Original Que Wei Hang 8 pm yesterday
Yuan Ming's selection of poems is really exquisite
——Read "Suiyuan Poetry"
Editor's note: In China, the 1980s were a particularly enthusiastic historical period. Whether it is ideological emancipation, literary creation, historical review, institutional change and future development direction, its depth and sharpness have become absolutely loud. A group of college students emerged during this period, which can be called the best of the times. Mr. Que Weihang is one of them, and he has a lot of experience in learning and writing.
Today, I push the "poetry" of his "Poetry", please taste it from readers at eight o'clock.
Chinese Qing Dynasty Poet Yuan Ming (1716-1797), Qianlong and Jiaqing years of the "generation of altar masters", poetry "sexual spirit" standard-bearer, his foreign nearly 600,000 words of "Suiyuan Poetry" has no shortage of its own family of poetry appreciation, creative view, enough for people to speculate, after the advent of a popular paper. "Poets, discerning syntax, preparing ancient and modern, remembering virtue, recording strange things, correcting mistakes." ("Xu Yanzhou Poetry") After the Fall of the Tang and Song Dynasties, poetry creation flourished, and poetry criticism and appreciation texts were also popular, and by the Qing Dynasty, it had become a grand view. On the occasion of collecting and selecting a large number of contemporary poets of all walks of life, "Suiyuan Poetry" uses essay writing methods to record and comment, argue and highlight its aesthetic concept of "sexual spirit theory". In my opinion, this legendary work of Yuan Ming, the "Old Man of Suiyuan", has made great contributions to the collection and evaluation of a large number of poetry and even folk poems, and also shows his vision and courage as a connoisseur, poet and editor and publisher.
"Choosing poetry is like using talents"
As a famous and talented poet, Yuan Ming has been collecting and editing poetry for many years, and he is knowledgeable and knowledgeable, and he is quite particular about how to choose poetry and what poems to choose, and has his own standards. He said in the "Poetry of Suiyuan": "If you choose poetry to use talents, the door must be wide, and the adoption must be strict,...... Taste the 'slogan' cloud: "The sound of the palace must be crisp, and the taste is sour and salty as long as it is fresh." (vol. 7-32) When he was compiling the Poetry, hundreds of people in Hangzhou, Nanjing, and other places rushed to present their own poems ("Fight for poetry, without worrying about a hundred poems"), taking pride in being selected, even if only one or two excerpts were satisfied. Yuan Ming does not take poetry from people, but looks at whether the poem itself is "crisp" enough and "fresh". Someone once asked for a poem of a certain "giant duke" to be selected for the "Poetry", and Yuan Ming, who was drowsy and sleepy, said bluntly: "The poem is very old and quite kung fu; but it is not nothing to be blamed, there is no thorn in the thorn, and there is nothing to pick." (Addendum, vol. 2-72). The "Poetry" also records an incident, saying that it is a certain Taishi who was "friendly" with Yuan Ming to deliver more than forty volumes of poetry, and wanted to collect several words into the "Poetry", Yuan Ming "suffered too much, and corporal Zhou Wutang of the Tomen took the place of kanzhi." After Zhou Kan read the poem, he replied: "He bitter old word altar, don't tune the pieces." Phi Sha 30,000 Hu, it is difficult to check the inches of gold. "Yuan Ming read it" unconsciously laughed, drama and clouds: 'Spend the summer idle, read the people's poetry scrolls.' Choosing poems such as color selection is always difficult to feel moved. (Addendum Vol. 1-53)
"Poor Poetry Has Wonderful People"
Yuan Ming once summed up "Choosing a family to choose a poem about a neighbor has seven diseases", and he also admitted: "The friendship of oneself, listening to the requests of others: seven diseases also." The last one, the rest of the poems, cannot be avoided. (Vol. 14-2) It can be seen how many acquaintances and even acquaintances seek to choose poems, some of the "face" can not be completely erased, but through the whole "Suiyuan Poetry", the selected poems or excerpts are mostly cloth clothes, poor poets, not to the dignitaries and nobles, and even many women and peddlers and pawns of the sentences were selected by them, which was extremely rare in the literary world and society at that time, and it was also in line with his poetic concept and original intention of compiling poetry as the leader of the "Sexual Spirit Sect" in the poetry world. Yuan Ming never hid that "the most love of romance" and "every time Yu goes to Suzhou and Hangzhou, he will collect poetry and return to his glory; where sex is delayed, he will grow old and more and more