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During the harvest season, in the rice fields of Kaikan Village, Xiaozhan Town, Jinnan District, the rice waves are layered on top of each other, and people sing the trumpets of the straw, awakening the heavy rice ears.
Scratching the straw trumpet, originating from the Xiaozhan area of Jinnan District, is a form of folk song that rice farmers have been scratching and weeding in the field for generations, improvising and passing on orally to this day in order to understand the boring drums, and the lyrics sporadically record the history of Xiaozhan rice.
A small station in history rice
According to historical records, as early as the Song and Liao dynasties, the salty water on the south bank of the Haihe River began to grow rice in combination with military defense and border tuntian. Nowadays, it is generally regarded as the predecessor of the small station rice. In 1871, the Huai Army general Zhou Shengchuan was ordered to lead troops from Qingxian Machang in Hebei Province to Tianjin garrison Dagukou Fort, in order to facilitate the march of troops, in the last year of the Qing Tongzhi, built a direct road between the two places, and set up a post station along the way, today's Xiaozhan Town is where one of the post stations is located, in 1875, Zhou Shengchuan began to cultivate fields on a large scale in the relatively open and flat small station area, to provide rations for the army, in order to facilitate irrigation, they spent six years to dig out the horse factory to reduce the river, the north to divert the water of the Hai River, the South Canal of Nantong, Bridges were set up, water conservancy was built, with the small station as the center, more than 60,000 acres of mature rice fields were reclaimed, the Yellow River water was wrapped in fertile sediment rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other nutrients, pouring into the Machang River from the South Canal, nourishing the rice field at the same time, the sediment covered the land, just like a layer of natural fertilizer, greatly improved the soil of this saline-alkali land, with sweet brush salt, alkali into phosphine, constituted a unique high-quality rice growth conditions, "the quality of rice irrigated with the Yuhe River is quite good, a family of braised dry rice, Eight neighbors can smell the fragrance! Villagers recalled.
Horse factory to reduce the river
"A penny of peach blossom flood in the Royal River, a jade grain fragrance in Shili Village", for a hundred years, sweet and soft sticky small station rice, as a unique taste of the hometown, lingered on the tip of the tongue and heart of the ancestors of the small station people. After the founding of New China, the government vigorously developed the production of small station rice, rice varieties are constantly updated, cultivation technology is gradually improved, rice production is greatly improved, in the mid-1960s, the planting area of small station rice in the southern suburbs of Tianjin was basically stable at 230,000 mu, while supplying surrounding residents, high-quality rice seeds were also transmitted to other rice-growing provinces, promoting China's agricultural development.
However, the glory of small station rice did not last forever, in the 1970s, the drought in North China, the upstream rivers throttling water storage, the horse factory river reduction also lost irrigation capacity, the rice fields along the coast became dry land, rice farmers had to give up rice, instead of planting corn, sorghum, low yield, poor efficiency, in the eighties, the village around the construction of factories and enterprises, the villagers are no longer willing to be like in the past, guarding a piece of farmland that depends on the sky to eat, have chosen to work nearby or out of the country. With the increase of factories on both sides of the strait, the Machang River, which once fed 10,000 mu of fertile land, gradually shrank into a dry sewage river, and by the end of the 1990s, the planting area of Xiaozhan rice in Jinnan District was only more than 1,000 mu, and the real Xiaozhan rice was difficult to see in the market.
The seed industry helps the revitalization of small station rice
Every January, the north of China is in the midst of ice and snow, but Sanya, Hainan is a lush greenery, and the rice breeding work in the southern breeding scientific research and breeding base is carried out in an intense and orderly manner. Nanfang refers to a method of breeding materials for summer crops such as rice and cotton from all over the country to the south for propagation and breeding after winter, so as to realize the multigeneration of crops and improve breeding efficiency.
In the 1950s and 1960s, China's war-torn agricultural foundation was weak, coupled with the fact that most of the rice varieties planted in the northern region at that time were room temperature japonica rice, with low yields and uneven quality, and the people relied on the sky to eat, hunger, which became an inescapable reality.
Hua Zetian, director of the National Japonica Rice Center, as one of the first batch of college students after the reform and opening up, his first choice for the examination was to major in agronomy, dreaming that one day, the grain we Chinese could be bred by Chinese and self-sufficient. Hua Zetian's mentor Yang Zhenyu, the founder of hybrid japonica rice in northern China, and Yuan Longping and called Southern Yuan Bei Yang, in the 1960s, in order to cultivate high-quality and high-yield hybrid japonica rice suitable for large-scale planting in the northern region, Yang Zhenyu and a group of breeding experts went to Hainan to carry out breeding work and became the earliest southern breeders.
Hua Zetian
Cultivating a rice variety, from sowing, hybridization, screening, all the way to disease resistance and drought resistance and other established breeding goals, after the rice generations of growth and breeding, gradually appear and stabilize, often take eight to ten years, the older generation of breeding experts rooted in the soil, perennial in the rice field wind and sun, after tens of thousands of experiments, finally successfully cultivated a high-cohesive stem recovery line, the first breakthrough in the international long-term unsolved hybrid japonica rice technology.
