Zhao Cheng
Zhao Cheng, (1899-1959), male, Mongolian, alias Zhao Bicheng, Mongolian Erdun Saiyin, once used the names Zhao Zihe and Zhang Laiyun. A native of Bird Su Village, Tumut Banner, Inner Mongolia. Born into a poor peasant family. In 1920, he entered the Tumut Higher Primary School and participated in the anti-imperialist patriotic movement of the guissed students. In the autumn of 1923, he was admitted to the Mongolian-Tibetan School in Beijing, and joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in the same year. In January 1925, he joined the Communist Party of China, and in November, he went to the Soviet Union to enter the Moscow Oriental University. In November 1931, he returned to China and carried out covert underground work under the leadership of the Simon Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, and did a lot of work to promote the military riots at the Lark Temple. After the "July 7 Incident" in 1937, he engaged in secret anti-Japanese rescue activities in the area of Tumut Banner. In August 1940, he was appointed as the chief of the Mongolian political section of the Suixi Special Bureau. In the spring of 1941, Zhao Cheng went to Yan'an to study. In June 1942, he was transferred to the Head of the Ethnic Affairs Section and the Director of the Communication Department of the Trilateral Special Bureau in Northern Shaanxi. In January 1946, he was appointed as a member of the Working Committee of the Islamic League of the Communist Party of China.
Later, Zhao Cheng successively served as a member of the Ethnic Minority Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government, a member of the Islamic League Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a deputy director of the People's Government of the Yikezhao League Autonomous Region and president of the court.
From June 1951, he was appointed President of the Higher People's Court of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. He was elected as a deputy to the Second People's Congress of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and served as a member of the People's Committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. He died in Beijing Hospital on November 4, 1959, at the age of 60.
Comrade Zhao Cheng is loyal to the party, self-denying and public service, and has been an outstanding communist party member of our party for 30 years.
A childhood of suffering
When Zhao Cheng was born, the beauty of "the sky is clear, the wild is vast, and the wind blows and grass is low to see cattle and sheep" depicted in the song has disappeared. Here the grassland is degraded, and the thin fields are strange and rocky, leaving people with desolate eyes.
When Zhao Cheng was born, the beauty of "the sky is clear, the wild is vast, and the wind blows grass and the cows and sheep are low" depicted in the song has long disappeared, and the grassland here has degenerated, and the fields are thin and stone-rich, and the eyes are devastated.
Although the ancestors of the Zhao Cheng family left some thin fields, they could work hard year after year, and they could still live in the year when the wind and rain were smooth, and if they encountered the rain disorder, the family would rely on borrowing money everywhere and swallowing chaff to get by. Poor children understand things early, and Zhao Cheng has followed his parents to work in the fields since he was eight or nine years old. At the age of 11, Zhao Cheng grew into a half-sized child and could already do a lot of farm work. At this time, a landlord in the village raised more than a dozen cultivating cattle and wanted to let the honest and generous little Zhao Cheng go to graze, and the stubborn and sensible Zhao Cheng, despite the obstruction of his parents, took up his luggage and lived in a dark small room next to the landlord's cattle shed, and began his career of whipping cattle. In the blink of an eye, four or five years have passed, and Zhao Cheng has grown from a half-sized child to a down-to-earth young man.
In the winter of the year when he was 15 years old, Zhao Cheng returned home from the small house next to the cowshed. After the Spring Festival, Abba sent Zhao Cheng to Qiao'erqi in Guisui City to become a young lama. Qiao Erqizhao is a large-scale summoning temple in Guisui City, and 15-year-old Zhao Cheng is dressed in a purple robe, the morning bell and the twilight drum, the yellow scroll green lamp, and he lives a monk's life.
To be a little lama, to put it bluntly, is to be a miscellaneous servant. Every day before dawn, Zhao Cheng got up to make a fire, boil tea, and sweep the courtyard, and he was always busy. The only thing that interested him was that he could learn a little bit about culture here. Two years of monastic life enabled Zhao Cheng to read a lot of words, learn Mongolian and Mongolian, and he could understand the general scriptures. However, he was also more and more confused, the poor Mongols believed in Buddhism so sincerely, but they could not get rid of poverty; the landlords did not believe in Buddhism, but lived a luxurious life of meat, fat and wine. He had asked the devout followers, who could not explain; he had asked the Great Lama for advice, but he had been reprimanded.
