Chen Fangke (1891-1966) Character Yan Tong, Zhai No. Tun Yun Ge, Hao Cui Lou, Luan Pi Cao Tang. A native of Yining (present-day Xiushui County), Jiangxi, he was born in the office of his grandfather Chen Baozhen (陈宝箴) wuchang hubei province.com. The fourth son of Chen Sanli, the leader of modern poetry, ranked seventh in the family, and was also called "Chen Family Old Seven" and "Yan Lao Seven". Influenced by family studies, he learned poetry and articles from an early age and inherited the original old people's cultural context. Under the tutelage of Chen Rui, Zhou Dalie, Wang Boxun and other famous scholars, and also by Liang Dingfen, Shen Zengzhi, Fan Zengxiang, Zhu Guwei, Zheng Wenzhuo, Chen Yan, Zheng Xiaoxu and other famous poets, the name of the poem was above his brothers Chen Hengke, Chen Longke, Chen Yinke, so the old man of Sanyuan tasted the people and said: "Do poetry, seven children are still ok." Wang Peijiang's "Guangxuan Poetry Altar Point Record" and Qian Zhonglian's "Nearly One Hundred Years of Word Altar Point Record" both list his name. In the autumn of 1910, he graduated from Shanghai Aurora College, and because his three elder brothers were all seeking jobs or studying abroad, he stayed in Jiangning, Jiangsu Province, to serve his parents.
In 1899, Chen Fangke (first from the left) took a group photo with his brother and grandfather Chen Baozhen
In the autumn of 1920, on the recommendation of then-president Xu Shichang and other fathers, he went south to Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, to "pan for gold".
It is said that Chen Guangyuan, then the governor of Jiangxi, once asked him: "Old nephew, do you want to make a splash, or are you short of money?" Chen Fangke replied bluntly: "I spend too much, and I ask the old man to reward the bowl of rice to eat." In the following years, he was favored by many overseers in Gan Province, and successively served as the director of the Jiangxi Library, the director of the Jingdezhen Taxation Bureau, the director of the Tian Mu Measurement Bureau, the director of the Gold Bureau, and the local customs tax bureau. During this period, Chen Fangke returned to Shanghai with gold many times, and Wang Xie Gongzi revisited the old place. Day and night in and out of the shuyu flower alley, chasing warblers and butterflies. And befriended Kong Ziyun, a flower country man with a slender figure, a good face, a little poetry and ten years younger than him, the two fell in love at first sight, had close contacts, and set a good period privately.
In 1915, Chen Fangke took a photo in Shanghai
Later, Chen Fangke seemed to reflect on his absurd behavior when he was young, and felt quite remorseful: "Since the beginning of yupin years, Piaoping has not been in the north and south, green eyes have not met, and yellow dust is he extreme!" Among the pro-superior advocates, many of the sons of agitation and lingering have gradually become friends with each other, feeling the covenant of the robe, and so far, there are many negative people. ”
It is published in the "High Balcony. Chu Qingzhang belongs to the title of "Neon Dress Yanying" Cloud: Sandalwood Golden Bottle, Green Poplar Pond Pavilion, meet in another place. Grievances are repeated, and there is no negotiation in the world. The seat was full of new pavilion guests, endured with the same hand, and the red beans were desolate. More so, side hat hairpin flowers, white head celebration. The young man did not arrive at Qianjinnuo, and listened to the loss of the warbler, the old Wang Chang. The finger is bustling, and the delicate name Luo Qi is unforgettable. The amorous will grow old in the day, sighing spring breeze, hair shadow unparalleled. Yu Pinning, Liu Lang Sleep Mo, and returned to the silver hammer.
In March 1938, Liang Hongzhi and others established the "Restoration Government of the Republic of China" in Nanjing with the support of the Japanese. Liang character Zhongyi, later more different characters, Fujian Changle people. His great-grandfather Liang Zhangju was an inspector in Guangxi and Jiangsu, and was a famous writer and collector during the Jiaqing period. His father, Liang Tongnian, was the eldest son-in-law of Lin Shoutu, a great collector in Fuzhou. Liang Fu's calligraphy and painting collection, and worked in poetry, was rhymed by the Song dynasty, and there are "Poems of The Pavilion of The House" passed down. Chen Fangke and Liang are poetry confidants, and Liang often receives the Chen family, so they have a deep friendship. In November of the same year, Chen Fangke was dragged to Nanjing by Liang Hongzhi, Chen Qun and other former friends due to family expenses, and was later hired as an editor of the Ministry of Education.
