Liao Zongze was transferred from Chuanxi Prison several months after Xu Yuanju, Zhou Yanghao, and others were imprisoned in the White Mansion.
Just as Liao Zongze was being taken to the Baigongguan Prison, the Kuomintang authorities who fled to Taiwan sadly announced that Liao Zongze, director of the Police Department of the Kuomintang Ordnance Industry Bureau, was calmly righteous on the mainland, and Chiang Kai-shek posthumously awarded him the rank of lieutenant general, and also published "Liao Zongze's Martyr's Strategy" in the "Central Daily." This is a strange article. Qiwen is appreciated together, and the meaning of the opposite is analyzed. The full text of the special transcript is as follows for the preparation:
The martyr Liao Zongze, Zi Damin, a native of Huayang, Sichuan, graduated from the Sichuan Law and Politics School, the Army Lecture Hall, and the Central Military Academy, and served as a company, captain and staff officer. In April 21, the Republic of China joined the Investigation and Statistics Bureau of the Military Commission, and successively served as section, station, district chief, secretary and director, column commander, division chief, commander and other public positions. In the 34th year of the Republic of China, he was awarded a medal of loyalty and diligence for meritorious service, and in 37 years, he was awarded a medal of the fourth class for his meritorious service in handling espionage. In the 38 years when bandits were rampant and the mainland fell, the martyrs led their troops to organize local armed forces in the Huaying Mountains of Sichuan to engage in guerrilla and anti-riot work against bandits. With his honesty and loyalty, he ascended to a high position, and the followers gathered, and the momentum was extremely strong, and he dealt a major blow to the Bandit Chuanbei Military Region. Bandits stabbed in the back, sleeping and eating, because of the gathering of the ugly public security army two divisions, land and air cooperation, besieging the rebels. The martyr swore to die unyieldingly, fought fiercely for more than a month, and finally became outnumbered, ran out of ammunition and food, but raised a gun to commit suicide, which was blocked by the ministry. On January 12, 1940, he was captured with all his might, coerced and seduced, and finally did not suffer humiliation, because he calmly took up his righteousness in Chengdu on April 15 of the same year, and posthumously awarded the title of lieutenant general. The widow's wife, Lao Yawen, Zi Shijun and Shimin, nuqian, Rongrong, and Tianqi, were all in Taiwan.
Liao Zongze's crimes in Chongqing are too numerous to describe.
The Police Department of the Ordnance Industry Bureau, which he presided over, is an open unit that guards against rape, espionage, and theft, and specializes in secret service activities in the military industry system.
On November 18, 1949, Mao Renfeng convened a meeting at the He Longqing Mansion in Jialing New Village to convene a meeting of the heads of the secret service units in Chongqing to implement the plan to carry out the great destruction in Chongqing. At the meeting, the Chongqing Factory Breaking Office (called the Temporary Headquarters to the outside world, with Yang Sen, commander-in-chief of the Chongqing Garrison, as the commander-in-chief, liao Zongze and Fan Xisheng, chief of staff of the Chongqing Garrison Headquarters, as deputy commanders), and Liao Zongze as the director of the department, specifically responsible for carrying out the task of breaking the factory. On November 29, Liao Zongze planned and directed the explosion and destruction of the Changshou Hydropower Plant of the Resources Commission, the Daxigou Chongqing Electric Power Plant, the International Radio, the 21st, 24th, and 25th Arsenals, as well as the Shapingba Arsenal, baishiyi airport, Chuanjiang boats, and the Cave Highway Bridge. Earlier, he also sent three members of the technical corps to lead a detachment of traffic police to the Qijiang River to prepare to destroy the Qijiang Bridge.
As early as October 1949, after the Police Department of the Ordnance Engineering Bureau fled from Guangzhou to Chongqing, Liao Zongze saw that the southwest was also liberated one after another, so he was ordered by Mao Renfeng to jointly organize guerrilla forces with the Southwest Special Zone of the Secrecy Bureau and served as the chairman of the Southwest SAR Guerrilla Steering Committee of the Secrecy Bureau. He called a meeting of the inspectors and captains of the armaments factories to organize forces to help themselves against the communists, and proposed the formation of an anti-communist national salvation regiment, the establishment of the anti-communist national salvation army corps under the police department, Liao Zi as the director general, the head of the police team and the captain of the guard brigade of the arsenal as officers, and the sub-regiments under the factories and the sub-regiments to set up teams, with the inspectors and guards as the main targets, and adopt a secret method to recruit troops.