In the 1980s, for the country and the people to cultivate high-quality and high-yield hybrid japonica rice baton, handed over to the hands of Hua Zetian, all year round, rice does not stop, Hua Zetian and the same breeding expert's wife, such as migratory birds moving south, every year on time from the northeast hometown, south breeding, ten years, Hua Zetian led the team, the use of molecular biology, genetics and other principles, constantly try to accumulate over the years of high-quality genes, patented technology to the cultivation of small station rice varieties, In the end, high-quality and productive small station rice varieties such as Tianlongyou 619 were bred.
Tianlongyou 619, as one of the existing four small station rice varieties in Tianjin, is the only hybrid japonica rice that can be planted in Tianjin as a large area of wheat stubble rice, the so-called wheat stubble rice, that is, after the wheat harvest every year, near the rainy season to start planting short-ripening rice, rice seedlings use rainwater to grow rapidly, the growth period is shortened by nearly two months compared with traditional rice, so that farmers can achieve seamless planting of wheat and rice, within one year, a piece of land harvested twice, this year, It was the first year of trial planting of wheat stubble rice in Nanzhaozhuang Village, Zhangjiawo Town, Xiqing District, when the village finished harvesting wheat and began rice planting, it was almost July, and the village secretary Liu Jianwen had a lifelong deal with the land, and had never seen such a late rice variety, he said: "After the rice seedlings were planted, I have no roots in my heart, and I thought that this trial planting this year must have failed."
Facts are the most powerful persuasive force. The breeding experts of the Japonica Rice Center, from the first day of the planting of wheat stubble rice in Nanzhaozhuang Village, have fought with the rice farmers, often soaking in the rice field to guide everyone how to fertilize and protect the seedlings, and the next month, the villagers watched the rice seedlings turn green, high, and knotted, and when harvesting, the yield was at least a thousand catties per mu, from disbelief to laughter, everyone was excited and satisfied as if they had watched a grand juggling performance.
The seed industry is the lifeline of modern agricultural development and the cornerstone of ensuring national food security. Nowadays, more and more young people have joined HuaZetian's scientific research team, injecting fresh blood into the cause of rice breeding.
In recent years, Tianjin has adhered to the road of rejuvenating agriculture through science and technology, invested nearly 20 million yuan, built the largest intelligent rice breeding greenhouse base in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei, and also built a large-scale rice processing center with an annual processing of tens of thousands of tons, creating a complete industrial chain of small station rice breeding, planting and processing. Looking at everything in front of him, Hua Zetian said affectionately: "The general secretary asked us to write the paper on the ground, and those of us who are engaged in rice must step on the soil with our feet, not only to let people eat well, but also to eat healthy and nutritious."
The golden key to rural revitalization
Jinnan District Xiaozhan Town Hall Village, in the core planting area of Xiaozhan rice, village secretary Zheng Jialin has been playing in the rice fields since childhood, has a deep affection for the rice in his hometown, when he first became the secretary of the village, he was just in time for the Jinnan District Tsushima Factory to carry out large-scale comprehensive treatment, watching the river water clear day by day, Zheng Jialin's heart, once again drifted to the familiar rice field in his memory, he made up his mind to resume the cultivation of Xiaozhan rice.
Kaikan Village develops rural tourism
As the first village in the small station area to officially propose to restore the small station rice planting, the village has received strong support from the district, the district agricultural department has come up with 1.6 million special funds to help the village comprehensively treat the land that has been abandoned for many years, Zheng Jialin They used this money to repair the pump station, dig ditches and repair canals, level out 300 acres of rice fields in one go, the first year of trial planting, the yield per mu reached 1,000 catties, and the supply in the market was in short supply. In 2018, Tianjin opened the Xiaozhan Rice Revitalization Plan, determined to comprehensively revitalize this long-established rice variety in our hometown from seed to table, and then, a series of preferential policies have been introduced, in two years, the planting area of Xiaozhan rice in Huiguan Village has increased from three hundred mu to six hundred mu, and for decades, villagers have dreamed of returning to the rice field of their childhood countless times.
Rural revitalization industry first, Huiguan Village has been planning in the past two years, the integration of all the resources related to small station rice in the village, to create a set of green development of the industrial system, they first registered a trademark for their own production of small station rice, at the same time in the district and town government support, investment of tens of millions of yuan, to create high-standard farmland, the construction of lotus ponds, landscape boardwalks, to engage in rice farming culture as the characteristics of ecological tourism, catch up with the weather, the number of tourists in a day can reach six or seven thousand people, Zheng Jialin said: In the future, our village should be based on small station rice, drive the first, second and third industries, and let the villagers stride forward on the road of rural revitalization! ”。
In 2020, Tianjin Xiaozhan rice was officially included in the ranks of geographical indication protection of agricultural products in China, and at present, tianjin's ten agriculture-related areas are planting xiaozhan rice, with a total planting area of nearly one million mu. After hundreds of years, from prosperity to loneliness to revitalization, Xiaozhan Rice is like an epic poem growing on the land of Jingu, which is constantly recited by people.