Many years ago, I heard about the abolition of the name and felt strange. Annulment? How can there be such a name? Remembering that writers like to take pen names, I thought: abolished names, should be pen names! Later, after reading a little more books, I knew: the name of the abolition is Feng Wenbing's pen name. Most of the books are discarded names, and their real name is Feng Wenbing, but they are not well known. The new literary writers after the "May Fourth" period are neither as famous as those in Japan and The Sky, nor are they nameless. To study the history of modern literature, one should read about abolition. The compilation of modern literary works cannot avoid the abolition of names.
In June 1979, Shanghai Education Publishing House published a set of "Reference Materials for the History of Modern Chinese Literature" edited by peking university, Beijing normal university, Beijing normal university, Chinese department of modern Chinese literature. I have in my hands selected short stories, selected essays, and selected new poems. The first volume of the "Selected Short Stories" selects a discarded novel: "The Story of the Bamboo Forest"; the first volume of the "New Selected Poems" selects three poems by Feng Wenbing: "The Nineteenth Night of December", "Joy is Beauty", and "The Son of a Foreign Coachman".
Since August 1982, the People's Literature Publishing House has successively launched the "Selected Works of Modern Chinese Literature", of which I have in my hand the "Selected Essays of Modern China 1918-1949", and the third volume contains four pieces of "Essays" with the name of "Bamao", "Sending Street Lamps", "Wanshou Palace", and "Lingdang". In the "Anthology of Modern Chinese Literary Creation", it is estimated that there are "Selected Short Stories 1918-1949" and "Selected New Poems 1918-1949", and the works with abolished names should be selected among them.
Since 1993, the China Federation of Literary and Literary Publishing House has successively launched the "Original Edition Library of Modern Chinese Masterpieces" edited by Wang Bin, which is based on the single edition of famous masterpieces of the Republic of China period. There are 86 in total, including 30 novels, 30 essays, and 26 poetry. In the "Original Library of Masterpieces of Modern Chinese Novels", Feng Wenbing's "The Story of the Bamboo Forest" is listed as a family. In the "Original Library of Masterpieces of Modern Chinese Poetry", the discarded "Zhao Yin Collection" is listed as one.
The books in the bookcases, including the "Reference Materials for the History of Modern Chinese Literature," the "Anthology of Modern Chinese Literary Creation," and the "Original Library of Masterpieces of Modern Chinese Classics," have all been carefully turned over. Among them, the obsolete works included in them should be seen by the eye. It's just that reading these books happened more than thirty years ago. The specific contents of the abandoned novels, essays, and poems selected in the book have been completely forgotten, and only the strange name of the abolished name is remembered.
Last year, I read "Selected Novels of Lin Jinlan" in the "Chinese Library" series published by the People's Literature Publishing House in July 2009. Although he knew Lin Jinlan, he had hardly read his works. When I opened the book, its fresh, light tone grabbed me at once. In particular, the "Low Stool Bridge Series", the words of the wind and clouds, and the gentleness of Jiangnan Water Town are as close as they are combined.
Although it was a first reading, Lin Jinlan's text seemed familiar. Carefully combing through, I found that there are many similarities with Wang Zengqi's writings. In the 1980s and 1990s, the literary world also called Wang Zengqi and Lin Jinlan "double bibi in the literary world". It is called "Double Bi", not only because it is of the same age and belongs to the "old" and refined, but more importantly, their writing in that special era, giving people a rare sense of freshness and elegance, reconnecting a strand of text that has been interrupted for a long time. Along this vein, Wang Zengqi and Lin Jinlan were shen congwen before. Earlier than Shen Congwen were Zhou Zuoren and his disciples of the Bitter Rain Zhai. Among Zhou Zuoren's disciples, there were abolished names. If it continues upwards, this vein should be connected by the literati essays of the Qing, Ming, Yuan, Song, and Tang dynasties. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Liu Yiqing's "New Sayings of the World Language" may be regarded as the ancestral source of this vein.