(Old photo of Liao Zongze, a special agent of the Military Command)
A few days before the liberation of Chongqing, Liao Zongze, with the Anti-Communist National Salvation Regiment as the backbone, recruited a number of arsenal inspectors and guards, and coerced a small number of reactionaries and backward elements among the staff and workers of various arsenals, totaling more than 4,000 people, to organize a "stoic" unit, which was called the Independent First Division of the Chongqing Garrison Headquarters, with Liao Himself as the division commander and the factories as independent division detachments.
On November 29, after Liao Zongze presided over the implementation of the Chongqing explosion, he led his troops to flee in the direction of Hechuan with two CMS special intelligence planes equipped with the Secrecy Bureau.
In early December, the remnants of Liao Zongze fled to Yuechi via Guang'an. By this time, Liao was already surrounded by the People's Liberation Army, and during the evacuation, a radio station was lost. Liao decided to abandon the plan to establish a guerrilla base area at Huaying Mountain, and prepared to retreat the remnants of the defeated army to Peng'an and Yilong for training, and then move to the Daba Mountains to establish a guerrilla base area. However, liaobu was defeated by the People's Liberation Army as soon as it entered Peng'an County. Liao led the remnants to flee to Yilong, and after meeting with Yang Yuansen's guerrilla forces of the "April 1st" forces, he sent people to find Hu Zongnan stationed in Bazhong to collect the troops, but was refused. Yang Yuansen saw that the situation was not good, canceled the banner of the "April 1st" unit, and after incorporating the remnants into Liao Zongze's single division, fled to Chengdu with four or five guards, lurked in Wufengxi, Jintang County, and was captured in May 1950.
Liao Zongze, on the other hand, was arrested by the Xindu County Public Security Bureau a year later.
The life path of Liao Zongze, a loyal pawn of Chiang Kai-shek and a bloody debt to the people of Chongqing, is a strange circle that makes many people unbelievable.
Liao Zongze was once a communist with considerable responsibilities, and he and Cao Diqiu were close comrades-in-arms during the Guanghan Uprising, and both served as political commissars in the Red Army. Now he is a prisoner of the Communist Party, while Cao Diqiu, a close comrade-in-arms who was born and died with him, has become the third secretary of the Communist Party's Chongqing Municipal Party Committee.
(Cao Diqiu, former Third Secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and First Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee)
A taste of Liao Zongze's tortuous life path will make many people sigh.
October 25, 1930, the fourth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the day after the frost fell.
It's Saturday. Late at night, in Guanghan County, located in the northeast of the Chengdu Plain, the noise of the weekend has gradually subsided. The electric light company pulled the gate at the eleventh tap of the night, and the whole city suddenly sank into darkness.
Suddenly, from Guanghan Middle School, a bell of "dang, dang, dang" sounded. The loud bells are particularly exciting in this cold night in late autumn. Immediately afterward, the shrill sound of gunfire tore through the night sky, which, though not intense, was more shocking than the sound of bells.
The armed uprising led by the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China - the Guanghan Mutiny broke out!
At that time, the army stationed in Guanghan was the 2nd Mixed Brigade of the Kuomintang 28th Army, and of the more than 20 companies, two-thirds of the companies established the CCP underground organization, which was a unit with a good revolutionary foundation. After the mutiny broke out, there was no major battle, and the revolutionary forces completely controlled the city. The next afternoon, most of the mutinous troops were gathered in Guanghan Park to hold a meeting and officially announce the establishment of the First Route Army of the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. A young man in a long shirt and glasses stepped onto the rostrum and spoke on behalf of the Committee of Former Enemies of the leading organ of the uprising. Many people in the army recognized him as Teacher Cao, a teacher at Guanghan Middle School, cao Diqiu, who later became a senior communist cadre. Cao Diqiu announced the appointment of the commander of the Red Army by the Former Committee. "Liao Zongze, political commissar of the first column!"
A tall, handsome young man walked to the podium and saluted the soldiers.
Liao Zongze, who has just turned 27, although young, has many years of revolutionary experience. He joined the Communist Party of China when he was at the Whampoa Military Academy, and after graduating in the fourth phase, he was sent by the party organization to accompany Zhu De to Sichuan with Wen Qiang and Yu Yuan to engage in military movement work. After that, he also engaged in military movement work under the leadership of Yang Gong. He participated in the first armed uprising led by the CCP, the Luzhou and Shunqing uprisings led by Liu Bocheng, and served as Liu Bocheng's guard battalion commander during the uprising. After the failure of the uprising, he was transferred to Chengdu and was sent to the 28th Army of the Sichuan Army (Jiangfang Army) to participate in the work of the underground army branch, and the position of section chief of the third section of the Political Department of the General Headquarters of the Jiangfang Army was used as a cover for the outside world.
