(Splendid Beach original works, reproduction is strictly prohibited)
Today's Three Kingdoms idiom story is found in the first time in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which occurred during the first battle after Liu Guan's three brothers became an army, and the relevant characters were Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. The original text is as follows:
When Xuande talked about the sect, Liu Yan was overjoyed and recognized Xuande as his nephew. Within a few days, people reported that the Yellow Turban Thieves would command Cheng Yuanzhi to command 50,000 troops to attack Zhuo County. Liu Yan ordered Zou Jing to lead Xuan De and three other men, command five hundred troops, and go to break the enemy. Xuan De and the others gladly led the way until they reached the foot of Daxing Mountain to meet the thief. All the thieves wore their hair and smeared their foreheads with yellow scarves. At the moment, the two armies were facing each other, Xuan De came out of the horse, there was a cloud chief on the left, and a wing on the right, and he shouted: "Anti-national and anti-thief, why not surrender early!" Cheng Yuanzhi was furious and sent his deputy general Deng Mao to battle. Zhang Fei stood up and stabbed Deng Mao's heart socket, turning over and falling off his horse.
Cheng Yuanzhi saw that He had folded Deng Mao, slapped the horse dance knife, and took Zhang Fei directly. Yun Chang danced a large knife and flew to meet him. Cheng Yuanzhi saw it, was taken aback earlier, caught off guard, and was swept into two pieces by the cloud long knife. Later generations have poems praising the two people: the hero Lu Ying in this dynasty, a spear and a knife. At the beginning of the show, the power will be displayed, and the name will be marked with three points. When the thieves saw that Cheng Yuanzhi had been beheaded, they all turned against each other and left. Xuan De chased after him, and countless people surrendered, and returned with a great victory. Liu Yan personally greeted and rewarded the sergeant. The next day, he received the Qingzhou Taishou Gong Jingmuwen, saying that the Yellow Turban Thieves would besiege the city and beg for help. Liu Yan consulted with Xuan De. Xuan Deyue: "I wish to save him." Liu Yan ordered Zou Jing to send five thousand troops, along with Xuande, Guan, and Zhang, to Qingzhou.
According to the plot development of the novel, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei married in Taoyuan, and then received funding from Zhongshan merchants Su Shuang and Zhang Shiping, and finally pulled up a team. Soon, the Yellow Turban Army invaded Zhuo County, and Liu Bei led Guan Yu and Zhang Fei into battle to meet the enemy. Zhang Fei stabbed Deng Mao to death, Guan Yu killed Cheng Yuanzhi, and Liu Bei won the first battle. Subsequently, Liu Bei went to Qingzhou with Zou Jing to suppress the Yellow Turban.
The idiom to be introduced in this article is Cheng Yuanzhi's reaction against Guan Yu, called "caught off guard", which means that things come suddenly; it is too late to cope. The earliest source of this idiom is the Yuan Dynasty anonymous miscellaneous drama "A Thousand Miles Alone" in "Let's lead a hundred and ten horses tonight, steal the camp and move the village, go away, kill him unprepared." ”
The plot of Liu Bei forming an army and engaging the Yellow Turban described in the novel is true or false. The real place is that Liu Beichengjun was indeed funded by the merchants Su Shuang and Zhang Shiping, which is clearly recorded in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms • Biography of the Ancestors": "The zhongshan merchants Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang and other merchants accumulated thousands of gold, and the horses were sold around Zhuo County. The lord is to use the disciples. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei also joined Liu Bei's team during this period, and began a decades-long conquest.
However, the record of Liu Bei's first battle against the Yellow Turban described in the novel is a story made up by the novelist and does not exist in history. In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, the Biography of the Ancestor only mentions vaguely: "At the end of the Ling Emperor, the Yellow Turban began, and the prefectures and counties raised volunteer soldiers, and the First Lord led his subordinate lieutenant Zou Jing to beg the Yellow Turban Thief for meritorious service, except for Lieutenant An Xi." As for the Yellow Turban generals Cheng Yuanzhi and Deng Mao mentioned in the novel, they are all fictional characters of novelists, not historical truths.
Since there is no record of Liu Bei's conquest of the Yellow Turban, when did the historical records record that Liu Bei's first battle occurred? This problem is clearly documented in the Commentary on the Three Kingdoms Chronicle of the Ancestors. The legend says: "Liu Ziping of the Plains knew that there was a martial courage, when Zhang Chun rebelled, Qingzhou was commanded, and sent generals to seek purity, crossed the plains, And Zi Ping recommended that he be prepared to engage, so he followed him." As for Liu Bei's performance in this war, it can be described as a disaster. The "Dictionary" says: "When a thief is in the wild, He dies in the middle of the preparation, and after the thief goes, the old man is spared by car." This also means that not only liu bei was seriously injured in death, but even his good brothers Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were separated from Liu Bei in battle.
Why did Liu Bei lose so badly? Because the Zhang Chun he met was not an idle person. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Gongsun Zhang, Zhang Chun was once an official of the imperial court of the Eight Classics of Zheng'er and once held the position of Zhongshan Xiang. Later, because of the contradiction with the cheqi general Zhang Wen, in collusion with the Karasuma lord Qiu Liju to raise an army to rebel, not only defeated the imperial court several times to encircle and suppress, but also occupied parts of Youzhou and Jizhou, with a strength of more than 100,000 people, even the "White Horse Righteous Cong" Gongsun Zhan was once placed in Zhang Chun's hands, which shows the strength of its combat strength, Liu Bei's miscellaneous army is naturally not Zhang Chun's opponent. If It weren't for Liu Bei's cleverness and deception of the enemy army with death, I am afraid that this small life would be gone.
Reference Books: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Romance of the Three Kingdoms