Who's Who of Tongcheng - Mr. Nanshan Dai Mingshi

Mr. Nanshan, the fourth ancestor of the Tongcheng Sect, Dai Mingshi, called himself a self-proclaimed in his later years. Dai Mingshi (1653 ~ 1713), Zi Tian You, Yi Zi Brown Fu, No. Yao Body, Nicknamed Sorrowful An, Late No. Tsuki, known as Mr. Nanshan in his later years. After he was killed in the "Nanshan Collection" case, he was also called "Mr. Song Qianxu" by his name. Also known as Mr. Sorrowful. A native of Tongcheng, Jiangnan (present-day Tongcheng, Anhui). In the forty-eighth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1709), he was the second person to enter the list of Zhao Xiong. It is also commonly known as the eye of the list.

Although the ancestors were after the famous door, after the mountains and rivers were broken, the Dai family continued to decline, and by the time Dai Mingshi's generation was already a family disciple. However, Dai Mingshi was brilliant since childhood, and he could speak at the age of 1, and by the age of 5 he was able to recite poetry correctly, he began to read at the age of 6, and he could memorize the Four Books and Five Classics at the age of 11. At the age of 15, the eight strands of his essay were copied as models. Therefore, he was recognized by the township elders as Dai's "showman".

Due to his family's poverty, Dai Mingshi could not afford to buy a large number of literature and history books, so he could only borrow them from place by visiting relatives and friends. At that time, there was a Mr. Pan Muya in Nanxiang, who was a Ming Dynasty widow who was full of poetry and books. After the Qing Dynasty destroyed the Ming Dynasty, he did not want to become an official, and his family had more than 10,000 books. However, his books are never borrowed, and even if they are read in his home, they must be approved by him. At that time, Pan Muya also heard a little about Dai Mingshi's fame. For Dai Mingshi's request to borrow it from the mansion, Pan Muya was ready to personally try his talents. Therefore, he smiled and said to Dai Mingshi: "Borrowing rice can fill hunger, borrowing money can cure the poor, what is the use of books that Mr. Wants to borrow?" After a little thought, Dai Mingshi respectfully replied: "Learn the scriptures to clarify the Tao, learn history to know righteousness, and the boy only wants to learn." Pan Muya was very satisfied with the right and agreed to Dai Mingshi's request to borrow. Dai Mingshi has a good memory, has the ability to see ten lines, and has read dozens of Qin and Han histories in one night. Pan Muya was a little suspicious of this, so he picked out dozens of classics in the book to deliberately test him. Dai Mingshi answered like a stream, without error. Pan Muya was convinced.

At the age of 20, Dai Mingshi taught his disciples to raise relatives with his talents. Later, he felt that the script of zhiyi was not enough to be passed down to the world, so he carefully studied ancient literature and historiography, and he was determined to learn from the Tang and Song dynasties in literature, inheritIng Han (Yue), Liu (Zongyuan), Ou (Yang Xiu), and Su (Shi), and inheriting Sima Qian in historiography. By the age of 34, he was recommended by the inspector Li Zhenyu to enter the Guozi Prison. As an upright scribe, Dai Mingshi did not want to be a flatterer, so he often gathered with Fang Bao, Xu Yisun, Wang Yuan and others to drink and pin down current affairs; at the same time, he conducted discussions and discussions on the creation of ancient texts, which effectively promoted the ancient cultural revolution, and their practice of ancient literary creation also fed the saliva of the Tongcheng school.

Dai Mingshi was conceited by historical talent, and made a statement that "wanted to go up and down the ancient and modern, run through the gallop, and become a family." ...... Then the ancients may not be able to let go" ("The Original Order of the First Collection") of the grand wish. At that time, because there were many Ming history materials scattered, some of them were not clearly recorded, and there was suppression from the Qing Dynasty's literary prison, there was no Ming history that could be passed on to the world. Therefore, he imitated sima Qian's form of "History", listed the outline, and then extensively collected information, crossed each other's evidence, and strived to be true and wrote a valuable work. So he traveled all over the country, visiting the former Ming Dynasty, examining the history of the wilderness, searching for anecdotes of the Ming Dynasty, and writing them in writing. In the forty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1702 AD), You Yunhu, a disciple of Dai Mingshi, engraved more than 100 ancient texts of the Dai clan that he had copied. Because the Dai family lived in Nanshan Gang, it was named "Nanshan Ji Even Copy", that is, the famous "Nanshan Collection". As soon as this book came out, it was popular in the provinces of Jiangnan, and its circulation was so large and widely circulated that it was rare among the private works of its kind at that time. It was this book that made Dai Mingshiliufang's literary circles for more than two hundred years, but it also caused him to suffer a great disaster.

In October of the fiftieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1711), the Du yushi Zhao Shenqiao participated in the long-lived "Nanshan Collection" of Dai Mingshi, which recorded the history of the King of Nanming Gui, and used the name of the 35th year of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and was imprisoned by Kangxi for the crime of "great rebellion", which was only two years after he was on the high school list. Two years later, on March 6, 1713 (March 31), Dai was executed at the age of sixty. The Nanshan case involved hundreds of people, shaking Ru Lin. At that time, well-known figures in politics and academia, such as Fang Bao, the founder of the Tongcheng faction, Zhao Shilin, Wang Yingmo, and Shuji Shiwang Fen, were all implicated. This is one of the famous "Three Great Literary Prisons of the Early Qing Dynasty", the "Nanshan Collection" case. After this case, all of Dai Mingshi's works were banned and destroyed. It was not until the twenty-first year of Daoguang (1841) that Dai Junheng, a member of the Dai clan, collected and published some of Dai Mingshi's articles and historical works. The collection consists of fifteen volumes and one volume of chronology. This book did not dare to use the title of "Nanshan Collection" and changed its title to "The Collection of Mr. Song Qianxu". And some of the words that invite trouble have been removed, and the author does not dare to sign dai qianfu. Because the Dai surname originated from the Song surname, it was replaced by Song Qian's false signature.

Dai Mingshi was arrogant and unruly, and he hated the high-ranking officials and nobles and the shameless literati who deceived the world and stole their names. In his "Diary of Nanshan Ji and Northbound Journey", he said that he often "drank and talked about current affairs, shouted aggressively, and there was no one around." These sharp words will inevitably touch the pain points of some people and be hated. In his "Book with Liu Dashan", he also said that he was "cynical and cynical in ancient wenduo, and did not dare to show the world, for fear of being guilty of words." Even so, he was eventually "convicted by words," which at the time was an honest, independent-minded intellectual's inevitable tragic fate.