In 1929, he also participated in the Suining and Pengxi Uprisings of the Seventh Mixed Brigade of the Jiang Defense Army led by Kwong Jixun. After the defeat, he withdrew to Chengdu and served as a member of the Sichuan Special Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China and secretary of the Central Military Commission, and continued to devote himself to the dangerous and arduous work of developing revolutionary forces among soldiers.
(Kuang Jixun, director of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of the Communist Party of China and commander of the Sixth Red Army)
This time, he and Cao Diqiu served as political commissars of the newly born First and Second Columns of the Red Army, respectively.
The Guanghan Mutiny was the last armed uprising launched by the Lisan line of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China at that time to carry out the "left-leaning" adventure. Like the series of mutinies held by the provincial party committee before that, the Guanghan mutiny was doomed to be impossible to succeed. After the defeat, Liao Zongze and other comrades in the front committee agreed on a plan for retreat and concealment, and then he disguised himself with Yi Xingu, commander of the Second Column, and left the unit. After the frenzied counterattack of the enemy recaptured Guanghan, a large-scale search and massacre began, and the Chengdu Plain was submerged in bloody rain and wind.
Liao Zongze fled back to his hometown of Shibantan in Huayang County, not far from Chengdu (his family's ancestral home was Guangdong, and he was a guest who moved here in the early years) to escape the limelight. Soon, because Liu Xiang's special committee of the 21st Army in Chongqing had recruited many traitors to arrest the Communists, the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China was unable to gain a foothold in Chongqing and was forced to move to Chengdu, and Liao Zongze joined the work of the provincial military commission. At this time, Liao Zongze's revolutionary conviction began to waver, and the reason for his vacillation was not the white terror from the enemy, but the repeated "left-leaning" mistakes in the CCP at that time. Liao Zongze has been engaged in military work in Sichuan for a long time, and it is precisely in the military field that the fiasco brought about by the left-leaning line has brought about one fiasco after another, which has made military cadres like him who do specific leadership work the most painful. The revolutionary movement of the soldiers in the Sichuan army was originally carried out relatively well, but the riots and mutinies launched by the Lisan line in disregard of subjective and objective conditions were carried out with immature revolutionary forces to hit the pebbles with pebbles, and in a few strokes, the revolutionaries' belongings accumulated over the years of hard work were wiped out. At the same time, in the uprising, many practices of establishing the three lines also confused and even dissatisfied the comrades engaged in specific leadership work, and an important principle was "to ask for soldiers and not officers"; in the uprising, one-sided emphasis was placed on the class component and the exclusion of the officer class. The reality at that time was that the vast majority of officers came from non-workers' and peasant families, and even many officers who had joined the Communist Party at the risk of killing their heads at the low tide of the revolution were excluded, so the uprisings launched in the Kuomintang army at that time were called soldiers' riots and mutinies, and even the Military Commissions at all levels of the Party were renamed the Military Commissions.
The Jiangjin Mutiny, which preceded the Guanghan Dynasty, is a very typical example. After the mutiny failed, many comrades criticized Jiang Jinbing for becoming a fool to dig his own wall. The soldiers of the Jiangjin Mutiny spilled their blood in the front, and the same was true of the Guanghan Mutiny that followed. According to liu Lianbo, a former member of the committee who participated in the leadership of the uprising at that time, according to the erroneous guiding ideology of "asking for soldiers and not officers" of the Lisan line at that time, the Chuanxi Provincial Committee decided that party members who had previously held officer positions in the army should not be notified of the news of the uprising, and after the success of the uprising, these party members were also sent away from the army like other officers. The logic is simple: since they have become officers, they are bound to be subjected to the material inducements of the reactionaries and the erosion of their ideas. Looking at such a decision now, it is simply ridiculous! But at that time, the young Communists carried it out as a golden rule, for a grandiose reason: it was to preserve the purity of the revolutionary ranks!
As a result of this decision, many sad and indignant things occurred in the course of the uprising. Comrade Qi Ting, who was the secretary of the Former Committee of the Guanghan Mutiny at the time, wrote in a report to the CPC Central Committee afterwards: "After the outbreak of the uprising, because 'soldiers are needed and no officials are needed', no one in the headquarters is responsible, and the original organization was disrupted, resulting in chaos in the troops. The force establishment system waited until the troops were defeated and remained unclear. Due to the chaotic organization of the teams, no one was responsible for feeding, resulting in some soldiers not being able to eat. Hundreds of recruits also dispersed on their own, unaccompanied. The exclusion of officers and Communists among the officers led to the dispersal of the former underground military branches. In his report to the Central Committee, Qi Ting wrote bitterly: Once the mutiny broke out, the former committee did not care about organizational problems, and did not clean up the organizations of the companies in the past two or three days. Qi Ting also wrote: "At that time, because of the guiding ideology of asking for soldiers and not officers, the establishment was disrupted, and many people were busy and chaotic, and even the citizens' assembly to be held was not completed. I think that the citizens of Guanghan may not know what they are doing in this city. ”
Can such an uprising succeed?
