The recent hit "QingPing Le" finally ushered in the grand finale, and Renzong went offline and quietly left in the arms of Dan Shu. Wang Kai, the actor who plays Song Renzong in the play, said at the farewell: "If there is an afterlife, I still want to be an official." This pun sparked a discussion of Song Renzong's life.
In the drama "Qing Ping Le", the war between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Western Xia is the focus of contradictions in the middle of the entire series. Since the founding of the Song Dynasty, it has always been a national policy of emphasizing literature and suppressing martial arts.
In the play, Han Qi intimidated Di Qing's words, "Those who sing outside the Donghua Gate with the Title are good children", this story appears in Song Wang's "Memoirs", which means that only the people who are admitted to the Title outside the Donghua Gate are good boys. Due to the factors of heavy literature and light military policy, throughout the Entire Song Dynasty, the whole was relatively weak externally, but there was an emperor who defeated the Song Dynasty's old enemy, Western Xia, and made the Western Xia lord subservient. He is Song Zhezong Li Xu.
During Emperor Renzong's reign, he advocated "valuing peace" in diplomacy, such as the "Qingli Peace Talks" for Western Xia and the "Chongxi Coin Increase" for Liao, compared with Song Zhezong, who defeated Western Xia militarily in later generations, Renzong actually did not have much merit in diplomacy. But Song Renzong was hanged by Western Xia, and Zhezong was hanged by Western Xia, so why in history, Renzong's reputation was better than That of Zhezong, and on what basis? Today, we're going to find out!
Zhao Zhen, emperor of the Song Dynasty, was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty, who ascended the throne for 41 years, and was the longest reigning emperor during the Song Dynasty.
During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, the Song Dynasty developed economically and prosperously, culture and scholarship flourished, and people were born. In the "History of Song", It is said that Emperor Renzong Zhao Zhen said: "For people to be a king, stop at benevolence", really worthy of the people of heaven and earth, "Emperor Cheng is not ashamed". Later generations praised The reign of Emperor Renzong of Song as "Emperor Renzong Shengzhi".
The Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, who regarded himself as a perfect old man and called himself the "Ten Perfect Old Men", once said that the three emperors he most admired were his grandfather Kangxi, Tang Taizong Li Shimin, and Song Renzong Zhao Zhen. Kangxi and Li Shimin have made a lot of achievements, which everyone knows, but what about Song Renzong? This emperor known as "benevolence", what influence did he bring to the Song Dynasty?
Wang Kai in "Qing Ping Le" plays Song Renzong
Zhao Zhen is naturally filial, generous and kind, and his "benevolence" is manifested in many ways. Regarding his benevolence to his subordinates, there is also an allusion to "returning home with thirst".
It is said that Song Renzong once visited the garden in the spring, walking and walking, he looked back from time to time, and the palace people looked at each other, not knowing what was wrong with the official family. When he returned to the palace, he quickly found water to drink.
This story also appears in "Qing Ping Le", Zhao Zhen returned to the palace, panickedly opened the mouth of the water bottle, deliberately did not take the handle, but grabbed the bottle mouth directly into the water entrance, the audience looked thirsty. The concubine then asked him, why didn't the official family drink water on the road? He said that he looked back and saw that the attendant had not prepared tea, and if he had asked at that time, the waiter would have been punished, so he returned thirsty.
In modern times, it is often necessary to tolerate it yourself for fear of troubleing others. However, as an emperor of a feudal dynasty, Song Renzong had this quality, which is very valuable.
Song Renzong's "benevolence" is also manifested in the fact that "everything should be thought of all the people under the world." In the "Qing Ping Le", it is said that in the hearts of the officials, the most important thing is that the society is stable, the world is peaceful, and the people are happy. Giving peace to the people should be the highest state of benevolence.
During Zhao Zhen's reign, the most important military conflict in diplomacy was the Western Xia. In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Li Yuanhao, the leader of the party and the king of Xiping who had divided the northwest, plotted a rebellion and established the Western Xia regime. Changing his father's dingnan army and moderation was the national policy of Li Deming of Emperor Taizong of Xia to "rely on the national policy of Liao and Song" and launch a war against the Song Dynasty. In the past few years, the two sides have fought three major wars, and the Song army has won first and then lost.
