This is not surprising. He has too many things to deal with and too many clues. However, he was also a conscientious and responsible person, doing everything himself, lest he live up to the high expectations of the former emperor. It can be said that he wanted to give up his life to complete the mission, determined to achieve "bow down to the best of his ability, and die after death."
Responsibilities and responsibilities have been overwhelmed, not to mention that they still have ideals.
Trouble arises from this.
The real trouble is not in the Revival of the Han Room, but in what kind of Han Room it is. If the surname is Liu, why not assist Liu Biao? If you still have to follow the old path of the Eastern Han Dynasty, why not follow Yuan Shao? You must know that Zhuge Liang was already twenty years old at the time of the Battle of Guandu, and he had long regarded himself as Guan Zhong and Le Yi.
Select Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang must have ideas.
In fact, like Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang was both a builder of the new order and a reformer of the old system. What he executed in shu han was actually a "Cao Cao route without Cao Cao", and may even go further.
For example, "rule by law".
This is what both Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang advocated, and it is also impossible for them to fully achieve it. However, the rule of man and the rule of law, in Cao Cao's case, are four or six, or even five or five. When he killed Kong Rong, Cui Yan, and Yang Xiu, there was no rule of law to speak of, although he always rewarded and punished clearly, and he had also "brought justice" to himself.
Zhuge Liang did three or seven open, or even two or eight open. He also condoned Fazheng's misconduct and wrongfully killed the Yizhou clan, but it was either a last resort or a political necessity. Whenever possible, he always tried to be impartial.
The result?
The nobles, the wise and the foolish, are all impressed, and they are all resentful. The sigh is because the law enforcement is fair, and the resentment is because the legislation is severe. In fact, fairness does not mean not severe, but it is equally harsh on all people. Therefore, on the one hand, it is "those who have no complaints although the criminal government is steep", and on the other hand, they are "self-respecting gentlemen and villains who have a grudge".
So, is Zhuge Liang's law a severe punishment law?
Of course. Because his government was a military junta, his political and economic management was also a wartime system. From this point of view, even the peng xi case is probably out of political necessity, although Zhuge Liang is extremely disgusted with this person. But more importantly, no one can be allowed to talk nonsense in wartime. free speech? Don't!
Even Zhuge Liang himself was cautious.
Caution is also a political imperative. It should be known that Zhuge Liang's power and authority in the Shu Han Dynasty far exceeded that of Liu Chan, and the Northern Expedition to Cao Wei lost one after another, and the people suffered losses and money, and it was not wise to misuse Ma Mo to suppress Wei Yan. The high places were originally cold, not to mention that everywhere is the wind outlet is the tip of the waves, are you not afraid of others talking nonsense?
Also afraid.
In this case, to achieve "monopoly without dishonor, to do the work of the king and the people of the country without doubt", the only way to strictly demand oneself. At least, Zhuge Liang had no surplus inside and no money outside, and indeed achieved a clean wind in his sleeves. It is precisely this kind of high wind and bright festival that has won him the heartfelt admiration and remembrance of the masses of the people.
The question is, does it have to be so tired?
Nor does it.
In fact, the so-called liu chan incompetence does not hold. After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan no longer appointed chancellor, but instead sima Jiang Huan was in charge of administration and military affairs, and the general Fei Yi was in charge of military administration and administration. Is such a political structure and distribution of power that checks and balances between them conceive of by mentally handicapped people?
Liu Chan was not confused either. When Sima Yi conquered Liaodong, the Shu people thought it was a good time for the Northern Expedition to Cao Wei, but Liu Chan was very calm and calm. He ordered Jiang Huan to enter Hanzhong, and at the same time instructed that he must not launch an attack until the Wu army also began to move, the east and west echoed each other, and there were problems within the Wei state.
Mentally handicapped? not!
Then, why did Zhuge Liang monopolize power and refuse to return the government to the king?
Perhaps, he wants political reform.
In other words, what he wants to revive is actually the ideal Western Han Dynasty.
The political ideal implicit in the state system in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty was to distinguish between the court and the imperial court, the imperial power and the xiang power, and the palace and the palace. The emperor is the head of state, which mainly plays the role of symbolizing the unity of the country; the prime minister is the head of government, leading the officials to administer the country concretely, and is responsible for all practical political responsibilities.
This system is called the "virtual monarch reality."
The reality of the void, okay?
Not the best, but not bad either. Because according to this system, the emperor authorizes but is not responsible, and the prime minister is responsible without sovereignty. Once the state is in trouble, the head of state who is not in charge can hold the responsible prime minister in the name of the authorizer, who may also become a "responsible cabinet" or an "accountable government".
This was the case with the Shu Han during Zhuge Liang's reign. The Table of Renunciation says: "May Your Majesty's courtiers have the effect of reviving the thieves, and if they do not, they will cure the sins of their subjects, so as to tell the spirit of the former emperor." "This is both authorization and accountability, which is actually better than the emperor's pro-government."
However, there are many problems here.
First of all, how to ensure that the prime minister with real power will not take the opportunity to stage a coup d'état and become a new emperor who both usurps the throne and is pro-government? Zhuge Liang's method was to use his own personality as a guarantee, but unfortunately, the moral guarantee has never been reliable. Zhuge Liang himself is not Wang Mang, which does not mean that someone else is not Cao Pi.
Second, in the absence of a constitution and no Congress, we do not know how the prime minister, who has real power and never puts around, will come to be. Of course, Liu Bei was very lucky, and Liu Chan did not dare to gamble on this. After Jiang Huan's death, he simply "took matters into his own hands" and as a result became the king of the subjugated country, and could only go to Luoyang to pretend to be crazy and stupid.
Zhuge Liang's political reforms finally failed, if he really meant it.
If.
Zhuge Liang, who failed in political reform, could only be a moral model, even Lü Dongbin's brother. People lamented his "failure to succeed in his career" and envied his "three gu naimi", and even let him put on a gossip coat, shake a goose feather fan, take out a bag of tricks from his sleeve, and call him a "symbol of wisdom".
The reality of the virtual monarch, the rule of law, no one mentions.
Sum up experience, learn lessons, and don't even think about it.
Maybe that's history. History is not always able to truly present its true face, and the historical image is always less influential than the literary image and the folk image, and the idols of the mediocre are not to be criticized and discussed.
Zhuge Liang's spirit in heaven could only chew on his own loneliness.