That night, the rebel troops marched to the town of Gaoping in a state of chaos. Because the original organization was disrupted, the system of the new organization was unknown, and it was not accustomed to the new number, so that soldiers could be seen shouting and shouting everywhere during the camp, looking for their own personnel. People are tired and hungry, no one provides for them first, and many people do not have to eat, so there is a violation of discipline. Some experienced soldiers saw the crisis, and if this continued, they would be able to resist the enemy if they encountered the enemy. On the march, there were voices of resentment, thinking that the people with overall military responsibility were too incompetent, not good at deploying everything, and unable to command the troops, and the lives of thousands of people were not regarded as a child's play? The discussion became more and more intense, and the more concentrated opinion was to let the former chief of staff, Liu Dijun, come out as the commander-in-chief of the rebel forces. Liu Dijun was a member of the Communist Party among the officers, and his introducer to the party was Zhang Xiushu, a former acting provincial party secretary, and a member of the underground military branch. He also had considerable prestige among the soldiers, and was supposed to be a member of the leadership of the uprising, but because he was an officer, he was ostracized and sent away. It was only because after the outbreak of the uprising that he took the initiative to join the Red Army that the former committee reluctantly agreed to his stay, taking into account the lack of military cadres, but did not allow him to take up a leading position. At present, the soldiers are clamoring everywhere, all of them want Liu Dijun to come out and take responsibility, the front committee is forced to be helpless, considering that there are strong enemies in the front and pursuing soldiers in the rear, the troops are extremely dangerous, and stabilizing the hearts of the army should be the first purpose, so they had to hastily announce the appointment of Liu Dijun as the commander-in-chief of the Red Army. However, fearing that such a politically unreliable person would monopolize military power, he imposed many restrictions on him, requiring him to seek instructions from the former commission in everything.
The next day, another incident occurred, a platoon leader was excluded from the uprising because he was an officer, but after the signal of the uprising was sent, the platoon leader took the initiative to lead his troops to participate in the uprising, and was very brave and resourceful, and finally took control of the whole battalion. The front committee also had to appoint him as the captain of the brigade. Who knew that this captain of the brigade spoke for one of the rich gentry when a former committee member was collecting ransom from the local tycoons and inferior gentry who had been arrested, and clashed with the former committee members. This incident immediately led the members of the front committee to form a consensus, believing that there were already signs of counter-revolutionary restoration among the rebel troops, so when the uprising failed and the troops were fighting fiercely with the enemy, they decided to carry out a revolt in the troops, and the brigade leader was first eliminated, and Liu Dijun, the commander-in-chief who was leading the rebel troops to attack Mianzhu County in accordance with the orders of the former committee, was also included in the list of revolts and executions, and decided to execute Liu Dijun immediately after the capture of Mianzhu County.
Liao Zongze did not attend the meeting of the former committee, because he was also in the front line with Liu Dijun and Cao Diqiu. Afterwards, when he learned that the front committee had made such a decision, he was shocked and angry. Fortunately, in that battle, Mianzhu could not be captured, and Liu Dijun also picked up a life. However, when Liu Di's army failed to attack Mianzhu and learned that the former committee had made the decision to execute him, he immediately threw his scattered troops to the Sichuan warlord Tian Songyao. However, such a result just made people with "left-leaning" ideas firmly believe in the correct predictability of the left-leaning line, but unfortunately they were one step late and let a counter-revolutionary leader like Liu Dijun run away. All this greatly dampened Liao Zongze's belief in the party and caused him to have a strong pessimism.
Soon, another incident occurred within the party that caused Liao Zongze to be greatly shaken!
One day in mid-autumn, a young woman came to Liao Zongze's residence on Jueban Street in Chengdu. This person's name is Zhou Dunwan, a native of Jiangjin County, and she has a high prestige in the Sichuan Party, she is the first secretary of the Jiangjin County CPC Committee of the underground party, the first member of the Sichuan Provincial CPC Committee, and the first female provincial party committee member of Sichuan Province.
