The novel "Red Rock", which has been honed for more than a decade, completed a magnificent transformation from a memoir to a more artistic literary work in 1961.
As soon as "Red Rock" came out, it aroused a strong response from the whole society, and the majority of readers almost unanimously applauded it, and they were even more moved by the heroic incident of the heroic group represented by Sister Jiang successfully created in the book.
At this time, Shen Zui, who had experienced some of the events in the book, also found his shadow in the book, and pointed out that "the content of Sister Jiang's interrogation in the book is not true." ”
The people in the book commented on the affairs of the book, drunk and omnipotent
Since Shen Zui is not taboo about his history as the head of the Kuomintang military command, let's learn about his role in the narrative of "Red Rock" under the name of Yan Zui. Born in 1914 in a well-to-do rural family in Xiangtan County, Hunan, Shen Zui was smart and studious since childhood, but full of rebellion;
He once led his classmates to his home to identify his father as a local tyrant and inferior gentry, and was later expelled from school for participating in the student movement. At the age of 18, Shen Zui had no choice but to defect to his sister Shen Jinhui, who was married far away in Shanghai, and with the help of his brother-in-law Yu Leyu, he entered the Chinese National Rejuvenation Society and worked under him on an errand boy, thus starting his career as a spy for decades.
In 1937, at the urging of the Communist Party and many domestic anti-Japanese forces, Chiang Kai-shek formed the National Anti-Japanese National United Front, which gathered all domestic anti-Japanese forces under the unified leadership of the Nationalist Government to achieve the goal of the all-people war of resistance.
As a result, the Chinese National Rejuvenation Society, where Shen Zui belonged, was reorganized into the Investigation and Statistics Bureau of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government (hereinafter referred to as the "Military Command"), and its work content was subsequently shifted from mainly arresting Communists to focusing on intelligence work such as reconnaissance and espionage against Japan, and did a lot of work for the military's operations, sabotage, and assassination against Japan.
After being transferred to Zhengzhou, Hunan and other places, Shen Zui was transferred to Chongqing in 1941 to serve as the detective captain of the police department, and the following year he was promoted to major general of the Military Command Bureau. It was during this period that he entered the narrative background of the novel "Red Rock".
Most of the events in "Red Rock" take place in the Sino-US Special Technical Cooperation Institute, which he co-founded, which took over the Kuomintang prison Baigongguan Prison after its establishment. Here, they introduced a large number of so-called advanced interrogation and torture techniques from the United States, and frantically persecuted those Communists who were arrested and imprisoned.
Although Shen Zui did not participate in the specific day-to-day management of the Sino-US Cooperation Institute, he still appeared from time to time in prison work, especially the interrogation of important Communist Party figures.
Therefore, he has a deep understanding of some of the basic work processes and behavioral habits of the Dregs Cave and the White Mansion, which also provides confidence for him to later evaluate the authenticity of some details of "Red Rock".
During his drunken stay in Chongqing, he personally presided over the construction of the White Mansion Prison, but later, the Americans who cooperated with the CIA took a fancy to it and used the White Mansion as a training base for the cooperative prison. Shen Zui had no choice but to follow the orders of his boss Dai Li, and find another plot to build a new prison.
Therefore, in the case of unsuccessful forced purchase of a small coal mine, he did not hesitate to force out the murder case, and after the small mine owner fought for his life and hanged himself from the mine, he took a generous compensation and gave it to his family together with the body of the mine owner, so that he could be regarded as obtaining the land for the construction of the Dzha Cave Prison.
It was this place that once illuminated and warmed the world with the light and heat of coal, and finally became a demon cave on earth, with the horrific screams of persecuted communists from time to time.
Shen Zui not only personally presided over the construction of two criminal prisons in Chongqing, but as the head of the military command, he also participated in the interrogation and persecution of the imprisoned Communists, and even carried out killing operations against the Communists here according to Dai Li's orders.
However, after 1947, when the narrative plot of "Red Rock" reached its climax, as Shen Zui was transferred to Yunnan, he gradually faded out of the narrative of "Red Rock", away from the Kuomintang's final crazy suppression of the Communists on the eve of the liberation of Chongqing.
Shen Zui's major life turning point was also after he transferred to Yunnan. Shen Zui was transferred to Yunnan with the mission of serving as the head of the Yunnan Station of the Military Command, and at the same time responsible for monitoring Lu Han, the chairman of Yunnan Province who was sympathetic to the Communist Party.