People pass middle age, and their reading habits change unconsciously. Gradually, I did not like novels with strong ups and downs and conflicts or prose with beautiful sentences, and became more and more interested in bland writing and light and breezy plots. Zhou Zuoren had read some of his books, Shen Congwen and Wang Zengqi's had read a lot, and Lin Jinlan had just finished reading them. So, the strange name of the abolition, more than thirty years later, once again entered my reading horizons.
Two
Searching online, I found that in April 2012, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House reprinted the first edition of the "New Literature and Art • Chinese Modern Literature Masters Reader" series of books in November 2094. This series of books contains the novel works of twelve literary masters, Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Yu Dafu, Lao She, Gongming, Shen Congwen, Ba Jin, Ding Ling, Shi Jingcun, Zhang Tianyi, Xiao Hong, and Sun Li, each in one volume.
Buy back the volume of "Abandoned Names • Pastoral Novels" and read them carefully. "Abandoned Name • Pastoral Novel" is very thin, small 32 folio, 200 pages. In fact, it is impossible and incomplete to summarize the characteristics of a writer in one word, but the summary of the series of books more or less covers the most important characteristics of these twelve writers. 25 works, from "Honeysuckle" to "The Bridge", 13 are selected from the deposed novel "The Bridge". The last one is titled "Untitled", which is selected from the long novel "After Mr. Mosu Has Taken a Plane". I prefer to write several novels about family affection and low-level characters, write my cousin's "Yuzu", write Li Mama's "Huan Yi Mother", and write the three girls' "The Story of the Bamboo Forest", all of which are very good. The most touching is "A Sister", in which the pain and pity, reading breathlessly, a small life, so well-behaved, cute, but day by day to death, it is really helpless. The great sorrow of life may be like this, seeing that the loved ones are gradually disappearing, but they can't do anything, they can't help at all, they can't make it strong. I don't know much about the family background of the abolished name, nor do I know whether this sister really has her own person or the "creation" of the abolished name. Judging from the deep sadness in the text, the name should have a sister who died early.
He also bought back a set of "Bitter Rain Zhai Wencong" published by Liaoning People's Publishing House in January 2009, and Zhou Zuoren, Renming, Yu Pingbo, Jiang Shaoyuan, and Shen Qiwu were five people, and they were separately written into volumes. The "Wasted Names Volume" collects 14 essays on the wasted names, 7 poems, 3 poems, 4 short stories, 14 excerpts from the novel "The Bridge", 6 excerpts from "The Biography of Mr. Mosu", 4 excerpts from "After Mr. Mosu has taken a plane", and 3 appendices and editor's afterwords. Read carefully. Although many of the articles are the same as "Abandoned Names • Pastoral Novels", re-reading them without a sense of repetition. The fresh and natural tone, the pattern of almost no plot, and the expression of not deliberately but the words and words impressed me. After reading the "Chronology of Abolished Names" in the appendix, I have a more detailed understanding of the life of the abolished names: the abolished names, born in 1901, the original name is Feng Wenbing; during the Republic of China period, in the fields of novels, poetry, prose, and literary criticism, there were many achievements, and it was famous for the abolition; after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he mainly taught at Jilin University, taught and educated people, and engaged in literary research, and died of illness in 1967.
After reading "Abandoned Names • Pastoral Novels" and "Bitter Rain Zhai Wen Cong • Waste Names Volumes", I still have no end in my mind, and I want to read "The Bridge", "The Biography of Mr. Mosuyou" and "After Mr. Moshuyou Took a Plane" from beginning to end, and see how this "Mr. Mosuyou" crossed the "bridge" and went to "take a plane". Type "Complete Collection of Waste Names" on Baidu, and the "Waste Name Collection" pops up. Originally, in January 2009, Peking University Press published a six-volume "Collection of Wasted Names" edited by Wang Feng, which compiled all the discarded works that could be recorded at that time, except for diaries and letters. Although it is not called "complete collection", it has the arrogance of "complete collection".