Literati, traitor Liang Hongzhi
At the end of the year, Chen Fangke took his family and servants to Nanjing and rented them on Changle Road in the south of the city. In the small living room, there are Tan Yanmin's inscription "Tun yun Ge" and Wu Hufan's inscription "Haocui Lou" Erzhai Forehead. There are also paintings and calligraphy donated by Tang Dingzhi, Yao Mang's father, Chen Banding, Wu Hufan and others, and there is also a photo of Chen Hengke and Qi Baishi taking a group photo in Beijing in the early years of the Republic of China. Among The friends of Shi Chen Fangke, many people were pulled into the restoration government by Liang Hongzhi. Those who are more familiar with today are: Mao Xiaolu, Cai Zhefu, Tan Yueshi, Long Yusheng, Zhang Cixi, Chen Julai, Qian Zhonglian, Liu Shudu and others, or forced by a temporary life, or confused by the small profits of the fly head, which makes people feel that the red flowers are falling into the mud and blackening. Although the tiger howls outside the door, the sirens are endless. The indoor poets reunite, the emotion is unbearable, but each person has a different taste in their hearts. Later, Chen Fangke was successively hired as a special member of the "Special Committee for Examination and Selection" of the Examination Institute of the Wang Puppet Government, the director of the Nanjing Library of Chinese Studies, and the director of the China Literary and Art Association, all because the couple was addicted to opium and smoking, coupled with more socializing, they could not make ends meet. During this period, a disciple was forced by life to entrust him to seek an official errand to make a living, and he sighed and advised: "I am here just to mix bowls of rice and eat, to solve the life of more than ten people in the family." How else could I do it? "Order the disciples to go home and do some serious business, and never get involved in this." During the Spring Festival of a certain year, he and his friends climbed the Zhonghua Gate to overlook, leaned on the long dry bridge railing to overlook the water of the Qinhuai River, and hung the tomb of Fang Xiaoru on the side of the rain flower platform. Independent slanting sun, the heart is full of emotion.
Tomb of Fang Xiaoru in Nanjing
In August 1941, the famous Buddhist scripture publishing institution, the Jinling Scripture Engraving Office, was deeply disturbed by Japanese and puppet personnel, the "Deep Willow Hall" was also destroyed during the Japanese siege, and the pagoda courtyard where Yang Renshan was buried was also damaged, and no one was willing to come forward for a while. The descendants of the Yang family wanted to use Chen Fangke's influence in the Wang puppet government to invite him to serve as a manager and board representative. At the end of the following year, Chen Fangke began to communicate with the anti-Japanese underground organization personnel, and people often came to Jinling at night to carve the scriptures. Zhu Yaxiong, the head of the Nanjing Hongbang Justice Hall, Mrs. Mo, the predecessor of the Hongbang, Shangwu, the lord of Jinling Mountain, Gu Zhen, the frustrated major general, and the gang leaders in Wuhu and Dangtu in Anhui province came and went.
The Jinling Scripture Inscription, an intangible cultural heritage site in the world
In the spring of 1943, Chen Fangke's early acquaintance in Shanghai was Xu Liang (formerly known as Xu Weibin), a brother of the Hong Gang (Five Holy Mountains) who was then a senior cadre (senior) of the Chongqing Military Command Bureau. Dai Kasa," an early member of the 'Secret Investigation Group' and deputy director of the Major General of the Xifeng Training Class, secretly sent a special agent, Ma Jie, to infiltrate Nanjing, and got in touch with Chen Fangke, inviting him to join the underground anti-Japanese organization, and Chen Wenzhi had a positive attitude. Later, with the consent of the Chongqing side, he officially became a military commander and determined his pseudonym and position. The main task assigned to him was to cover the hidden group of the military command in Nanjing, collect intelligence on the Wang puppet government, and contact and plot rebellion against Chen Gongbo, Miao Bin, and other high-ranking Officials of the Wang puppet government as much as possible.
The first traitor to be executed after the war, Miao Bin
Soon, the lurking group hid the radio station in the Jinling Scripture Engraving Office, and the telegraph operator lived in the Scripture Engraving Office for a long time as a distant relative, because the funds for the agents behind the enemy lines were intermittent at that time, so Chen Fangke often borrowed money to raise funds to solve the urgent need for daily expenses. At the same time, he also had secret contacts with Xu Chuguang, a CHINESE intelligence officer, and others, and became a peripheral member of the CCP's intelligence system.
Martyr Xu Chuguang
The fact that the sons and celebrities of the prestigious families became spies of the two families of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China was something that the brothers, relatives and friends of the refuge had never even dreamed of. Because the lurking radio often worked late at night, the radio signal was measured by intelligence personnel of the Japanese Military Police Command. Later, it was discovered that there were high-ranking officials involved in the Wang puppet government, so they did not take action easily, secretly monitored, in order to quietly brake, trying to catch everything. In July of the same year, Wang Jingwei issued the "Order of the National Government No. 13 of the First Wu": Chen Fangke was appointed secretary of the National Government in Nanjing.