During this period, the Kuomintang was defeated and retreated on one battlefield after another, and Shen Zui received an order from Chiang Kai-shek to transfer his family to Taiwan like hostages.
Perhaps it was this incident that deeply touched Shen Zui, so that he later began to think about his future during his stay in Yunnan, which prompted him to cooperate with Lu Han at the critical moment of the uprising and defection to the Communist Party, so that all the members of his subordinates obeyed Lu Han's command, and he also signed Lu Han's uprising telegram, which won the opportunity for him to finally win the identity of the general of the uprising.
Although Shen Zui was still a war criminal in the early days of liberation and underwent labor reform in Beijing's Gongdelin Prison, he was soon released from prison on a pardon list, a unique case among the entire series of war criminals in the military command. Later, he was fortunate to join the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as a cultural and historical research commissioner.
Compared with those Kuomintang reactionaries who stubbornly resisted to the end, he did not know how many times luckier. Although, Shen Zui later abandoned the darkness and turned to the light, but he woke up relatively late, if he could realize his mistake earlier, maybe the tragedy in "Red Rock" could have been avoided to some extent.
The sons and daughters of the party go to faith, and Sister Jiang is infinitely loyal
As the core character of "Red Rock", Sister Jiang is based on the real-life Jiang Zhuyun for literary shaping. Jiang Zhuyun, a native of Zigong, Sichuan, was born in 1920 and joined the Chinese Communist Party at the age of 19.
In 1943, out of the need for underground work, she accepted the organization and arranged to pretend to be a husband and wife with Peng Yongwu, the first member of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, who was married but separated from her husband and wife, and was only 23 years old and had not talked about marriage.
In the difficulties and dangers of underground work with Peng Yongwu, in order not to let the enemy see the flaws, Sister Jiang is conscientious in Peng Yongwu's daily life, earnestly assumes the duties of a wife, and carefully takes care of the daily life of her "husband".
Because of Sister Jiang's meticulous care, Peng Yongwu strongly felt Sister Jiang's gentleness and thoughtfulness, which inspired her to devote herself to revolutionary work with more passion;
Sister Jiang saw that Peng Yongwu was so selflessly born and died for the party's cause, so she respected and loved Peng Yongwu more and more, and redoubled her enthusiasm and took the initiative to enter each other's lives, so that the two fell in love for a long time, and after being approved by the organization, they really became husband and wife and had a son.
It was 1947, and the party organization wanted to go deep into eastern Sichuan to make a revolution, and Peng Yongwu was sent there to instigate an armed uprising. Unfortunately, Peng Yongwu died heroically in that uprising. At this time, Sister Jiang followed one after another, refused the organization's care for her, and after entrusting her son to relatives and friends, she rushed to the place where her husband fell, to complete his unfinished party business.
However, because the form of struggle was too cruel, some revolutionaries who were not firm in their will could not withstand the test of the bloody struggle, and some were wavering in their will and did not hesitate to betray their comrades to seek personal immediate interests. Sister Jiang was betrayed by traitors in this way, and was arrested on June 14, 1948 in Wanxian County, Sichuandong, and then escorted to the Dregs Cave for detention and interrogation.
In the Dregs Cave Prison, Sister Jiang was tortured physically and mentally. In order to obtain more information about the organization of the Communist Party from her, the enemy did not hesitate to nail a bamboo stick into her fingers. However, Sister Jiang's pain is more sensitive than that of others, and she often falls into a coma as soon as the bamboo stick is nailed into the person, so that the enemy is even more unable to interrogate.
The frenzied Kuomintang spies quickly changed their tactics, but slowly pierced Sister Jiang's fingers with bamboo sticks, stopped when she was about to faint, and questioned her. However, no matter how severely the enemy tortured her, Sister Jiang never confided in the enemy a single word about the party organization.
This led to even more frenzied persecution by the enemy, who was often dragged back to prison in a coma that could not be interrogated. Sister Jiang's steadfastness and unyielding loyalty have also won the respect and admiration of the majority of fellow inmates.
Every time she waits for Sister Jiang to wake up from her coma, her bedside is full of all kinds of condolences sent by her fellow inmates, from a little food, a few wild flowers, to a few warm words, and a poem of praise. This in turn inspired Sister Jiang to continue the party's work among her fellow inmates.