Unfortunately, Jingdong, Dangdang, Excellence, Wenxuan, Boku Online, "Waste Name Collection" are marked with "out of stock" after the "Waste Collection". Obviously, it is too late to buy "Scrap Collection". Go to the prefectural library, several school libraries, including the municipal vocational and technical college library to find, want to lend it out, and then say that you lost it, according to the price of compensation. But no. A friend works in the university library, there is this set of books, but after borrowing, it must be returned, and the land is far away, and it is inconvenient to send it to and fro. Call Peking University Press, hoping to have inventory, no. Searching all over the door, I think of Taobao and Confucius Old Book Network. One check, there is. A classmate happened to buy a book and asked him to help me buy a set of "Waste Names" on Taobao, which was very cheap, and sent it to a look, which was a copy. Classmates said: Bibliophiles like you, the copy is not suitable, buy a new set of genuine copies. Although he is not a bibliophile, his friend's words are in the middle. Therefore, in the Confucius old book network filmed a set of "Waste Names" back. Books, of course, are good books, are genuine, and the price is also price, several times higher than the price at the bottom of the book.
Peking University Press's "Collection of Abolished Names" is divided into two parts, the first and lower parts, bounded by the change of hands of the Peking Kuomintang, the first part is the work from 1922 to 1948, and the lower part is the work between 1949 and 1964." "The first part is divided into four categories: novels, texts, poems, and treatises,...... The following part is basically divided into several categories based on the research objects. "The first and second volumes are novels, the third volumes are texts and poems, and the fourth, fifth and sixth volumes are treatises and research articles. There are many appendices after the collection, especially the "Chronology of Feng Wenbing's Life" and the "Supplement to the Chronology of The Life of The Abolition of Names", "The Chronology of Feng Wenbing's Writings", and "Feng Wenbing's Pen List", which are of great reference value.
Three
I couldn't wait to read it, and soon finished reading the first and second volumes of the "Wasted Names Collection".
He has published three short story collections: "The Story of the Bamboo Forest", "Taoyuan", and "Jujube", which include almost all of his short stories. Outside the collection, after repeated searches by the editors of the "Collection of Abolished Names", there are only 5 articles, which are compiled into the first volume, known as "outside the collection".
The novels in the first volume of the "Wasted Names Collection" have been read and re-read in the "Waste Names • Pastoral Novels" and "Bitter Rain Zai Wen Cong • Waste Names Volumes", and I do not feel that they are repetitive, but have new feelings and gains. More articles, read for the first time, feel even more new and dazzling, there are many surprises struck. The text of the abolition of the name is generalized and elegant. His novels have almost no ups and downs, the plot is scattered and not twisted, the story is fine and less open, and the characters are casual and not strange. Start with a pen, seemingly very casual, and then tell it, calmly and calmly, naturally; close, finish, or even a seemingly insignificant sentence, and then suddenly stop, and your eyes are still searching for imaginary words, hoping to continue reading. Sure, I could keep reading it, but it was another one. Abolish the name to write about the people around them, while writing about people, while writing scenes, while telling other people's stories, while telling their own feelings. That feeling is also faint, saying that there is, there is, saying no, as if there really is none. Many chapters, in The Light Ya, there is a faint sadness, which is depressing to read, such as "Yuzu", such as "Huan YiMu", such as "Little Sister", and even the "Story of the Bamboo Forest", the "Taoyuan", the "Wengong Temple", all of which give me such a feeling. There was an invisible force that came out from between the lines, like sorrow, like regret, like pity, like a chant, in short, it overwhelmed me.
In addition to feeling depressed, I am also very inferior: many places, I don't understand it. In the beginning, I excused myself: the times are different. In the 1920s and 1930s, when the name was abolished, the literary language was transitioning to the vernacular, and its text was naturally somewhat "sandwiched": the white text was sandwiched, and the text was sandwiched. The humanistic environment of the era of abolitionist writing, the writing habits are also very different from today. But the further you read, the less valid this reason is, and many sentences that are not "literary" at all are very smooth and not stubborn at all, but why the name is put here and what the meaning contained in it is not known. Sometimes, combined with the context, it seems to know, but it can't be said. Sometimes, I feel that I know everything, but my mouth is dull, and my words are poor and short, and I can't express them completely. Reading novels, including the novels of Shen Congwen, Wang Zengqi, Lin Jinlan, Lin Huiyin and others who have lost their names, has not yet been read and cannot be understood, although it may be far from the author's main theme, but when reading it, it is consciously clear and clear. This should be my problem: my own level, to understand the name, there is still a long way to go. Therefore, on the one hand, it seems to be Zhiyin, "inexplicably happy", but on the other hand, it is covered with clouds and fog, "inexplicably self-injurious".