The lama's robe could not restrain Zhao Cheng's heart of pursuing beauty, he wanted to break through this suffocating life and go outside to find a broader world. Zhao Cheng, 17, took off his lama's robe and came to study at the Mengwen Primary School at the Stone King Temple. He really breathed the air of freedom.
In 1920, Zhao Cheng graduated from junior high school and was admitted to the fourth class of Tumut Higher Primary School, which was known as "Nangao" at that time, and studied with Ulanfu, Duo Songnian, Kui Bi, Ji Yatai, Fo Ding, Kang Gencheng and other students.
Zhao Cheng (left) poses with Ji Yatai
Seek the light
Zhao Cheng felt refreshed after coming to Tumut Higher Primary School, he was the oldest in the class, so his classmates affectionately called him "Old Brother Zhao", and Ulanfu, Kuibi, Ji Yatai, Fo Ding and other students trusted this simple and sincere "Old Brother Zhao" and gave him a lot of help.
In the early 1920s, the new wind of the new cultural movement baptized the ancient city of Guisui, and students such as Ulanfu, Duo Songnian, Ji Yatai, and Zhao Cheng actively participated in this movement, taking to the streets to publicize the boycott of Japanese goods and organize a huge demonstration.
In the summer of 1923, Zhao Cheng graduated from the Tumut Banner Higher Primary School and was admitted to the Beijing Mongolian-Tibetan School together with more than 30 classmates, including Ulan fu and Kui Bi.
Students in mongolian and Tibetan schools enjoy official fees, and the school also bears the cost of students' food and lodging, but in the harsh winter, Zhao Cheng and Kui Bi, who are poor, are still wearing single clothes, and their hands are frozen in the classroom during the day, and the two can only cover a quilt at night. Principal Zhang Wu saw Zhao Cheng and Kui Bi, who were shivering with cold but still insisting on studying, and their hearts surged with pity, and after a few days, they took out two sets of cotton robes for them to wear, and encouraged them to study hard. Zhao Cheng, wearing a brand-new cotton robe, suddenly felt a warm current flowing through his body, and he made up his mind to fight for the strength and prosperity of the motherland for the rest of his life.
In December 1923, Ji Yatai, a student of the Beijing Mongolian and Tibetan School, and 28 other people received a total of 56 yuan in subsidies at Tumut Banner
However, soon after President Zhang Wu was expelled from his post by the Mongolian and Tibetan Academy for protecting his classmates from participating in the "Hometown Petition Group Demonstration," Li Dazhao, head of the Northern District CPC Committee, unanimously decided to actively guide these Mongolian youths to stand on the side of the party, and sent Deng Zhongxia, Zhao Shiyan, and others to the Mongolian and Tibetan schools to exchange views with the students. One weekend night in the middle of winter, Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia and Zhao Shiyan all came! Zhao Cheng was very happy after hearing the good news... Mr. Dazhao said to everyone: "For thousands of years, the ruling class has deliberately stirred up ethnic relations and created estrangement between ethnic groups, but if you think about it carefully, there are people who suffer and suffer in the Mongolian nationality, and there are also people who suffer and suffer among the Han brothers!" If we want to achieve the complete liberation of our nation, we must unite the people of the oppressed nations and work together to overthrow the landlords and herders exploiting classes that are oppressing us. "This night, Zhao Cheng couldn't sleep in bed, he thought a lot, a lot...
He studied even more eagerly in school and in 1923 he joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League.
In 1924, Zhao Cheng participated in a three-person group organized by the Northern District Committee to study Marxism-Leninism secret rotation training. Zhao Cheng, Duo Songnian, and Fo Ding were gathered around a small table, a small oil lamp, and a mimeographed book in the main hall of a ruined temple near Xuanwu Gate, listening to Comrade Dazhao's systematic lectures on Marxism-Leninism, Comrade Dazhao's talk from the Paris Commune to the October Revolution in the Soviet Union, from China's vigorous anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement to the surging workers' movement in the world...