In the women's cell of the Dzha Cave Prison, everyone rallied closely around Sister Jiang, set up a temporary branch in the prison, and carried out more secret work to fight against the enemy, and they formulated the "Eight Opinions on Work in Prison" for everyone to follow, and also pioneered the viewpoint of not being superstitious to stimulate the subjective initiative of individuals in the party's cause.
Just when Sister Jiang and the majority of inmates were looking forward to the arrival of the People's Liberation Army, bad luck suddenly fell from the sky.
On the evening of November 14, 1949, in the name of transferring the cell, the Kuomintang prison authorities took Sister Jiang and others out of the cell and came to the cool breeze in the wilderness - Radio Lanya, Sister Jiang and several of her comrades-in-arms inevitably fell in a pool of blood, for the cause of the party, for the new China, they sacrificed their precious lives, but forever live in the novel "Red Rock", but also live in the hearts of the people.
The prison man writes about the prison affairs with passion
As for the authors of "Red Rock", because they write almost from their own personal experiences, it is not difficult for people to feel the passion and indignation in their writings. The material of the book "Red Rock" is taken from the memoirs or speeches written by the authors Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyan after they were lucky to escape from the tiger's mouth and survive, out of nostalgia for those comrades who died in prison.
In the early days of Chongqing's liberation, Luo Guangbin, who had escaped death, worked in the Chongqing Communist Youth League and the Changshou Lake Fishing Ground, and out of remembrance of his friends who had died in prison, he could not bear to be forgotten by the world; in his spare time, he wrote a large number of reminiscence articles and gave speeches at many units and schools.
Among the more well-known are the poetry collection "Prison Song" by the martyrs of the concentration camp, "Holy Blood Flower" co-authored with Yang Yiyan, who also came out of the scum cave, and the memoir "Eternal Life in the Fire", the latter of which was also made into a movie and put on the screen. As for the final formation of a literary work such as a novel, it is still a bit of a fortuitous factor.
The reason was that China Youth Publishing House received a letter from a reader from Sichuan. After listening to many of Luo Guangbin's speeches, the reader was deeply moved by the heroic deeds he told.
As a result, the spontaneous submission of the book was recommended by the publishing house. At this time, the publishing house was also looking for material for a similar topic, so it quickly contacted Luo Guangbin and first invited him to write "The Biography of Jiang Zhuyun"; however, the events and scenes involved in the letters from readers were more grand and broad, and obviously not included in a personal biography.
Instead, he asked Luo Guangbin to write a revolutionary memoir. As a result, "Eternal Life in the Fire" came into being and was officially published in February 1959.
In order to enable them to get in touch with more historical materials, the Organization Department specially contacted the public security department and let them consult a large number of archival materials about the Dregs Cave and the Bai Mansion, as well as the records of the interrogation of the arrested agents, so that their understanding of the Sino-US Cooperation Institute broke through the limitations of their original personal cognition and became more comprehensive and complete.
Especially after submitting the first draft, the professional writer Mr. Sha Ting pointed out very pertinently, "You are still writing about Hongyan with shackles, and the whole tone shows a bitter depression." Now we need to examine such a grand event as a victor and write about the inevitability of the victory of the just cause from the perspective of narrating history. ”
The two authors went north again to visit the newly built Museum of Revolutionary History and Military Affairs, which exhibited a large number of precious historical materials of the Liberation War, and then reconstructed Hongyan Writing in the context of the entire Liberation War, and made drastic revisions to the manuscript, and finally came up with this masterpiece that has withstood the test of history.
Conclusion
It is said that time is the touchstone of truth, and today, more than 60 years later, "Red Rock" is still a classic in the red literature of the mainland, and it is one of the indispensable books for revolutionary tradition and patriotic education.
Of course, fundamentally speaking, the success of the novel "Red Rock", like the establishment of the Republic, was the blood of countless revolutionary martyrs. Because what it records and praises is the fearless spirit and unswerving faith in communism of the older generation of communists who bravely sacrificed their lives for the revolutionary cause.
Bibliography:
"Loyalty and Betrayal - Tell You a Real Red Rock"_Communist Party Member Network
The true story in the Hongyan archives: telling Jiang Zhuyun's red love affair - Chinanews.com
Aoxue Hongmei - Sister Jiang's real life [4] --Party History Channel - People's Daily Online
China Literature and Art Network_The novel "Red Rock" is written like this