devoted." Of course, the selected poems must be poems of true temperament, in short, whether it is a sentimental object, a travel lyric, or a historical satire, it is always necessary not to fall into the clichés and have their own characteristics, all of which are based on the aesthetic concept of his "sexual spirit theory" poetry, and his emphasis on poetry selection is also implemented on this foundation. Compared with some of the great celebrities, Yuan Ming praised "the poor poets have wonderful people", quoting poems such as Chen Guyu: "The rain is dim and the alleys are flameless, and the wind passes through the walls of the poor homes with sound." "Occasionally, the poetry is tired and reduced, and the amount of food in the barren year is added." Yang Sili: "The poor family stays with his wife, and his sick and idle travel provokes his mother's sorrow." Zhu Caoyi: "The bed burns every night to borrow the monk's bed, and the wife often sends the grain to the mother's house." Xu Lanpu: "Poor most dressed woman, crying that the neighbor's lunch is fragrant." "All poor language also. Changzhou Zhao Mouyun: "Too poor often afraid of people and thieves, long-term illness is suspicious of dogs and immortals." "Short-breath Mo Shu credit wine coupons, suo kui first long slammed the door." Yuan Ming said that these verses flowed with true feelings, showing all kinds of poverty and embarrassment. (Volume 3-11)
Encouraging and promoting poets because of his appreciation of poetry is also a habitual move in Yuan Ming. One year, he asked someone to recommend a copyist Huang Sheng, "people are very simple and wild", once Yuan Mei occasionally passed by Huang Sheng's desk and saw Huang Sheng's poetry Yun; "The monks sell street tiles, and the dujing people compete for the evening spring." Yuan Mei was amazed, that is, he rewarded Huang Sheng with five buckets of rice, and Huang Sheng, who was encouraged, worked harder to compose poetry from then on. "Suiyuan Poetry" selects many of Huang Sheng's best poems, and the five sentences are: "The clouds open and the sun is straight, and the rain falls and the water is round." "Bamboo sharpens through the mud wall, and flies fall on the wine." "Fishing for a long time knows the nature of fish, and the tree knows the name of the tree." "The pen is used together, and the ink is grinded together." Seven Words Cloud: "The small window is near the water and the cold is partial, and the ancient wood covers the dawn of the sky." "The mud is still green in the old life, and the water is fragrant when the new flowers fall." The old people are afraid of idle water, and it is difficult to make up for the paste poems when the walls are broken. "There is a curtain when the sill clouds are still entering, and no guest pushes the door to open the wind." (Volume 5 of 5)
"Poetry often has the mischievous and untouchables blurt out"
Yuan Mei once sighed: "Collecting poems is like scattering relief, and it is better to abuse it than to leave it behind." However, those whose poems have not been engraved would rather be lost. Those who have already engraved the manuscript may wish to leave it behind. (Addendum 8-25) He always held an open attitude in his selection of poems, adhering to the criterion of winning by quality, and also tried to favor poets who did not have the opportunity to collect poems, even if they were only the first students or even the "lowly workers" who were despised by social prejudice, that is, the car sellers. In Yuan Ming's decades of social travel, style collection, and compilation career, he came into contact with and realized that "poetry often has deformed and unworthy workers blurt out" (addendum volume 10 of 38), so the "Poetry" does not spare the length, a large number of poems that fall to the bottom of the first Xiucai and even the bottom of society, such as the poem of Wu Kun, the "Luxu Sewer" (tailor): "The light rain is shady and the stone moss is dotted, and the flowers are scattered and wandering." Wandering and sweeping the flowers by themselves, the flowers can't sweep the rain and come again. Hangzhou seamstress Zheng Mou's poem: "Bamboo beds are fragrant with new straw, and cloth clothes do not warm old cotton flowers." There is also Han Ximen Yuan who sells gluten for a business, and his "Yongxue and Dongpo"; "Strange bottom six flowers are difficult to embroider, where the beauty is on the tip of the needle." Yuan Ming read it pleasantly, saying that although they were "all lowly workers, the poems were quite interesting." (Addendum vol. VIII-XXXII) In Book VIII of the Poetry, the old man in the garden records that there are hoop coopers who are old, and their sons are frozen from time to time. Sons and grandchildren, old people love grandchildren, often in their arms. People laugh at it. The old man chanted: "I remember raising my son when I was raised, and my son is raising grandchildren now." My son is hungry, I am hungry by him, and I will not send my grandson to starve my son! Yuan Ming praised the profound meaning of this poem. It is also recorded that a prostitute in his hometown (a peddler who sells trafficking) is not very literate, but he has to learn songwriting and compose a weeping mother poem: "Shout, cry, the voice of the child is habitual; how should the mother not be?" Yuan Mei commented: "Although the language is slang, the smeller moves. ”