In January 1925, Deng Zhongxia came to the Mongolian and Tibetan School to convey the decision of the Northern District Committee - Zhao Cheng joined the Communist Party of China, and Zhao Cheng silently thought in his heart: "Please rest assured, you must be an excellent Communist Party member!" ”
In 1925, Zhao Cheng was born at the Mongolian-Tibetan School in Beijing
Study in a foreign country
In March 1925, according to the needs of the struggle, the Northern District Committee decided to send Zhao Cheng, Fo Ding, and Kui Bi as the first batch of students to study in Mongolia. Zhao Cheng and his companions entered the party affairs school. In addition to Mongolian, the courses offered by the Party Affairs School also include the history and philosophy of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville), and Zhao Cheng cherished this opportunity to study and read many Marxist-Leninist works.
In October, the revolutionary situation in Inner Mongolia developed rapidly, and the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the situation in Inner Mongolia, made a timely resolution on the Mongolian question at the Second Central Committee Expansion Executive Committee. The "Resolution" held that the Inner Mongolia National Revolutionary Party should be organized. Soon, with the help of the Chinese Communist Party, the Inner Mongolia People's Revolutionary Party was formed. Zhao Cheng and Fo Ding returned to China with the leader of the Third International, Alqilov, as representatives of the Party Affairs School, and attended the inaugural meeting of the Inner Mongolia People's Revolutionary Party.
At the end of 1925, the organization decided to send Zhao Cheng and Fo Ding to study at the Eastern University of the Soviet Union. Zhao Cheng studied for a year in the preparatory department of Dongfang University, and officially entered undergraduate studies in November 1926. The main courses are the history of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville), the history of the Western revolution, and political economy. Every summer, the school arranged for them to camp in the countryside, train with the Soviet Red Army, and experience militarized life.
In the spring of 1930, Zhao Cheng graduated from the Oriental University, and the Eastern Department of the Comintern sent him to work in Secret China, but when he traveled to Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, he was temporarily stranded due to changes in the situation.
Serve your hometown and get out of danger
In September 1931, the head of the Eastern Department of the Comintern suddenly informed Zhao Cheng to leave his hometown immediately to return to work. After nearly two months of arduous trekking, Zhao Cheng finally returned to his hometown after a six-year absence, and what came into his eyes was the depression and desolation of the Land of Tumochuan after three consecutive years of natural disasters.
Zhao Cheng did not bother to go home to visit his relatives, he first settled in Guisuicheng (now Hohhot), got in touch with the party's underground organization, and learned that Wang Ruofei, the secretary of the Cpc's Northwest Special Committee, who was sent back to China by the Comintern three months ago, was arrested in Baotou more than 20 days ago, and the party organization in Suiyuan was temporarily in hiding.
In the spring of 1932, the liaison officer told Zhao Cheng that in order to strengthen the work of the Northwest Special Committee, comrade Robov was sent back to China to carry out work in the Suiyuan area, and asked him to quickly get in touch with Comrade Robert. Zhao Cheng bid farewell to his family and immediately went to Baotou with the liaison officer, and after inquiring from many sources, learned that Comrade Robov had transferred to the countryside around Meidaizhao.
After Wang Ruofei was arrested, the work of the Northwest Special Committee was taken care of by Robov. According to the needs of the struggle, the Suiyuan area has set up a "CPC Suiyuan Local Working Committee," and the leading comrades of the committee accepted the lesson of Wang Ruofei's arrest and transferred the head of the committee, Robert, to the enemy's less guarded countryside, and his and Li Sen's open occupation was to sell cloth as a peddler.
When Zhao Cheng saw Robert, he knew that Robert was Zeng Yongquan of the original Oriental University, and he made a simple report to Zeng Yongquan on the situation after returning to China, and Zeng Yongquan said: "I returned to China to assist Ruofei in his work, and before I returned, he was arrested." Our immediate task is to go deep into the countryside and mobilize the masses and propagate the revolutionary doctrine. Zhao Cheng was then instructed to continue to return to the Guisui countryside to carry out work.