Compared with the first volume of the "Wasted Names", the novels in the second volume seem to be much more "mature". But precisely because of its "maturity", the "waste name taste" in it is much less. In fact, there was less "waste name taste" in the past, and there was a new "waste name taste". If reading the first volume of the "Collection of Wasted Names" reads his freshness, nature, leisureliness, and wilderness; then, reading the second volume of the "Collection of Wasted Names", you can appreciate more of his mysteries, meditations, philosophies, and temples. This new "smell of wasted name" is particularly prominent in "The Biography of Mr. Nonsense". A lot of times, it feels like you're not reading a novel, you're reading philosophy. Several times, I had the idea of letting go, but finally I read it hard. Fortunately, this style has weakened after "Mr. Mosuyuki took a plane". Compared with "The Biography of Mr. Mosu", "After Mr. Mosu has a plane" has a more life flavor. Although there are still mysterious thoughts from time to time, but I understand it clearly, the more I read it, the more I want to read it down. When the pages of the book are turned back, the feel gradually thinner and thinner, and I feel very sorry.
"After Mr. Mosu you took a plane" wrote about "Mr. Mosuyou" in Huangmei during the War of Resistance. From "running back" to teaching Chinese in Jinjiazhai Primary School, after going to Wuzu Temple Huangmei County to teach English, to Shui mo Chong closed residence to write "Alaya Theory of Cognition", after moving after moving to the mountain shop ancestral hall residence abruptly stopped. Obviously, this is an unfinished novel. "Mr. Mosuyou" stayed in Huangmei for a long time afterwards, but the life during these times, the name of the name was not written down and did not tell us. Like Venus with the Broken Arm, the "After Mr. Nonsense" that we read is incomplete. But from this incompleteness, we can see some of the characteristics of that generation of scholars. The writing of the abolition of the name is caused by the excitement, the heart has something to say, lift the pen, and write it into a chapter. If there were more important things to do, such as writing the Alaya Epistemology, I would write something else. His novel creation is almost always personal experience, almost all of which are "real records" and almost "no stories". When he thinks that he has written a worthy book in his own experience, he no longer mentions the pen. This may be the repeated emphasis in "After Mr. Mosu has taken the plane" that the composition should be "realistic".
After reading the first and second volumes of the "Collection of Wasted Names", I finished reading the novels of the abolished names. In the next few volumes, the third volume is "Poetry" and "Literature", the fourth volume is "Treatise" and "Scholarship", the fifth volume is Lu Xun's special topic, and the sixth volume is the later scholarship. None of this is what I like. The literary creation of the abolished name, during the Republic of China period. The abolition name I like is only the abolition of the Republic of China period. The post-Republic of China era was abolished by Feng Wenbing as a scholar. How accomplished he was, is not something I can comment on. His novels, however, are genuinely fond of them. Although some critics say that his novel lacks thought, no one can deny its artistry. Reading today, the idyllic scenery, local atmosphere, natural taste, and innocent temperament can still move people and make people yearn. This, perhaps, is the meaning of abolishing a name.
Four
Just as Feng Wenbing entered the literary world and intended to "abolish" his name and transform himself into a wasted name, when the abolition gave up literary creation and entered the field of research, he transformed into Feng Wenbing. The karmic coincidence in this, the wind and clouds, can not be said in a word. Today, people look for waste names because they want to relive the idyllic scenery, local atmosphere, natural taste, and naïve temperament of the past, and want to find comfort from the context that has been interrupted for a long time. However, the abolition of the name has passed away, and the current abolition of the name only exists in his words, only in the nostalgia of the literati and in the research articles of scholars.