"Homely words are the best in poetry"
All of Yuan Ming's selected poems are measured, paying attention to temperament, and the selection of poems of the same nature and mood is manifested in his special praise for homely and colloquial poetry, which is particularly grounded. For example, he said that "homely words are the best in poetry", and selected the poems of "Peony" of the ancient fishing cloth of The Cloth Cloth: "The height of the building has its own red cloud protection, and the flowers need green leaves to help." In the early Qing Dynasty, Xu Guanshi's "Sending Concubines" verse: "Shanbao Yurong complained goodbye, pitiful and useless and hurt his body." "All are homely slang into poetry and easy to sing and circulate. (Addendum Vol. 1-25) is also known as "oral speech, and what can be said is natural." Selected poems for example include the recitation of Fen's "Winter Warmth" cloud: "The grass marks back to the bi willow shu buds, and the eyes turn to suspect that the chronology is poor." It is a pity that the light cold is heavy and strangled, otherwise the small peach blossoms will bloom all over the place. Huang Jiaomen "Bamboo Branches" Yun: "Self-selected good days to go to Qingqing, invite female companions to do their best." Concerned about the fear of rain, one night the east wind side listened. Fan Shousheng has a sentence cloud: "The master does not follow the fashion body, and good poetry only says the eyes and the side of the love." Another cloud said: "If you don't plant a plane tree before the steps, where is a leaf of wind?" Greedy for the night cool window, autumn insects flew on the reading lamp. "These verses are vernacular and full of charm.
"Poetry is the best"
In "Suiyuan Poetry", it is repeatedly emphasized that "poetry has the best natural sound" and "children's language is ultimately the true language", and all kinds of children's poems in the street are also affirmed artistically. One day Yuan Ming watched two children flying kites, one of them was very happy with the wind, and the other said in a poem: "Advise Jun Mo to be surprised that the east wind is good, and it can be blown down." Yuan Mei heard "Deep Joy". (Addendum Vol. 7bis) There is also a scholarly poem by the drama village: "Half of the pitch-black thatched firewood house, the pig's nest and cattle pen bath pot are connected." The shepherd boy sat in a cross-legged manner, and 'Heaven and Earth Xuan Huang' shouted for a year. Yuan Ming recorded it, saying that "the last sentence is very interesting". (Vol. 8-37) also known as Tong Zi A mockery of his master Yun: "Dressed in a big way, the corrupt qi is afraid of every day." "There is a meaning of Taibai's "Mocking Ru". (Addendum Vol. 6-8) The Poetry Supplement Volume 5-10 records: "Xiangtan Zhang Zidan Nine Ju Thirteenth Year, Climbing the Quarry Taibai Building to compose songs, people called 'Taibai Hou'. There are many clouds in the middle: "Qiankun is vast and the sun and the moon are white, and the people in the middle of the country cannot tolerate it." Empty with horses and five flowers, laughing at the wind and dust two thousand stones. Since the fall of Daya for a long time, there have been few independents in the past. When the public does not come and I also go, Lou Ying Xiao Xiao is sad to kill. 'The fruit has a green lotus flavor. ”
Yuan Ming thought: "He who is a poet does not lose his pure heart." Good poetry is often "wonderful in the language of all children". Long-term frequent selection of poems, collecting style, although Yuan Ming himself has paid countless efforts and time, but also benefited a lot, frankly said that "village children, pastoral vertical, a word and a smile, are my teachers, good to take into a good sentence." In his poem, he recorded a load of dung in the garden, and one day reported happily under the plum tree; "There is a flower! After Yuan Ming listened to it, he aroused inspiration and recited a poem: "The moon reflects thousands of 'characters', and frost gaomei is pregnant with a flower." (Book IIbis IV)
"Gentlemen do not speak nonsense"