Zhao Cheng left Meidaizhao, went to the villages and villages, and mobilized the masses along the Daqingshan area in the form of visiting relatives and friends. One day, Zhao Cheng was secretly talking with a few young peasants in a village not far from the Chasuqi Railway, when suddenly there was a sound of horses' hooves from far and near, and before they could evacuate and move, several policemen jumped off their horses, walked over to them and shouted: "Which is Zhao Cheng, a red chemical, follow us!" Several policemen gathered around to arrest the young peasant brothers, and Zhao Cheng calmly stepped forward and shouted, "Slowly, I am the person you want to arrest, and it has nothing to do with a few of them." Catch me, catch me."
The police escorted Zhao Cheng to Guisui City for several interrogations, but Zhao Cheng flatly denied it, and the enemy did not get any evidence, so he had to release Zhao Cheng, who had been imprisoned for seven months.
After his release, Zhao Cheng immediately went to Sarazi to find the organization, and Li Sen told him that Zeng Yongquan had gone to Ulaanbaatar to report on his work, and the work in suiyuan was led by the Simon Working Committee, and the head of the work committee was Ulanf. Ulanf's current open occupation is as a teacher at the Tumut Banner Higher Primary School. Zhao Cheng came to Guisui City to find Ulan Fu, who instructed him to break into the "Mongolian Political Council" established at the Bailing Temple...
Participated in the organization of the Lark Temple riots
In the summer of 1933, King De sent out Inner Mongolia's "highly autonomous telegram" at the Bailing Temple, and the Mongolian compatriots who had suffered from ethnic oppression rushed to tell each other and expressed their support. There are also many Mongolian young people with lofty aspirations who go to the King of Bende. Taking advantage of the opportunity of King Dewang's expansion of his influence and the establishment of a security brigade, the three-member group of our Party's Simon Working Committee successively sent Communist Party members Zhu Shifu, Zhao Cheng, and Yun Qing into the troops to do the work of officers and men and secretly propagate the anti-Japanese resistance. Zhao Cheng came to the Bailing Temple, entered the "Mongolian Political Association", served as a sergeant in the security team, and secretly carried out propaganda work among officers and soldiers.
In 1935, the collusion between the German king and the Japanese Kou became more and more frequent and more and more public, which caused great dissatisfaction among most of the Mongolian youth of the Mongolian Political Council and the officers and men of the security corps, and the secretary of the Simon Working Committee, Ulan Fu, secretly came to the Lark Temple to instruct Zhao Cheng and other Communist Party members to extensively mobilize officers and soldiers and prepare for riots.
In the autumn and winter of that year, after the good news of the victorious arrival of the Central Red Army's Long March in northern Shaanxi reached the Bailing Temple, the Communists who had entered the Mongolian Political Council were extremely happy. At this time, the German king betrayed the interests of the nation and colluded with the Japanese, and the comrades could not bear it any longer and wanted to organize an immediate uprising. Zhao Cheng said at the secret meeting: "The Simon Working Committee instructed us that once the German king openly betrayed the country and asked for glory and benevolence, he should organize a riot and take the troops out. However, the time is not yet ripe! The wings of the German king have not yet been cut off, our organizational and mobilization work has not yet been done properly, and hasty uprising will inevitably affect the overall situation. Comrades think, where should the troops go after the riot? Everyone felt that Zhao Cheng's words were reasonable, and they said one after another: "Yes, how will the troops stand up after the riots?" So I decided to wait and see.
In the blink of an eye, Zhao Cheng returned to Suicheng city while the security team was on vacation, and then came to Tabuzi Village to report the details of the Lark Temple to Ulanfu. Soon after the Spring Festival, the news of the Bailing Temple riot came. Zhao Cheng and his comrades actively prepared for the resettlement work after the riot team came down from the mountain. Soon, the troops arrived at Bikqi and Chasuqi to garrison, and the Simon Working Committee instructed Zhao Cheng to leave the troops and go to the local areas to carry out rural work that he was familiar with.
Qingfeng Mountain Fire
After the Lugou Bridge Incident, the Japanese began to invade China in an all-round way. In October, after the fall of Guisui, Ulanfu, the head of the Simon Working Committee, withdrew to Baotou with the Mongolian Banner Security Corps and crossed the Yellow River to the Islamic League. Zhao Cheng got in touch with Jia Ligen and Yongfu, who had returned from Mongolia to participate in the War of Resistance, and secretly carried out anti-Japanese armed struggle in the countryside around Daqingshan.