Zhou Dunwan looked uneasy and told Liao Zongze that Wen Qiang had secretly come to Chengdu, because there were too many people who knew him, so she had to stay in the hotel and let her come alone to contact him. Wen Qiang is a good friend of Liao Zongze, who graduated from Huangpu at the same time and followed Zhu De into Sichuan. In 1927, the Kuomintang cleaned the party, Wen Qiang was forced to flee Sichuan, participated in the August 1 Nanchang Uprising, and after the defeat, he entered Sichuan twice, reconnected with the organizational relationship through Liao Zongze, and the two of them worked together for a long time in Kwong Jixun's army, and their friendship was very deep.
Liao Zongze immediately went with Zhou Dunwan to a small guest house on Chunxi Road to meet Wen Qiang. After the meeting, Liao Zongze knew why Zhou Dunwan was full of sorrow. Originally, after the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the CPC was forced to move to Chengdu at the end of the spring of that year because of the serious white terror in Chongqing, another Special Committee for The Eastern Sichuan Of the CPC was established in Chongqing, and Wen Qiang was left in Chongqing as the secretary of the Chuandong Special Committee, leading the underground party work in Chongqing and the eastern Sichuan region. Unexpectedly, in June of that year, Wen Qiang was betrayed by traitors and arrested by the 21st Army Special Committee. Fortunately, the enemy did not know Wen Qiang's identity at this time, only that he had led the peasant rebel army in eastern Sichuan. Wen Qiang then said that he had left the CCP organization after the failure of the Chuandong Uprising, and this time he had just arrived in Chongqing and planned to find another career. At that time, the organization director of the Sichuan East Special Committee was Zheng Youzhi, nicknamed "Sichuan Carr", who was resourceful and had already infiltrated his own people in the special committee, and after the cooperation between the inside and the outside, Wen Qiang finally escaped from prison.
(Zheng Youzhi, who was a member of the Cpc Chuannan Special Committee, secretary of the Yibin County CPC Committee, and secretary of the Zigong Special Branch)
Because the agents were arresting Wen Qiang everywhere, he was no longer able to gain a foothold in Chongqing, and after study by the Chuandong Special Committee, it was decided that Wen Qiang and Zhou Dunwan would immediately go to Chengdu to report to the provincial party committee and ask for instructions to assign work separately. Who knew that at that time, the leaders of the provincial party committee had just begun to implement Wang Ming's line, and were resolutely opposing the rightist trend, believing that Wen Qiang had behaved irregularly after being arrested, and wanted to punish Wen Qiang. In fact, Wen Qiang, in accordance with the instructions of the party organization outside the prison, skillfully maneuvered with the enemy and delayed time in order to facilitate the rescue, and said some things that did not involve secrets within the party.
Liao Zongze listened to Wen Qiang's account and was very angry, he knew Wen Qiang very well, Wen Qiang entered Sichuan for the second time, it was through him that he connected with the organization, the two fought side by side, suffering and sharing, it can be said that it was a matter of life and death, he absolutely did not agree to the punishment of Wen Qiang by the provincial party committee, linked to the fiasco caused by the Lisan line, he was both sad and depressed, and when it came to sadness, he actually beat his chest and burst into tears.
(Old photo of Wen Qiang, a special agent of the Military Command)
During Wen Qiang and Zhou Dunwan's appeal and defense to the provincial party committee, Liao Zongze actively searched for a place for Wen Qiang and his wife, and took the couple to hide in Tibet in the bitter wind and rain (because Wen Qiang was still wanted by the enemy). However, in the end, the provincial party committee still insisted on punishing Wen Qiang, and because Wen Qiang refused to admit his mistake, the punishment was upgraded from a serious warning to expulsion from the party.
Wen Qiang and Zhou Dunwan left Sichuan in anger and planned to go to Shanghai to complain to Zhou Enlai.
But they did not know that the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee had already said in a report to the Central Committee: "Wen Qiang has been expelled from the Party by the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and hopes not to have any relationship with him."
Regarding the experience of his wife Zhou Dunwan and his expulsion from the Communist Party, Wen Qiang recalled in his later years:
My first wife was Zhou Dunwan, a graduate of Yenching University. Later, when she returned to her hometown, when she was the principal of Jiangjin Middle School, she met two people, one was Yun Daiying in the Communist Party, and the other was Xiao Chunu in the Communist Party. One day, they said to Zhou Dunwan, "We introduced you to the Communist Party." Zhou Dunwan said: "I am very happy to have your introduction." ”
(Old photo of the martyr Yun Daiying)
(Old photo of Xiao Chu female martyr)
After Yun Daiying and Xiao Chunu introduced Zhou Dunwan to the party, Zhou immediately served as the secretary of the Jiangjin underground county party committee. Within the Communist Party's Sichuan organization, she was the first female county party secretary. At this time, Zhou Dunwan met a county magistrate named Liu Yuan'an, who was very famous in Sichuan, and later served as the secretary of the provincial party committee of the Communist Party, and later as an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, and went to the Soviet Union. The two of them had a relationship, and later, Zhou Dunwan and Liu Wan'an married.