Although the Western Xia won the battlefield, it also suffered more than half of its own casualties and sometimes friction with the Liao state. In this case, the Song and Xia armistice, signed a contract in 1044: Xia to the Song dynasty, the Song Dynasty every year to "give" the Western Xia, silk 130,000 horses, silver 50,000 two, tea 20,000 catties, but also to open up economic trade. This is the historical "celebration of the calendar and the peace".
Since then, the relations between the Song and Xia countries have slowly eased, and peace has been maintained for nearly half a century.
During the reign of Emperor Renzong, there was an incident of "heavy Xi coin increase" against Liao. In December of the first year of the Qing calendar (1041), taking advantage of the tense war between the Song and Xia, Emperor Xingzong of Liao, under the pretext of Song Xiu's border defense and attack on Xia, gathered troops in Nanjing and made a gesture of attacking the Song Dynasty.
On the one hand, in the following year, he sent personnel to the Song Dynasty to claim the ten counties of Guannan, which had once belonged to Xia. Although the Song Dynasty envoy Fu Bi was harsh and tough in negotiations, the Liao conspiracy did not succeed. However, in order to avoid being attacked by the enemy in the abdomen, Zhao Zhen eventually added 100,000 taels of silver and 100,000 silk coins to the Liao state, which is known in history as "Chongxi Increase Coin".
During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, although he did not make great achievements, nor did he make meritorious achievements and expand his territory, his reign was the happiest period for the people. Emperor Renzong Zhao Zhen did not like luxury, had a generous personality, appointed virtuous ministers, and adopted a policy of cultivation and life, so that the Song Dynasty was politically clear, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and their lives became happier and happier.
Zhao Xu, the seventh emperor of the Song Dynasty, reigned for 15 years. In the early days of Emperor Zhezong's reign, empress dowager Gao Shi, who was known as the "Female Yao Shun", did not make much achievements. Emperor Zhezong's exploits were mainly in the second half of his reign, defeating the Western Xia in succession, beating the Western Xia and begging for forgiveness, and recovering all the land ceded by the old party.
Song Zhezong died young, only 24 years old at the age of 24, and was a relatively non-existent emperor in the history of the Song Dynasty, and was also jokingly called "Shadow Emperor" by later generations.
When Emperor Zhezong ascended the throne at the age of 9, empress dowager Gao Shi, who actually controlled the government, revived the conservative factions such as Sima Guang and Wen Yanbo, who were resolutely opposed to the change. Yes, it is Sima Guang, who "smashed the cylinder" to save people, he is actually a conservative faction. The political tendency of Sima Guang and others was to "govern with benevolence and favor", and at one point they also wanted to cut off land for peace, and planned to cede military power such as the Hehuang region to Western Xia.
After Emperor Zhezong came to power, it may be that Empress Dowager Gao suppressed him too much, and Emperor Zhezong hated everything related to the Gao clan and worshipped his father, Shenzong. In terms of foreign military affairs, it also continued the tough attitude of Shenzong and stopped peace talks with Western Xia. In addition, pingxia city was built in the southwest, with the intention of destroying western Xia, which attracted western xia to attack, but all ended in failure.
After that, the Song army continued to take advantage of the victory to pursue and continue to expand outwards, at this time, the internal contradictions in Western Xia were continuous, and the army could not form an effective defense. Therefore, Xixia wrote a letter of state with earnest and humble words, apologizing to the Song Dynasty. At the end of the same year, the Song and Xia sides finally returned to peace and established a new border. After the reconquest of Hehuang and the two battles of Pingxia City, the Song Dynasty not only did not have a domestic economic recession, but the national treasury was full.
The "History of Song" commented that after the defeat of Western Xia from the battle of Pingxia City, it never launched another war, and repeatedly requested peace talks from the Song Dynasty, and Zhezong also ceased war. "The best of the West." It can be seen from this that Zhao Xu was indeed a very capable emperor of the Song Dynasty, and achieved brilliant achievements in diplomacy and military affairs.