Zhao Cheng (left) and Yongfu at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing (1953)
In the autumn of 1938, the Li Jingquan Detachment of the 12nd O Division of the Eighth Route Army advanced into Daqingshan, and the Party Central Committee instructed them to get in touch with local comrades who insisted on underground struggle and jointly open up the Daqingshan anti-Japanese guerrilla base area.
Zhao Cheng, Jia Ligeng, and Yongfu, escorted by Jiang Wenhua, captain of the "Eighth Route Army Pingchuan Task Force," joined the head of the Wanjiagou Headquarters, and the 12nd O Division of the Eighth Route Army stationed in Wanjiagou and the local party organizations jointly resisted Japan.
According to the needs of the struggle, the leaders of the local party organizations and detachments studied and decided that Zhao Cheng and Yongfu infiltrated the puppet army through their relationships to do propaganda and counter-insurgency work. Soon, Zhao Cheng, introduced by Jia Li, came to the three companies of the independent regiment of the puppet Mongol Army as a clerk. Most of the soldiers in this company, from the company commander to the soldiers, were Mongolian youths in the Tumut banner, and many people Zhao Cheng knew from before, and the company commander Wang Bingyi came from a poor background and was very sympathetic to the revolution. Zhao Cheng publicized the anti-Japanese salvation principle to the soldiers through various forms, and soon, many soldiers became Zhao Cheng's friends, and under his encouragement and education, the soldiers' consciousness was raised, and they said that they would never harass the people and never shoot at the Eighth Route Army. A year later, this unit was reorganized and sent to Guyang to garrison, and organizationally it was decided that Zhao Cheng would leave the team and be transferred to the Anti-Japanese Salvation Congress of the Ukrainian League as a propaganda commissioner.
In the autumn of 1939, comrades who insisted on local work, with the vigorous help of the Daqingshan Detachment, set up the "Tumut Mongolian Working Committee", with Jia Li as secretary, Kui Bi, Zhao Cheng, Yongfu, and Li Sen as members, and everyone was responsible for the work separately. Under the leadership of the Working Committee, the anti-Japanese struggle on the Tomo River was vigorously launched.
Fight for Han Wu to resist Japan
In the winter of 1939, the pseudo-"Second Anti-Communist Division" was stationed in the Baotou area of Hohhot, and the division headquarters was located in Chasuqi. Division commander Han Wu was born in a poor Mongolian family in Tumut Banner, was a member of the Bailing Temple Security Team, and knew Zhao Cheng very early, after the Japanese Kou occupied Guisui, his troops were reorganized, but he hated the Japanese in his bones, but he could not find a clear way out, so he was very depressed. Jia Ligeng, Zhao Cheng, and others promptly publicized the party's ethnic policy and anti-Japanese ideas to him, and asked him to save this contingent and wait for the opportunity... Later, his superiors decided to send Zhao Cheng and Wu Jianxun to Cha suqi to help Han Wu carry out his work.
Han Wu grew up at the bottom of society, he and his team have the bad habits of the old army, Zhao Cheng let him start from quitting smoking, strict military discipline. A month later, Han Wu quit smoking, and the whole division launched a smoking cessation boom. Zhao Cheng also bought many basketballs and distributed them to the companies, and fierce basketball competitions were carried out between the companies.
The "Second Division of the Defense Communists" purchased a large number of guns and ammunition for the Eighth Route Army of Daqingshan, and solved the problem of cotton clothes, grain and other materials for the winter, and the anti-Japanese patriotic behavior of the officers and men aroused the awareness of the Japanese Kou, and on May 5, 1940, the Japanese Kou suddenly surrounded the division headquarters, Han Wu and Wu Jianxun were hidden at home by the town mayor for protection, and Zhao Cheng and nearly 30 officers and more than 180 soldiers were detained and imprisoned in Guisui. Soon, more than 30 officers and men were killed.
One night three months later, Zhao Cheng and some soldiers fled over the wall while the enemy was not strictly guarded. After Zhao Cheng escaped, he immediately returned to Daqingshan and returned to his comrades-in-arms.