It is not easy to choose poetry, it is not easy to achieve equality in front of the work, Yuan Ming knows better the truth of "gentlemen do not use people to talk nonsense", as a poet with a high appreciation, he greatly appreciates the poetry of Yan Song, Ruan Dacheng and others, and also chooses some of their good sentences, although they are a generation of notorious adulterers. In the Suiyuan Poetry Supplement, vol. 7-52, he called Yan Song's Collected Works of the Mountain Hall "quite impressive, such as; 'The curtain suddenly frightens the mountain fog, and the nearby village chief listens to the waterfowl crying.'" ''The willow pine on the sand is smokey, and the geese in the pavilions by the water's edge echo. 'All cute also. He also quoted Ruan Dacheng's poem: "'Lu Liang collects insect language, and the wind is good and fixes fireflies.'" The last five words are quite thought-provoking. ”
It was in the "Suiyuan Poetry" that a large number of poems by low-ranking people in society and even "lowly workers" were recorded, although before and after the "Suiyuan Poetry" was printed, "from the imperial court secretary to the market to the market, everyone knows that it is valuable, and there are people from overseas Ryukyu who come to ask for his books." (Yao Nai's "Yuan Suiyuanjun's Epitaph and Preface") But there are also noises that question "the collection of "Poetry" is too indiscriminate", Yuan Ming ignored or feared the accusations from the scholar-doctor class, and responded frankly and generously: "However, the work of "Poetry" is brainstorming, subtle and subtle, and Ning Indiscriminate: "Can't it be?" Yuan Ming also emphasized: "Since Yu composed the "Poetry", and the four parties used poetry to seek entry, they came like clouds. I don't know the poetry, not the selected poems. The best of the poems, the ones who choose them, the poems must first have words, and then there will be poems. There are thousands of people who come with poetry, and I am the only one who adds words. "It is enough to explain that the selected poems are recorded according to their own appreciation and evaluation, even if they are broader, they are enough to be subtle and subtle, so that people can taste the wonders of the poetry of various poets, highlighting the different levels and standards that Yuan Ming really pays attention to in selecting poems."
The poetic habitat of the old people in the garden
Yuan Ming, born in Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the fifty-fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1716), was admitted as a jinshi in the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), was awarded the Title of Shu Jishi of the Hanlin Academy, entered the Hanlin Academy, and entered the career path. Three years later, he went to Shuyang (present-day Jiangsu) and Jiangning (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) and other places to serve as Zhi County, because of his integrity and kindness, he was diligent in governing the government for officials, and his reputation was quite good, but how could his poet's true colors endure the constraints of feudal officialdom for a long time, and in the winter of the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748), six years after Guanzhi County, Yuan Ming, who had no intention of pursuing a career, resigned from his official position and returned to Li, leaving the official field full of right and wrong and incest. Because he loved the beautiful mountains and rivers and the humanistic atmosphere of the ancient capital Jinling, he purchased the 200-acre garden villa "Sui Garden" in the foothills of Xiaocang Mountain (now Wutai Mountain) in the city for "three hundred gold". According to legend, the former site of the garden was originally the "Wu's Garden", a private villa of the late Ming dynasty scholar Wu Yingji when he lived in Jinling, and later purchased and rebuilt by Cao Xueqin's father Cao Fu; because the Cao family was later convicted, the garden was confiscated by the Yongzheng Imperial Court and allocated to the successor Jiangning weaving Sui Hede for use. When Yuan Mei bought the Sui Garden, "the garden was tilted and decadent, its room was a liquor store, the public opinion was loud, the birds were disgusted, they refused to lie down, the hundreds of flowers were thankful, and the spring breeze could not be flowered" (Yuan Ming's "Records of the Garden"), a desolate and chaotic scene. After his meticulous planning and renovation, the environment is quiet and elegant, pleasing to the eye, and renamed "Suiyuan", which means to follow nature and be at ease with encounters. There are many ink-like writings in the "Poetry of Suiyuan" to write about the environment of Suiyuan scenery, and explain: "Xueqin wrote a part of "Dream of the Red Chamber", which is to record the prosperity of the wind and moon, and there are so-called grand gardeners, that is, Yu Zhi Suiyuanye. ”
