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Born in 1901, formerly known as Feng Wenbing, he is one of the most influential literary figures in the history of Chinese literature in the 20th century, studied under Zhou Zuoren, and the originator of "Beijing school literature".
When we were young, we often lamented the talent of the "anonym", and as we grew up, we knew that the "anonymity" was not known or did not want to reveal the title of people who did not know their names, and just from this bend, the name was discarded and entered the adult life with obscure poetry.
"Ru Qi Ru Jie" is not only the name of the chapter in the essay of the abolished name, but also the name of the collection of works compiled by the China Literature and History Publishing House in 2018. In the collection, the discarded "Essay", "Jujube", and "The Story of the Bamboo Forest" are all included, so that people can appreciate the spicy and strange beauty of the wasted name.
On April 23, 1927, the 128th issue of the weekly magazine "Yusi" appeared on it: "The Diary of Forgotten", what kind of person would name his diary in this unique way?
This person is Feng Wenbing, and this set of diaries records the events from June 1 to 14, 1926, and the content of June 10 contains the origin of the pen name "Abolished Name":
"Since yesterday, I don't want my name, just a name, it's called 'waste name.'" I have really shed a lot of shells in these four years, and the last year has been particularly eccentric, and I have just made yesterday a commemorative day. ”
It can be seen in the discourse that Feng Wenbing expresses his transformation in a unique way, after which the name "Feng Wenbing" will disappear from people's impressions, and those who are infected by the work or resonate together will only marvel at the title of "waste name". However, the works of this literary master are ahead of their time and difficult to understand.
Wang Zengqi, a representative figure of the Beijing school of writers, commented on the abolition of the name: "The value of the abolition of the name is recognized, and his position in the history of modern Chinese literature is truly affirmed, I am afraid that it will be another twenty years." This sentence appeared in the preface written by Wang Zengqi in the Collection of Short Stories of The Abolition of Names, which was in March 1996.
It has been 24 years since Wang Lao's prophecy, and people are still unfamiliar with the abolition of the name.
When he was a child, he was frail and sickly, but he came from a well-off family and studied hard. In 1917, when he was admitted to the First Normal School in Hubei Province, he was attracted by the new literature he had just come into contact with, so he was inspired to devote his life to the cause of literature. After graduation, when he was teaching at a primary school in Wuchang, he became acquainted with Zhou Zuoren.
At that time, his first impression of Zhou Zuoren was: "The appearance of the name of the derelict is strange, its forehead is like a praying mantis, its voice is hoarse, and the first-time people do not know what its clouds are." Although the first meeting did not give Zhou Zuoren the impression of being handsome, it did not affect the mentor-apprentice relationship between the two.
After being admitted to Peking University with the lowest grades, Hu Shi's "Effort Weekly" became a valuable garden for him to study new literature. As early as when he was deposed and enrolled in the Hubei First Normal School, Liu Zhao (BoPing), a descendant of the Zhanghuang School, came from Peking University to teach, and At that time, Liu Zhao said in a contemptuous tone that there was a man named Hu Shi in Beiping who advocated new literature. From that time, the name was abolished, and Hu Shi was known.
In Peking University, he participated in the "Asakusa Society", and the abolition name published many articles in it, and achieved some fame, and many friends knew that it was written by the name of the abolition at a glance. And this fame of his attracted the attention of Chen Hengzhe, Hu Shi, Zhou Zuoren and so on.
Later Lu Xun's evaluation of his time was very pertinent: "Feng Wenbing, who later became famous for his 'abolished name', was also an author who was glimpsed in "Asakusa", but did not show his specialty." Obviously, Mr. Lu Xun did not pay much attention to the abolition of the name at that time, or that he was too busy to pay attention to the abolition of the name.
The abolition of the name that received the attention of Hu Shi and Zhou Zuoren brought him closer to the two in the new rural style of "The Story of the Bamboo Forest". In September 1923, he visited Zhou Zuoren for the first time. In the same year, he also visited Hu Shi.
During the "Yusi" period, the New Culture Movement began to split and re-integrate, and the abolition of the name also matured in this period, and as an important contributor to the "Yusi", he was often taught by Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren, and it was at this time that the abolition published the long poetic novel "The Bridge".
In 1927, Hu Shi and Lu Xun went south, and the deposed names and Zhou Zuoren, who had not yet graduated, stayed behind, using Bitter Rain As a place of spiritual sustenance for the two to comfort each other. After the complete collapse of the new cultural camp, the abolition of the name and Zhou Zuoren established a master-apprentice relationship.
In terms of literary creation, he did not attach himself to the essays that could bring him fame and fortune, and from the beginning of "The Story of the Bamboo Forest", he stepped into another piece of seclusion with a unique and obscure feature. His novels were written as prose, and prose was written as poetry.
When he was a lecturer at Peking University, he often asked himself questions and answered questions on the podium, and there was no one around, and the listeners often did not know what to do. Of course, unlike the current college classroom atmosphere, he is not trying to alleviate his classroom atmosphere, but is truly immersed in the charm of his own culture. Therefore, together with Fu Sinian and Qian Xuantong, he was also known as the "Three Great Demons" of Peking University.
The deposed work "Barbershop":
Pancreatic foam in barbershops It has nothing to do with the universe It's like a fish forgetting about each other A razor in the hands of a craftsman Remember the human understanding Scratched a lot of traces The upper and lower radios on the wall were turned on It is the spit of the soul
He originally wanted to write about the estrangement between people, but deliberately embedded the "mutual foam" into it, highlighting the absurdity of the world composed of pancreatic foam, razors, radios, etc., the stage is crowded with matter, and the soul is thirsty to death on the edge. The poem is very ambitious, but it is quite abrupt to read.
The reason why the discarded works are difficult to understand is here, he always jumps from this intention to another intention, bringing the reader a sense of confusion. The same is true of his novels, although every detail is meticulously crafted and the words are plain and simple, but the overall reading is still difficult to understand its inner meaning.
The name is also very much focused on the beauty of language, such as in "Yuzu": "Pushing open the tent, the moonlight coming in from the patio has been moved to the table by the window." "The yard was once surrounded by bamboo poles, full of messy straw, but there were still a few poles left. These sentences all show a rustic linguistic beauty.
Mr. Zhu Guangqian once said that he was a conformist novelist, when he wrote novels, his eyes looked inward, paying attention to his own heart, and his characters sank into his ego, living his life everywhere.
However, this unusual writing style was not accepted by everyone in the literary world, and even received a lot of contempt, and his teacher Zhou Zuoren was not optimistic about his writing style.
Zhou Zuoren criticized the post-abolition period from bland to "concise or strange and spicy", which disappointed him greatly. Lu Xun also said: "I cherish his limited sorrow too much... Only to see the intentional low wandering, Gu Ying's self-pity. Lu Xun was also the teacher of the abolished name, and at that time, the deposed name submitted to him many times and did not see it published.
Shen Congwen also criticized the abolition of names in this way: "This kind of work, in addition to the pleasure of individual writing, and the hobby of the illness of the two or three good people, in the sense of this work, is nothing but a work that wastes the author's energy." ”
However, in the face of these criticisms, the abolition of the name chose to use a silent and diligent way to turn into a candle in an independent winter day, becoming a hidden starlight on the isolated island of literary creation.
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