Run to Yan'an
In the spring of 1941, the superiors decided to transfer Zhao Cheng and Li Sen to Yan'an to work and study, while also bringing a group of progressive young people. Accompanied by Jia Ligen, a deputy to the Seventh National Congress, Kong Fei, a cadre of the Northwest Bureau, and Commander Yao Zhe, he sent soldiers to escort the comrades down the mountain.
In March 1941, the comrades were about to walk out of the enemy's tightest blockade area, the sentries suddenly discovered the enemy situation, Commander Yao led the soldiers to fly on horseback to meet the enemy, suddenly the gunfire was loud, Kong Fei, Zhao Cheng, li Sen led the youth to quickly evacuate and transfer, most of the youth have moved to safety, Jia Li even more protected the two young people who fell behind, suddenly a bullet hit him, Jia Li fell in a pool of blood. Commander Yao led his warriors to quickly crush the enemy, but Jia Li closed his eyes more permanently. After Commander Yao and the soldiers sent their comrades out of the blockade area to a safer area, they immediately returned to Daqingshan, and three people, Kong Fei, Zhao Cheng, and Li Sen, formed a provisional party branch, with Kong Fei as secretary and Zhao Cheng and Li Sen as committee members, carrying out the task of escorting the youth to Yan'an.
Zhao Cheng (right) and Li Sen pose in Beihai
After all the hardships, the comrades finally arrived in Yan'an, the holy land of revolution. A week later, the Northwest Bureau transferred Zhao Cheng to work for the Mongolian Cultural Promotion Association, and at the same time served as a Mongolian teacher and class teacher in the Ethnic Affairs Department of Northern Shaanxi Public School. In October, the Yan'an Nationalities College was established, with Ulan Fu as the chief of education and Zhao Cheng as a full-time teacher, and the two old comrades-in-arms who had been separated for four years fought together again. Zhao Cheng later served as the chief of the Ethnic Affairs Section of the Trilateral Commissioner's Office, the director of the Communications Department, and a member of the Ethnic Minority Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government.
Zhao Cheng served as a member of the Ethnic Minority Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government
Bow down
On the eve of the liberation of the whole country, Zhao Cheng served as secretary of the party group of the Yikezhao League, the first deputy director of the Yikezhao League Autonomous Administrative Affairs Committee, and the president of the Yikezhao League court.
After the liberation of the whole country in 1949, Zhao Cheng threw himself into the cause of socialist construction with great enthusiasm for work.
In June 1951, the People's Government of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region appointed Zhao Cheng as president of the autonomous regional court. At that time, when the people's power had just been established, in order to consolidate the new political power, Zhao Cheng, sick and deployed the work of suppressing bandits and suppressing riots and suppressing riots, working day and night to review the case files, verify the facts of the case, work diligently and tirelessly, work hard for the party, and finally aggravate his illness, unfortunately, died in Beijing Hospital on November 4, 1959, and completed his glorious life.
Zhao Cheng served as the president of the autonomous regional court
Ulanfu (front row, second from right) at the Beijing office in Inner Mongolia
Received all the members of the National Day visiting group of the Yikezhao League
Regiment Leader Zhao Cheng (fourth from left) and Yunlan (first from left)
Zhao Cheng (third from left in a row) and The League Leader of Orqihu Yaktu (1950)
Zhao Cheng's family in Dongsheng, Yikezhao League (winter 1951)
Front row from left: Zhao Ruying, Yunlan, Zhao Ruyi (in arms), Zhao Cheng, Zhao Yulin, Yun Shufen
Back row from left: Zhao Rugang, Zhao Ruheng
Memorial Service of Comrade Zhao Cheng (November 1959)
First row from left: Meng Chun, TemurBagen, Li Shijie, Sun Lanfeng, Boyan Mandu, (Kong), Hafong A, Ulanf, Kuibi, Kong Fei,
Yang Xiumei, Wu Yun, An Ping, Garub Sengge
The second row has Pensk, Fo Ding, Zhou Ji, Yao Yuguang, Lin Weiran, Kligen,
Han Yanjin, Chen Bingyu and so on