Written by | Yang Lin Edited by | Fu Ning
Taiwan's Tsai has been doing a lot lately.
In addition to the blackout, Zhengzhijian (WeChat ID: bqzhengzhiju) also noted that Cai was also preparing to lay off an institution, the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee."
In formulating the general budget for 2018, the Taiwan authorities did not formulate the budget of the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee". A few days ago, the competent administrative department of the Taiwan authorities passed the repeal of the "Organic Law of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee," and the relevant business will be undertaken by the "Ministry of Foreign Affairs," the "Ministry of Culture," and the Mainland Affairs Council, respectively.
△ Former site of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee of the National Government in Nanjing
The "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee" now has a history of nearly 90 years. This "elderly" institution also experienced the glory years in the early years and made certain contributions to safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
<h1>Yan Xishan is written into this history</h1>
The Mongolian and Tibetan Council is a product of succession.
During the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court established the Li Fan Yuan to manage the affairs of the Mongol clans. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a minister stationed in Tibet was set up to "take charge of affairs and preside over Tibetan politics", command the Qing army stationed in Tibet, and have the right to manage religion and the right to determine the reincarnation status of the major living Buddhas.
In the late Qing Dynasty, British forces gradually infiltrated Tibet and launched two wars of aggression against Tibet, and the Qing court tried to directly send officials at all levels to administer Tibet, but before it could be realized, the Qing Emperor had already abdicated in February 1912.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Sichuan army stationed in Tibet was infighting, and the local forces in Tibet took the opportunity to arm the Sichuan army stationed in Lhasa, and the minister stationed in Tibet and the Sichuan army eventually withdrew from Tibet and returned to China via India. Since then, central officials and troops have ceased to be stationed in Tibet. In 1913, British delegates and local Tibetan delegates privately signed the Treaty of Simla, which sought to separate Tibet, and concocted the infamous "McMahon Line."
Before the McMahon Line, mongolia, thousands of kilometers from Tibet, was also threatened with fragmentation.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the Mongolian region was also in turmoil, Tsarist Russia has been coveting Mongolia, co-opting and bribing the Mongolian high-level, stirring up dissension, Tsarist Russia instigated some Mongolian princes to launch a rebellion, and in 1912 controlled all Outer Mongolia regions.
After the Xinhai Revolution, on the basis of the ideology of the Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, and Tibetan republics, Yuan Shikai's government established an independent body in charge of Mongolian and Tibetan affairs. In 1915, the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Bureau was renamed the Mongolian and Tibetan Temple.
During the Beiyang government, due to the frequent internal forces, it was difficult to take care of Mongolian and Tibetan affairs. In 1924, Outer Mongolia became independent.
At the end of 1928, Zhang Xueliang announced the "Northeast Yizhi", and the Kuomintang government in Nanjing completed the formal unification. In the same year, in order to take over the functions of the former Beiyang government's Mongolian and Tibetan Courts, the Kuomintang established the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee. The first secretary general of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee was Yan Xishan, the highest administrative organ of the Kuomintang in charge of Tibet and Mongolia.
<h1>Relocation of genghis Khan's mausoleum</h1>
During the Chinese mainland of the Kuomintang government's rule, the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee made certain contributions to safeguarding national unity.
At this time, the greatest threat to Mongolia changed from Russia to Japan. After the September 18 Incident, the puppet state of Manchukuo was established in the northeast, and some Mongol princes tried to achieve the so-called "autonomy" of Inner Mongolia with the help of Japan. The members of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee consulted with Dewang and others several times to alleviate the political crisis in Inner Mongolia.
After the Lugou Bridge incident, the western part of Inner Mongolia faced a serious threat, and according to intelligence, it was possible that the German king may collude with japan to rob Genghis Khan's mausoleum in order to gain great political energy. In 1939, the chief priest of Genghis Khan's mausoleum proposed to Chiang Kai-shek by the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee to relocate Genghis Khan's mausoleum. The Mongolian and Tibetan Committee advocated the relocation of the mausoleum, believing that if the tomb was lost, it would weaken the centripetal force of the Mongol compatriots.
In June of that year, under the leadership of the committee, Chengling began to move westward, eventually reaching Xinglong Mountain in Yuzhong County, Gansu.
Along the way, grand ceremonies were held in various places, and the relocation of the mausoleum fully affirmed the historical merits of Genghis Khan and recognized Genghis Khan as a hero of the Chinese nation.
In 1941, Wu Zhongxin, chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee, went to Xinglong Mountain, which was the first time that the Republic of China government sent a large number of officials to visit the mausoleum of Genghis Khan.
<h1>The Office in Tibet is single-handedly supporting</h1>
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Tibet was the rear of the rear, but under the calm exterior, the Office of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee in Tibet experienced an invisible smoke of gunfire in Lhasa.
The establishment of the Tibet Office began as a good opportunity. In 1938, Tibetans searched for the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama in Qinghai, and the Tibetan side wanted to keep secrets, and invited the child back to Lhasa in the name of the candidate child, and then bypassed the National Government and directly identified him as a bed.