After I participated in the August 1st Nanchang Uprising, I returned to Sichuan in 1928 and restored my organizational relationship...
Not long after, Liu Yuan'an was discovered by Liu Xiang's agents during a meeting, and after being arrested, Liu Yuan'an insisted that he was the only one, and he didn't know anything else, and he was shot within a few days.
After I escaped from the bandit troops of Cheng Deshan, I returned to Chongqing, and through the introduction of Wang Weizhou, I found Cheng Zijian, the acting secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, who was a work-study student in France and was old. He took me to the provincial party committee office on the same day and entered the house, and Cheng Zijian introduced: "This female comrade is Zhou Dunwan, her husband Liu Yuan'an was killed by Liu Xiang, and now she is in charge of the Central Military Commission and is the secretary general of the Central Military Commission." ”
(Cheng Zijian, who was the director of the Organization Department of Chuankang and the secretary of the Chuankang Special Committee of the CPC)
"Oh," I said, "she was the first women's minister in Sichuan Province, the first female provincial party committee member, and the first signboard in the province's women's Communist Party." ”
Zhou Dunwan was very strange: "How come you know my things?" ”
I said, "You're a famous person, how can you not know?" ”
Not long after, one day, I was standing at the gate and saw a man coming, wearing a top hat and a little taller than me. As he was about to enter the door, I stood in the way: "Hey, who are you old gentleman looking for?" ”
He looked me up and down as if he knew me, and said, "Oh, the face is familiar." I came to see Zhou Dunwan, Zhou Dunwan is my cousin, we are all Jiangjin people. ”
When he said this, I suddenly realized, "You are Mr. Wu Fangji (Mao Zedong's teacher), right?" ”
He said, "How do you know I'm Wu Fangji?" I said that you are a teacher at Changsha Mingde Middle School and that I am a student of Mingde Middle School. I ran in and shouted: Zhou Dunwan, you have a cousin to see you. Zhou Dunwan ran out and welcomed her cousin in to sit down.
She asked her cousin, "How do you know him?" ”
Wu Fangji said: "I have taught at Changsha Mingde Middle School, he is a student of Mingde, and I have a teacher-student friendship with him. Then he asked me if I was married? I said no. He asked how he had not gotten married after the age of 30? I said that now I am fighting everywhere, and I don't know where I will die, and I have no intention of getting married.
Wu Fangji said: "Today I will be the introducer, and the two of you will get married tonight." Cheng Zijian also said: "That's the best, you are very good together." ”
(Wu Fangji old photo)
Zhou Dunwan and I couldn't help but persuade everyone, so we agreed.
That night, I made a lot of dishes, ate a meal, and got married.
Later, I became the secretary of the Chuandong Special Committee, and I led 23 counties, at that time, Mao Zedong's Soviet District only had 12 counties, and I was in charge of 23 counties, which was the largest one.
Zhou Dunwan and I were married for 10 years, in 1941 she had a uterine fibroid removal operation, Japanese planes came to bomb, in the panic, the doctor sewed a scalpel into Zhou Dunwan's stomach, Dunwan died. Zhou Enlai once had a letter asking Zhou Dunwan to go to Yan'an, but Zhou Dunwan did not complete her ambition to go to Yan'an, and she held a grudge for the rest of her life, because I tired her.
Regarding the experience after escaping from Liu Xiang's 21st Army prison, Wen Qiang recalled:
I escaped from prison and returned home, and Zhou Dunwan and an aunt were surprised to see me return. At this time, Dun Wan, secretary general of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and director of propaganda, said in the dead of night: "In order to save you, we tried our best to save you, and it was not easy to rescue you." ”
I said, "As soon as I escape, there will be chaos, blowing whistles, shooting, you hurry up and clean up, we will go to your mother's house Jiangjin to hide." ”
After arriving in Jiangjin, Zhou Dunwan said: "After you were arrested, the provincial party committee organs did not lose anything, no one died, and you also escaped from danger." We went to Chengdu together, and I'll help you explain the arrest. ”
It was August 1931, we took a sedan all the way from Jiangjin to Chengdu, Liao Zongze let me stay in his house, I said that now the enemy wants me everywhere, I can't bother you, let's stay in the hotel.
Zhou Dunwan went to see Luo Shiwen, the secretary of the provincial party committee, and when she came back, she told me that Luo Shiwen had a very bad attitude toward me. I asked why? Zhou Dunwan said that he said you should not divulge the secrets of the party. I said that I had made up a set of deceptions to deceive the enemy, what was wrong? I'm not ashamed.
