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When it comes to the tourist attractions in Jincheng, Shanxi, everyone's first reaction is the Imperial City Xiangfu. Indeed, as a national 5a-level scenic spot, the popularity of the Imperial City Xiangfu is so high that few people know whether the village where it is located, Huangcheng Village, is still a traditional Chinese village and a famous Chinese historical and cultural village.
The Imperial City Xiangfu is famous for its large castle-like official eunuch residential complex, compared with the general folk houses and commercial houses, it is naturally magnificent and large-scale, and is praised by experts as "the residence of the first cultural giant in northern China".
Just 7 kilometers away from the imperial city of Xiangfu, Yangcheng County Runcheng Village, is also a traditional Chinese village, the same is a famous Chinese cultural village, there is also a guanju complex, the construction age is many years earlier than the imperial city Xiangfu, this official residence complex is called Tianguan Wangfu.
Jincheng Tianguan Wangfu Tsuka Zaidi.
The two official residences are also inextricably linked, not only in close proximity, but also in kinship, which many people will not pay attention to.
To introduce the Tianguan King's Mansion, first come to know the ancient village of Shangzhuang.
Shangzhuang Ancient Village is located at the southern foot of Taiyue Mountain, on the east bank of the Qin River. It is a small mountain village surrounded by mountains and beautiful scenery, and a mountain stream divides the ancient village into two halves, northwest and southeast. The ancient mansions and towers in the village are lined up one after another, and the atmosphere of luxury is permeated with antique colors.
The reason why Shangzhuang Ancient Village is ancient is because it has a long history of establishment, it was founded in the Song and Jin Dynasties, and has a history of nearly a thousand years. There are more than 40 official houses preserved in the village, and the Tianguan Wangfu is only one of them.
Ancient residences in Shangzhuang Ancient Village, Jincheng City.
Among the remaining residences in the ancient village of Shangzhuang, covering the forms of residence, religion, sacrifice, and commerce, there are dozens of residences of high-ranking officials and nobles in the Ming, Qing and Republic of China, and the most amazing thing for ancient construction experts is that there are three rare Yuan Dynasty residences in the village.
There are many public buildings, especially temples, that were built in the Yuan Dynasty, but the Yuan Dynasty houses are extremely rare, and in the 2011 national cultural relics census, three Yuan Dynasty houses were found in an ordinary farm courtyard in Shangzhuang Ancient Village.
This also proves the long history of Shangzhuang Ancient Village from one side. It is no wonder that in the tourist brochure of Shangzhuang Ancient Village, there is a slogan of "one day through the four dynasties, like a dream back to a thousand years". This is a unique feature in the country.
The Yuan Dynasty residence of Shangzhuang Ancient Village in Jincheng City.
Two years ago, when Brother Hu was looking for an ancient village, he made a special trip to visit this Yuan Dynasty residence. However, it is frustrating that the door is locked and no caretaker has been found, which is regrettable.
The gate of the Yuan Dynasty house still has the couplet of the Spring Festival on the gate, and the four paper cuts on the door hairpin have also faded. The gray-walled and gray-tiled houses look very ordinary, and as for the hump-type beam frame structure, grasshopper head bucket arch, short substitute wood and so on that are characteristic of the Yuan Dynasty architecture, you can only imagine.
Unlike the neighboring Imperial City Xiangfu Castle-style complex, Shangzhuang Ancient Village has a special sluice attic, and the coupon hole under the attic is both a passage in and out of the village and a gate to control the mountains and streams. One of the names of this sluice attic is Yongning Lock. Built in the early Ming Dynasty, it has a history of more than 500 years. The span of the gate gate, that is, the ticket cave gate, is very large, reaching a staggering 7.6 meters, made of green bricks, and below it is a stone river channel, and above it is built an attic to enshrine the emperor and Guanyin.
Jincheng Shangzhuang Ancient Village Yongning Gate.
The Yongning Gate sits from east to west, and there is a plaque with gold characters on a black background on the front of the ticket cave that reads "Water Circling the Clouds", and the plaque on the north side is "Zhong Xiu", which refers to the characteristics of the environment around the village.
Shangzhuang Ancient Village has a narrow and long pattern in the southwest and northeast directions, and a winding river street runs through the village. During the rainy season, the river channel is the main street in the village where the usual walking passes, and the Yongning Lock at the mouth of the village controls the flushing of the stream on the river street, ensuring the safety of various houses on both sides of the river.
Such a rare ancient building with military defense, water conservancy and religious functions has become a major feature of Shangzhuang Ancient Village. Houses on both sides of River Street rise high on the riverbank and descend the dock-style steps to the river street.
The river street is very wide, more than ten meters long, and the river bank more than two meters high is made of large sand and stone barriers. Ancient houses stand on the banks of the river through ups and downs. Walking on the river street, if there is water, boats, and gonggong, it is almost a reproduction of Jiangnan water town.
Night view of Yongning Gate.
Of course, today's Yongning Gate is no longer the original passage into the village. As a scenic spot in the whole village, on the north side of the Yongning Gate, the main entrance and exit of the scenic spot have been newly built, and the Yongning Gate has also become a landscape that is easy to be ignored.