Chen Fangke's book fan
On a certain day in March 1945, Jin Zhitao, a special agent of the military command, ambushed a Japanese officer on a train from Shanghai to Nanjing, obtained an important piece of information from his purse, and immediately ordered the lurking group to send a telegram to Chongqing. Jin asked Chen Fangke to destroy the intelligence information immediately after the report was issued, but one of the charts was of high value, and Chen Fangke did not bear to destroy it, and hid it in the envelope of a line-bound poetry collection after returning. At this time, the Japanese military police had sent plainclothes to monitor the Jinling Scripture Carving Office from many aspects, ready to break in and arrest people at any time. The agents and radio stations of the military command who were staying at the scripture office could no longer be transferred, so they had to burn the codebook and hide the radio station in the carving worker's room. But a sense of foreboding in the midst of doom has pervaded the hearts of all.
On the afternoon of August 5, 1945, a group of Japanese gendarmes rushed into the Jinling Scripture Carving Office, went straight to the backyard, and captured two military agents, the radio was also searched, and three other workers were arrested. Chen Fangke happened to meet a friend talking outside the door, saw that things were not good, and after taking advantage of the chaos to get out of the gate, he immediately called Miao Bin and Jin Zhitao, who was hidden in a hospital, and then hid in the home of a close friend, and Miao Bin fled to Shanghai when he heard the news. Japanese gendarmes began to search his rooms, even priing up all the floors. Kong Ziyi took advantage of the lack of preparation of the gendarmes to throw the collection of poems containing the Japanese army charts into the hearth of the fire, otherwise the consequences would be unimaginable.
[Group photo of the Chen family after the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, left chen Fangke, Chen Dengke, Kong Ziyi, Chen Longke, Chen Yinke, Chen Kangqian in the back row; Tang Yun from the left in the front row, etc.]
Chen Fangke originally wanted to flee to southern Anhui or Chongqing, but he was afraid that the Japanese army would be able to check and could not go out of the city, and second, he was afraid of affecting his family and friends, so he did not dare to act hastily. The People of Sui entrusted the people to ask for help from Chen Gongbo, Chen Qun, and Mei Siping, high-ranking officials of the Wang puppet government. The next morning, when he returned home to listen to the wind, he was captured by the Japanese gendarmes who were waiting, and then taken to the gendarmerie and locked up in the basement. During interrogation, he did not know anything about the military radio station in the carved scriptures, and only borrowed houses for people he did not know to live in. He also asked whether this matter was related to Miao Bin and other high-ranking officials of Wang Pseudo, and he also insisted on not revealing the truth, and was tortured to extract a confession. After the communication between the high-ranking officials of Wang Pseudo and the Japanese generals, three days later, the three workers of the Scripture Engraving Office were released, but Chen Fangke continued to be detained because of the seriousness of the case and his refusal to "cooperate".
On August 9, Chen Fangke was escorted to Shanghai by the gendarmes, and with the assistance of the Japanese troops stationed in Shanghai, he surrounded Miao Bin's apartment on Shaoxing Road. One wanted to capture Miao Bin and Confront Chen, and the other wanted to capture other military agents. On this day, the news of the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan had already been broadcast on the radio, and the Japanese army was depressed and had no intention of pursuing it further, so they escorted Chen Fangke back to Nanjing. He was tortured and nearly killed.
On August 14, the news of the Japanese Emperor's announcement of surrender was broadcast on the radio, and the Japanese army was no longer in a position to take care of itself, and no one bothered to ask about Chen Fangke's case. The next day, after intermediary mediation by Wang and puppet officials, the Japanese army allowed the guarantee of parole, but it was necessary to follow the summons. In just ten days, Chen Fangke was already full of white hair, skinny and bony, and weighed only more than forty pounds, which was unbearable to see.
In late September, key personnel of the Military Command Bureau flew to Nanjing, Shanghai, and other places to inspect and accept enemy and fake assets and arrange for the suppression of adultery. At the same time, he summoned some underground agents of the military command who had made meritorious contributions during the anti-Japanese war to give condolences and commendations, and Chen Fangke was also among them.
At the end of 1946, the Military Command Bureau was reorganized into the Secrecy Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense, with a downsizing establishment and a large number of layoffs, thus dissolving relations with Chen Fangke. However, he had borrowed money to finance the expenses of the hidden personnel of the military command in that year, but did not give the economic compensation he deserved. It is rumored that Xu Liang, a Hongmen brother who later held an important position in the military intelligence system, only used a few pieces of smoke and soil to give symbolic compensation in his private name.
Chen Fangke
After liberation, Chen Fangke still lived in Nanjing. Later, under the care of Mao Zedong and Chen Yi, he moved to a small Western-style building at No. 26 Muling Road, and Chen himself was also arranged to serve as an editor in the magazine "Jianghai Academic Journal".
In 1951, Mrs. Kong Ziyi died. Chen Fangke died in Nanjing on January 3, 1966, at the age of 75.