Yuan Ming retired to the garden for nearly 50 years, self-cultivation, diligent writing, pleasant and happy "here there are lofty mountains, lush forests and bamboo; is able to read the three graves and five classics, eight suo nine hills" (Yuan Ming Xiaocang Mountain Fangyanglian) of Jinling, in addition to the annual irregular trips to the good mountains and waters of Shenzhou, Suiyuan is the poetic habitat he dreamed of, is the most important "study" in his life. In ordinary years, there are literati from all over the world visiting the garden, poetry collections are continuous, and even open to the public on the best days of the four seasons, "because the garden is full of flowers at four o'clock, benefiting the sound of insects and birds, the scenery of rain and snow, so that tourists continue to travel, and the number of tourists in the heyday reaches more than 100,000 people..." (Chen Yifu of the Republic of China, "Jinling Garden Villa Chronicle" volume)
Yuan Ming's lifelong works are very rich, "Kokura Shanfang Anthology", "Suiyuan Poetry", "New Harmony", "Suiyuan Food List" and so on are all handed down to the world, covering literature and art, criticism, aesthetics, diet and many other fields, with far-reaching influence. These achievements made him, together with Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan, and known as the "Three Great Men of the Right Of The Jiang" during the Qianlong period. As an ally of the "Sexual Spirit Sect" and a "generation of riot masters", Yuan Ming was unique among the four major schools of the Qing Dynasty poetry circle (the other three schools were the Shen Yun School represented by Wang Shichen, the Style School represented by Shen Deqian, and the Texture School represented by Weng Fanggang), and before opening up the atmosphere, he held high the banner of "Sexual Spirit Theory", swept away Shen Deqian's "style theory" of mud and the antiquated atmosphere of Weng Fanggang's poetry, and swept the Poetry Circle of the Qing Dynasty.
The vision and insight of a poet and editor
"Suiyuan Poetry" is widely recorded, the selected poems come from thousands of households inside and outside the poetry world, do not choose between names, regardless of whether others are Zang or not, although some are inevitable to sing and write for entertainment, but also value whether they are readable and readable, so although the selected poems have their own temperament, lyrical narratives may not have deep meaning, but as long as they are tasteful and fresh, it is enough. Overall, reading, Yuan Ming presents to the world is a work with his personal taste and orientation, the poem must be elegant and clear, but also vivid and vivid, highlighting the three factors of true feelings, personality, and poetic talent, which is the necessary needs of the main body of poetry creation, that is, the main viewpoint of the aesthetic poetry theory of "Sexual Spirit Theory", so throughout the entire "Suiyuan Poetry", it has formed Yuan Ming's unique aesthetic vision and wind bone, highlighting the vision and insight of a poet and editor.
From this, I think of the American "Reader's Digest" that has been popular in the reading industry for decades, and the "Reader's Digest" (now renamed "Reader") edited and published by Lanzhou, China, which imitates it, and the selected abstract sentences of this kind of abstract magazine can best show the editor's mental insight, either ingenuity and sloppiness or arbitrariness, which may be lackluster in compilation, but also can be accurately planned and arranged to be pleasing to the heart. Dozens of long and short articles in each issue are gathered like scattered sand or scattered beads, and the articles are not bounded, but on the whole, they should always convey a certain style, taste or theme, so that readers can choose and appreciate each other. The American "Reader's Digest" also takes the civilian route, the selected articles or teachings, or applause, or novels, or American texts, inclusive of hundreds of families, elegant and popular appreciation, not difficult nor kitsch, more interesting and extensive knowledge, in the United States and even the world readers have an excellent reputation, long-term prosperity, enough to prove the depth of the magazine's editorial skills and dedication, insight.
Yuan Ming's selected poems and "Reader's Digest" seem to be eight poles can not be hit together, in fact, the goals of the ancient and modern Chinese and foreign reading circles of the editorial circles are not much different, even if the wonderful works of wonderful literature are hung up, the more enjoyment and enlightenment for readers, the more the better. Chinese newspaper is also known for the tradition of supplements, and the garden of supplements is of course also a world where editors, authors and readers gallop together, and editors are the master of planning, and the exquisite reference of Yuan Ming's selection of poems still has the value of ancient and modern use.
The author is a freelance writer