In November 2013, Jincheng Publishing House published a book signed by Mei Jie, "Mr. Waste Name", which contained 21 articles related to waste name reading and waste name research articles. Among them, the article "Abolished Name in Huangmei" is very helpful for understanding the life trajectory and creation ring of the abolished name. In the "concluding remarks" of the article, there is a passage: "The name is abolished and said that 'only 'nature' is good for me, the home is in the city, the foreign home is in the countryside two miles away from the city, before the age of ten, it is in line with Tao Yuanming's "Huai Liangchen Hair Lonely Journey", and he has achieved a literary career for twenty years', 'My children's world is in my hometown, if I really understand my children's world, my hometown is afraid of ignorance'. It was only after the abolition of the name that he understood that "children's lives were originally articles", so he wandered in the kingdom of memory and recorded the life of Huang Mei's children, which can be said to be the literary genius who Huang Mei nurtured the wasted name. "Hometown, for the abolition of the name, is not just a reminiscence article, but almost his entire literary creation. Almost all of his novels are based on hometown stories, and the characters in his novels are almost all hometown people. This place of Huangmei is a peculiar place, in addition to being famous for the "Huangmei Drama", it is also a place where literati are multiplied: Hongnin, Qu Sijiu, Yu Blood Wheel, Wang Keshou, Tang Yongtong...
In "Looking for the Source of the Stream" published by Haitian Publishing House in September 2016, Tang Yijie, Tang Yongtong's son, recalled the abolition of the name: "In the first class on Lu Xun's "Diary of a Madman", he said at the beginning: 'I understand the 'Diary of a Madman' more deeply than Mr. Lu Xun himself. We, the new college students, were stunned. Once, when he was talking about writing to refine sentences, he cited a passage from his novel "The Bridge" describing a hot summer day,...... He said, "You see, this "insurmountable day" is really a hair of God, and it is really "it is difficult to have a coolness in the world." Writing an article requires being able to write such a sentence to be called a big hand. Xiong Shili wrote the New Theory of Knowledge criticizing Buddhism and abolishing the name of Buddhism, and the two often debated it. ...... On this day, both of them were wearing single pants, and they argued loudly, and the voice was getting louder and louder, but suddenly everything was quiet, there was no sound at all, and the people in the front yard felt strange and rushed to the backyard to see. At a glance, it turned out that Xiong Feng and Feng believed each other's necks, and they couldn't make a sound. It's really 'silence is better than sound at this time.' In Liu Yangdong's "Going to the Republic of China: Private Life Between 1912 and 1949", there is also a quarrel between Xiong Shili and Feng Wenbing: "In the 1930s, when scholars Xiong Shili and Feng Wenbing raised a bar and even wrestled with each other over an argument over a problem, Xiong Shili said in a strong voice: 'I represent the Buddha, and if you do not agree, you are against the Buddha! Although the cause of the matter is very different, the struggle should be a fact. From these memories, it can be seen that the character of the name is not as bland and easy-going as his writings, but some of the arrogant and willful. This, perhaps, is the true character of the literati.
From "Waste Name • Pastoral Novel", "Bitter Rain Zhai Wen Cong • Waste Name Volume", to "Waste Name Collection", I bought all the works of Waste Name. Starting with "The Story of the Bamboo Forest" and "Yuzu", I finished reading all the novels of the wasted name. In Mei Jie's "Mr. Wasted Name", Tang Yijie's "Looking for the Source of the Stream", and Liu Yangdong's "Going to the Republic of China: Private Life Between 1912 and 1949", I saw some aspects of the abolition of the name. In the relevant appendix to the collection of abolished names, I learned the complete life of the abolished names.
I don't think I'm looking for a name. Fifty years after his death, the tomb has been arched, and the bones of the corpses have not survived, where can I still find it? Although what I want to look for is not his "body", but his "soul". But when the flesh is destroyed, where does the soul exist? My search may be doomed to be vain! I think I have found the wasted name, read the wasted name works, the words he left behind belong to him, his innocence, childlike heart, sensitivity, childishness, elegance, modesty, in the text, flickering and jumping in the text, like the flash of dew on the green leaves in the spring sun, like the fragrance emitted by the mountain flowers in april in the world, like the fruit hanging on the branches in early summer, like a cold plum in the depths of the snowfield in the middle of winter. And I, when I met him in the text, seemed to be familiar, and it seemed to be the first encounter, it seemed to know each other, and it was far away. I can only look up humbly, to lower myself to the dust, but I like it in my heart, and it sprouts in the dust and grows a grass.