After passing through the Yongning Gate and walking a few tens of meters to the east, on the southeast bank of River Street, there is a complex of buildings, which is the famous Tianguan Wangfu, a complex of official residences that are more famous than the name of the village. Therefore, the official residence in the subheading does not refer to the official office, but to the residence of the official eunuch's house.
The Tianguan Wangfu refers to the large-scale official residence complex built by Wang Guoguang and his family for generations in the Ming Dynasty. Wang Guoguang was an outstanding politician and reformer of the Ming Dynasty, with the rank of official Shangshu and the title of Prince Taibao, who assisted the Ming Dynasty for forty years.
There are two main gate plaques on the building complex: Tianguan Shangqing and Tsukasa Zaidi. Tianguan, derived from the ancient "Zhou Li", is divided into six officials: heaven, earth, spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the heavenly officials are headed by Tsukasa.
Jincheng Tianguan Palace.
The Ming Dynasty official office was divided into six departments, and the six departments were headed by officials, so Wang Guoguang's mansion was called Tianguan Shangqing and Tsuka Zaidi. It is commonly known as the Tianguan Wangfu. There are existing buildings such as Dazun Hall, Tingquan Residence, and Tibetan Soldier Cave.
The original two courtyards of the Tianguan Palace were both east and west courtyards, both of which were checkerboard courtyards, and the east courtyard and the west courtyard stone arch collapsed at the end of the Qing Dynasty. At present, only the West Courtyard remains, and the building in the courtyard is quite Jiangnan style, and the exquisite partition doors and windows highlight the owner's aesthetic interest.
The buildings belonging to Wang Guoguang also belong to the Si Nongdi on the north bank of River Street in the middle of the village, but the preservation is not complete, but the three-story main house construction method is more attractive.
The residence of the Kingdom Light.
The courtyard of Shangzhuang Ancient Village, which belongs to the Wang family, also has Situ Di, which was built by Wang Dao, the cousin of Wang Guoguang and the Shaanxi Qing official Shilang Zhongwang Dao. The door plaque of "Situ" is on the second door, and the door plaque is the most special.
Because the number of words on the stone carved gate plaque is the most single-line arrangement seen at present, it is "Fengzheng Dafu Hubu Shaanxi Qing Official Silang Zhongwang Dao", and the official position is roughly equivalent to that of the director of the Shaanxi Department of the Ministry of Finance. I wonder why I didn't change the door plaque of the second door to the door, so the long word count looks tired.
In front of the main house in Situ Di Courtyard, there is a rare stone platform structure, carved on three sides, which is very exquisite. There is also a plum tree planted in the Ming Dynasty in the courtyard, and it is said that every winter it will bloom with a yellow plum blossom, and the flowers are overflowing.
Ming Dynasty Lamei in the situ courtyard of Shangzhuang Ancient Village.
There is also a courtyard on River Street called the Courtyard along the Street, which is relatively intact. The owner of the compound is Wang Zhaohe, the second son of Wang Guoguang. It was also the residence and medical practice of Wang Zuoqi, the father-in-law of Chen Tingjing, the master of the Imperial City.
Wang Zuoqi was Wang Guoguang's great-grandson, so in this calculation, Chen Tingjing was Wang Guoguang's granddaughter-in-law. Therefore, Chen Tingjing of the Qing Dynasty and Wang Guoguang of the Ming Dynasty are real relatives.
From the high and low on both sides of the river street, you can enjoy the various dynastic buildings scattered along the curved river channel, compared with the Tianguan Wangfu, which was built in the Ming Dynasty, the subsequent buildings of the Wang family, especially the Qing Dynasty architecture, are relatively well preserved.
Leaving aside the common Qing Dynasty architecture, there is also a mansion of a Republic of China tycoon in Shangzhuang Ancient Village, that is, the Fan Family Manor, which consists of a new courtyard, a ancestral hall, and a garden.
The gate of the Fan family manor.
The main body of the building of FanJia Manor is in the Republic of China style, and its owner is Fan Cifeng, the most prominent figure in the political circles of Yangcheng County during the Republic of China period, who served as the deputy director of the Secretariat of the Shanxi Provincial Appeasement Office during the Republic of China period.
The fan family manor is most famous for the carved gate tower and outer eaves of the new courtyard, as well as the combination of Chinese and Western architectural styles. In particular, the wood carvings on the gatehouse are decorated with eight immortals crossing the sea, Fulu Shou three stars, etc., with many characters and vivid looks, which are the best wood carvings of the same period.
Exquisite wood carvings of the gate of the Fan family manor.
This can be clearly seen from the accompanying diagram. Fanjia Manor is also a fine building preserved from the official residence architecture of the Republic of China period.
This ancient village of Shangzhuang, which has a population of hundreds of people in ancient times, has been famous for generations, leaving us with a rich cultural and historical heritage, especially the ancient houses built along the river street, which have experienced the wind and rain of the four dynasties of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, presenting us with a strange feeling of a river street crossing the four dynasties and visiting the dream of a thousand years in one day.
Today, this ancient mountain village, far from the hustle and bustle of the city, has become a model because of the outstanding achievements in the protection of ancient villages, and has been praised by ancient construction experts as "the first village of Chinese people's residences."
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