However, military achievements could not hide shortcomings in other aspects, and Song Zhezong used new factions to belittle the old party, thus making the party struggle at that time more and more serious, which greatly depleted the national strength, and thus buried the disaster of the song dynasty party struggle.
Song Zhezong
Although Emperor Renzong of Song "spent money to buy peace" in foreign policy, Emperor Zhezong was very bold and made Western Xia subservient. But historically, Renzong's reputation has always been very good, and Zhezong's reputation is more popular.
Renzheng has always been the highest political state promoted in ancient China, and before Song Renzong, no one could take "Ren" as his nickname. Although Song Renzong had no distinct merits, not as good as Song Taizu's founding cause, not as good as Song Huizong's calligraphy and paintings, but the economic, cultural, political and other achievements under his rule were unprecedented and unprecedented!
As far as the expenditure of the old coins is concerned, this is actually not a heavy burden on the Song Dynasty at that time, and the annual coin expenditure is insignificant compared to the military expenditure of the war. In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Shaanxi's expenditure was 15.51 million; after baoyuan 's second year (1039) began the Song-Xia War, Shaanxi's expenditure in the second year of the Qing calendar (1042) was 33.63 million, almost in deficit.
In the political environment at that time, letting the people rest and recuperate was the best choice for Renzong. Renzong also attached great importance to the cultural development of the country, which made the domestic atmosphere of learning more and more good, and among the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, the "Song Six Families" were all from the Renzong period.
The Qing Ping Le says: "The establishment of a system of taiwan advice, supervision of the monarch's ruling power, and restraint of those in power are to avoid ignorance, arbitrariness, corruption, and other maladministrations and harm to the people." In the final analysis, maintaining this system is still for the sake of people's livelihood. "Compared with building meritorious deeds and expanding the territory, Song Renzong obviously attaches more importance to giving the people peace and stability. It is also necessary to humbly accept the supervision of the Taiwan Counselor and understand that the duties of the speakers and officials are like a stream of advice. Emperor Renzong's strictness to himself, his leniency and kindness to others, set an example for many emperors in later generations, and also laid the foundation for the development and prosperity of the Song Dynasty.
During the reign of Song Renzong, the people were indeed happy, politically clear, and the Haiyan River was clear, and it was praised by historians and politicians of all generations. When Emperor Renzong died, the people wept bitterly, and the people of Liaoxia also worshipped him.
Compared with The good reputation of Emperor Renzong, Emperor Zhezong was very popular. Although Zhezong defeated western Xia and regained lost land, when Zhezong was in power, the old and new partisan disputes were not effectively resolved, but intensified and intensified, thus sowing the seeds of the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
"Qing Ping Le" Yelü Hongji remembers Song Renzong
Another reason for Zhezong's bad reputation is that he died young, because, in modern parlance, it is "kidney deficiency". Regarding the cause of Zhao Xu's death, it is recorded in the "Yuan Fu Legacy System" that since winter, the weather has been very cold, and then Zhao Xu has a cold and flu, so that in the end there is no medicine stone.
In the case of ancient medical conditions, it was entirely possible to die of wind chills. However, in the "Testament of Zeng Gong", it is said that Zhao Xu did not die because of the wind and cold, but "the semen could not help it". That is to say, Zhao Xu may have died of excessive indulgence, of course, an emperor infected with this kind of peach-colored scandal, the reputation will certainly not be very good. There is also a record that Zhao Xu "had many palace maids before and after, and all of them were strange in the world." "
It can be seen from this that judging the quality of an emperor depends on many factors, not only military achievements. Song Renzong was hanged by The Western Xia, and Zhezong was hanged by the Western Xia, so why is Emperor Renzong better than Emperor Zhezong?
Of course, it is the Haiyan River Qing at the time of Emperor Renzong, "Emperor Renzong Shengzhi". "Renzong Shengzhi" was even praised by later generations as "The Saint Ming has the Way tang Yu World, the Sun and the Moon selfless heaven and earth spring". Living in the temple, but with the folk fireworks in mind, this is the eternal official family in the hearts of the people.
bibliography:
"History of Song", "Zizhi Tongjian", "Tiewei Mountain Series"