I met with Rothman at a teahouse. Luo Shiwen said: "You picked up a life and came out, we are very welcome." But you have leaked the secrets of the Party, and you are very undeserved, and I am afraid that you will have to stay in the Party for inspection. ”
I said, "Luo Shiwen, when you met and didn't make the situation clear, you just played official with me, are you neurotic?" The two of us are on an equal footing in the party, so what are you doing with me to fight these officialdoms? What am I sorry for the party? I didn't influence our organization to die a person, and I escaped, so why should I stay in the Party for inspection? And be blamed for this or that. What do you mean? I was rescued by you, and if there was no party rescue, I would not be able to run away, what is wrong with me? ”
Luo Shiwen said: "You don't know that the three lines of Wang Mingli have appeared in the party, which has made a mess of our party. ”
I asked him, "In the 23 counties I was in charge of, many very good Communists were killed and thrown into sacks on the Jialing River." As the secretary of the provincial party committee, do you know what is going on? ”
He patted the table: "I can't say this, as soon as I say that I have to make mistakes, you are the secretary of the special committee of the 23 counties, you must obey on this issue, you should not ask, asking is making mistakes, you must know that our party has iron discipline." ”
"Oh, the party has iron discipline and you can come at will?"
"On behalf of the provincial party committee, I am now announcing to you the iron discipline and enforcing the iron discipline on you."
I also slapped the table: "Fart! You are a Communist Party member, I am also a Communist Party member, you are the secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, I am also a member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, and everyone is a responsible Communist Party member. ”
"This is the iron discipline laid down by Comrade Lenin."
"What lenin did not lenin do in the party like this?" It makes no sense to kill all the good Party members! ”
That environment is a tea house, we quarreled, and the tea customers next to us were watching us. Afraid of revealing my identity, I said to Luo Shiwen: "Luo Shiwen, the two of us should not quarrel here, I paid for the tea, and went to the city wall to continue arguing." ”
I paid for the tea and dragged Rothman up the wall.
(Martyr Luo Shiwen, who was the secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Working Committee and the secretary of the Sichuan Kang Special Committee of the Communist Party of China)
Luo Shiwen muttered in his heart, afraid that I would deal with him, so he said: "You are engaged in military affairs, you are a Huangpu student, what do you want to do to me?" ”
I said, "I want you to make things clear and go back, I don't mean to deal with you." Luo Shiwen said: "I don't talk about it, I make mistakes as soon as I talk about it." I said, "It's always okay for the two of us to talk as Communists, what mistakes can we make?" Luo Shiwen was forced by me to be anxious, so he said, "I am the secretary of the provincial party committee, I said to do the number, not you said the number, I am enforcing iron discipline." ”
Things became more and more rigid, and I was anxious, so I shouted: "If you don't make it clear to me today, I won't leave, and you won't be able to leave." ”
Luo Shiwen saw that I was in such a hurry, and said, "If you force me like this, I will make mistakes if I make mistakes." Now the Comintern has come to the conclusion that the main reason for the defeat of the Chinese revolution is that the big bourgeois elements have infiltrated our Party, that they must be punished, and that they will employ a large number of workers, peasants, and soldiers. Some time ago, there was a Wang Ming line in our party, which got rid of the good Communist Party members in many places, and people like you and me who came from families could not escape sooner or later. Your family is a big landlord, a Communist Party member from a feudal family, and you represent the big bourgeoisie. And then there are the petty bourgeoisie, as long as they are not from the workers, peasants, and soldiers, they must be purged. ”
I was even more angry when I heard it: "Marx is a big bourgeoisie, Engels is also a big bourgeoisie, Lenin's family is also a big bourgeoisie, and Marx's wife Yanni is still an aristocrat." I scolded Luo Shiwen, "You, the secretary of the Communist Party Party Committee, don't even have the minimum knowledge of the Communist Party!" "When I was done scolding, I threw him on the wall and brushed him away."
Back at the hotel, Zhou Dunwan saw that my face was not right, so she asked me what I was talking about with Luo Shiwen. I said that the talks were very bad, and now that the Party is going to enforce iron discipline on me, I am worried. She said, "You can't stand anything as a person. I also know what's going on inside of us, and you don't ask me first. ”
Zhou Dunwan knew more about the situation than I did, so she said to me: "The two of us have not been blacklisted, didn't you get yourself into the blacklist earlier?" So can we still run away? ”
I said to myself, "I have long found out that I was buried alive by my own people, and there are many comrades who were thrown into the river, and I don't know what happened, but now I understand it all." ”
Zhou Dunwan was also worried and asked me, "Then what should we do?" ”
She raised her vigilance when she asked me: "In a few days, I am afraid that we will also become ghosts." I will go to Shanghai this evening to find the central government. ”
Wen Qiang and Zhou Dunwan parted ways and arrived in Shanghai at the end of 1931.
