belt is hanging, the black shoes are exposed, and the height is 1.44 meters (Figure 34).
7. The north wall (Fig. 6) is the first person to draw a female music from east to west, with a slightly detached head, a double beard, holding a horizontal flute as a playing posture, a red tunic, a white skirt with a red pattern, a green scarf hanging from the lower part of the waist, and a height of 147 meters (Figure 35).
Eighth, the second painting of the north wall is a female musician, with a high headdress and an ochre red top,
The upper skirt is painted with red and green stripes on the white, holding the pipe in both hands, facing right, making a performance shape, and the height is 1.1 million meters (Fig. 36). -
The third painting of the I dagger wall is a woman, with a long bun, holding her hands on her right shoulder, with four cups on the plate, the top is white, the lower skirt is red, and the height is 1.35 meters (Figure 37).
10. The fourth painting of a woman on the north wall, with a double beard, drooping near the ear, a red top, a lower skirt • green on the red, holding a plate of large belly pot in both hands, L35 meters high (Figure 38).
11. The west wall (Figure 7) counts the first person from north to south, with only the head left, facing south (Figure 5).
The second painting of a woman on the west wall, with her legs peeled off, her head combed with a double beard, holding a plate on her left shoulder, six cups on the plate, the top is white, the bottom cyanosis is red, and the height is 1.31 meters (Figure 40).
13. The third painting of a woman on the west wall, her head hair bun and the lower part of her back and feet are peeled off, facing north, holding a black cup in one hand; on the other hand, she is placed in a protective shape, her blouse is red, and her lower skirt is a white upper painting of Qi color stripes, with a residual height of 1.30 meters (Figure 39).
The fourth painting of a man on the west wall is a man', crippled, with a height of L27 meters (Figure 10).
The south wall was originally painted with figures, which have been stripped away.
Fifteen, the west wall of the Yongdao from north to south counts the first painting of a woman, the upper half and right foot have been peeled off, the right hand is raised in front of the chest, the left hand is hanging down at the waist, green top, red skirt, residual height of 78 cm.
Sixteenth, further south, that is, the outermost part of the west wall of the Yongdao Road, draw a literary official, wearing a black head, red robes and black shoes, bowing down, facing north, 1.fine meters high, and dying a piece of red on the forehead of the face.
In these murals, except for the tomb passage and the Yongdao, between the paintings in the tomb room, the beams and pillars are painted in scarlet. The paintings in the tomb are all painted in color, while the paintings in the tomb passage are all painted in monochrome ink.
The epitaph was found on the yongdao intersection outside the tomb sealing door brick, stone, side length 83, thickness of 29 cm, covered with a seal book: "Tang Dynasty Silver Jing Guanglu Doctor Shou Si Tai Chang Bo Li Cemetery Inscription', the periphery and side are decorated with three layers of patterns, the zhishi is engraved around the zodiac, three on each side, the inscription is a total of forty-three lines, each line is forty-four characters, except for the empty space, a total of 1,774 characters (Figure 11, 玆). According to the inscription, the deceased was Li Shuang, who died on July 4 of the first year of the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (668 AD) at the official residence of the Imperial Palace in Jiucheng Palace, at the age of 76, and on November 22 of the same year, he was buried with his wife Zheng in the border of Mingtang County, Yongzhou. According to the Li Shuang Book of Tang, the author of the epitaph inscription is Lantai Shi Cui Xinggong. The New Tang Dynasty Book of Two Hundred and One Confucian Articles has a record of him.