The Nationalist government recognizes that the dalai lama's reincarnation is an opportunity to adjust relations between the two sides and exercise national sovereignty. After learning that the Qinghai Lingtong had been recognized as a reincarnation by Tibet, the Nationalist government ordered the Qinghai provincial government to strictly prevent the Lhasa side from secretly inviting the Lingtong back to Tibet. When the Tibetan side touched the nail, it accepted Wu Zhongxin, chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee, as a special commissioner, to personally enter Tibet to preside over the bed of the reincarnated spiritual child. During his stay in Tibet, Wu Zhongxin facilitated the establishment of the Office of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee in Tibet.
△ In 1940, Wu Zhongxin went to Tibet
In April 1940, the Office in Tibet was formally established, and the Office in Tibet, as the eyes and ears of the Nationalist government, collected a lot of materials about the separatist acts of the British and Tibetan authorities.
In 1940, after the closure of the China-Myanmar Highway, in order to open up new material passages for aiding China, stabilize the rear areas of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and "pull back to Tibet," the Nationalist Government decided to build a Sino-Indian highway, which the Tibetan authorities initially approved, but at the instigation of the British, they quickly changed their attitude, dispatched troops to intercept the highway survey team, and ordered the surveyors not to enter Tibet, on the grounds that "Buddha's instructions are not allowed." The Tibet Office negotiated with it for a long time, but suffered from lack of hard power, and eventually the China-India Highway Plan died.
Since then, the Tibetan authorities have become even more fearless, and with the support of the British, they have set up a "Foreign Affairs Bureau" and stipulated that "in the future, there will be no big details between China and Tibet, please negotiate with this organ." The Tibet Office resolutely resisted this and sent staff to the office of the Tibetan authorities to test their attitude, but the Tibetan authorities did not allow the staff to enter the door, saying that they must contact the Foreign Affairs Bureau. The Tibet Office believes that the National Government should resolutely oppose the "Foreign Affairs Bureau." The Tibetan authorities then arrested several Han Chinese in Lhasa, beat them severely, and forced the Tibet Office to negotiate with the bureau. Although there is no "bottom card" in the hand, the Tibet Office insists on not contacting the "Foreign Affairs Bureau.".
The Tibet Office is like a single tree, struggling to survive the ups and downs of political waves. At the end of World War II, China negotiated with Britain and the United States to abolish unequal treaties, and Britain was greatly affected by the Indian independence movement, and its ability to interfere in Tibetan affairs was greatly reduced.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the prestige of the Nationalist Government was greatly enhanced, and the authority of the Tibet Office in Tibet was also greatly enhanced; Shen Zonglian, who was then the director of the Beijing Office, could have exerted his fists and feet, but the Nationalist Government ordered that "nothing should be done as a big thing, and nothing should be done as a great merit."
In January 1946, Shen Zonglian, who had done nothing, entrusted the affairs of the Office in Tibet to chen Xizhang, the chief secretary, and went to Nanjing himself, never to return to Tibet. After that, the Hardliners in Tibet completely gained the upper hand in the local political arena, and with the Nationalist government losing the civil war, the Tibetan authorities took the opportunity to stage another riot in July 1949, and the Tibet Office had no choice but to evacuate Lhasa, which has since become a historical cloud.
<h1>The "symbol" in the stage</h1>
After the Kuomintang withdrew from Taiwan, the actual scope of jurisdiction was reduced, financial difficulties were made, and the administrative departments began to abolish departments on a large scale, but the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee" remained. At that time, only a few hundred Mongolians and Tibetans followed the Kuomintang to Taiwan. There is no doubt that the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee" exists only as a symbol of the victory over nothing.
Zhengzhizhi (WeChat ID: bqzhengzhiju) noted that during its stay in Taiwan, the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee" was engaged in the work of providing pensions to Mongolians and Tibetans in Taiwan, cultivating Mongolian and Tibetan youth, contacting Mongolian and Tibetan compatriots overseas, and conducting Mongolian and Tibetan research. In 2011, the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee" of the Taiwan authorities proposed to "care for Mongolia and Tibet and link with Taiwan", and its Mongolian and Tibetan business not only involved the two sides of the strait, but also included Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and other Mongolian ethnic republics in the Russian Federation. According to statistics, there are currently 120 Tibetan households in Taiwan, about 500 people, six of whom have become factory workers, have difficulty in making a living, and are on the fringes of society, so they are basically the objects of service and care of Taiwan's "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee." There are about 400 Mongolians in Taiwan.
In 2010, the Taiwan authorities prepared to abolish the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee," but because the "Organic Law of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee" has not been abolished, the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee" has survived to this day, and now, the "Mongolian and Tibetan Committee," which has a "high lifespan" of nearly 90 percent, may usher in another hurdle in its survival or failure.
information:
Wang Jinshi. Study on the Changes of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee[D]. Minzu University of China, 2013
CHEN Lihua. A Brief Discussion on the Historical Role of the Office of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee in Tibet [J]. Chinese Tibetology, No.5, 2008
LIU Hao. Study on the Governance of Mongolian Institutions during the National Government period in Nanjing[D]. Hunan Normal University, 2013
[Wei Shaohui.Investigation and Research on Foreign-related Tibetan Affairs of the Office of the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee in Tibet in the early 1940s[J]. Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities, No. 5, 2014
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