Wen Qiang recalled:
It was hard to find the place where Zhou Enlai lived, and I heard the voice talking inside, and I heard it very clearly, but when I knocked on the door, the sound disappeared, and no one agreed. Zhou Dunwan and I went again and again, and the people inside the door must have heard our voices, but they ignored them. Once we went to knock on the door again, and then a note came out of the crack of the door, and I picked it up and looked at it, and the note had the word "Su" written on it. I guessed, let's go to the Soviet Union? Zhou Dunwan took the note and looked at it, and she said that there was another explanation, let's go to the Su District.
At that time, I felt that it was difficult to handle with the note, and we were disappointed.
Wen Qiang and Zhou Dunwan were turned away by the central government in Shanghai, and there was no way to live, and in the end, Wen Qiang had to take Zhou Dunwan back to his hometown in Hunan. Three years later, after Liao Zongze introduced himself to Zeng, Wen Qiang threw himself into the Kuomintang.
Wen Qiang's departure from Sichuan made Liao Zongze very sad and very cold, and he saw that after the establishment of the third line, it was the more leftist Wang Ming line, so tossing and turning, where can we talk about the success of the revolution? He finally lost all confidence in the revolution and voluntarily left the Party.
At that time, under the very serious situation of white terror, there were not a few people who betrayed the Communist Party, and a considerable number of them belonged to the type of Liao Zongze. They are not shaken by the strength of the enemy, not withdrawn by the hardships of the struggle, nor betrayed by greed for life and fear of death on the enemy's execution ground, but discouraged by the serious mistakes repeatedly made in their own ranks. The brutality of the revolutionary struggle includes the fact that the revolutionary contingent itself will make mistakes or even serious mistakes, and they lack the proper understanding and sufficient psychological endurance. The disillusionment of revolutionary beliefs led to a change in the course of life - they were not crushed by the enemy, but by the wrong line within the Communist Party, by their own organizations, by their own comrades!
Of course, this is not to excuse such people from mistakes and even crimes, but to re-examine the history that is soaked with too many blood and tears from another aspect with a realistic attitude.
At this time, the "One Hundred and Twenty-Eight" incident occurred in Shanghai, ethnic contradictions rose sharply, and Chiang Kai-shek issued a call to the Huangpu students to return to the team and serve the country. This just gave people like Liao Zongze, who had defected from the revolutionary ranks for various complicated reasons and were not willing to be lonely, a step to change their doors and throw themselves into the former hostile camp.
The original Whampoa Alumni Association of the Whampoa Military Academy became an institution for Chiang Kai-shek to reject dissidents and destroy the revolution after the defeat of the Great Revolution. In 1928, due to the attack of non-Whampoa soldiers in the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to order the abolition of the Whampoa Alumni Association, and the Establishment of the Graduates Investigation Section of the Central Military Academy, which specialized in the investigation and registration of Whampoa students.
According to Zeng Kuanqing, who had long presided over the work of the Huangpu Alumni Association, "Shortly after the end of the war against Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang, Chiang Kai-shek specially ordered me to set up a self-renewal student guest house in Nanjing and sent me as the director of the guest house... It was publicly announced that all Huangpu students, no matter who had participated in any anti-Chiang Kai-shek clique activities, would never pursue their past and would not be forced to make any explanations, and would be treated preferentially as long as they repented of their sins. In about half a year, a total of about 120 people returned. Ji: Communist Party classmates Yu Shandu, Chen Lie, Han Rui, Liao Zongze, Chen Yuanxiang, etc... Chiang Kai-shek summoned them in batches, and I accompanied them every time they were summoned. He was quite polite to his Communist Party classmates, and did not ask about the activities of the Communist Party, but only about their families and their own living conditions, hoping that they would work well and with peace of mind in the future and that they would have a bright future. ”
(Zeng Guoqing, who was deputy director of the Appeasement Office of the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region of the puppet National Government and director of the Sichuan Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang)
Liao Zongze, a young communist who fought bloodily against the Kuomintang reactionaries, thus cut off his own revolutionary history and began a great turning point in his life. At the same time as the Communists who threw themselves into the Kuomintang camp with him, there was Chen Yuanxiang, a Huangpu classmate who had worked with him in the military movement in Sichuan, and Chen Yuanxiang, a cadre of the Military Commission of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. Soon, Wen Qiang also joined the Kuomintang camp through Liao Zongze's introduction. (To be continued)