Author: Dai Ke, Source: Tang Poetry Song Ci Ancient Poetry (id: tsgsc8)
1
In the academic field, it is a common phenomenon to annotate the classics, but very few can be circulated with the original works. Throughout the thousands of years, it has been praised by future generations, but Confucius, Chen Shou, Li Daoyuan, Zhu Xi, Zhang Juzheng and a few others. Their writings became a mountain that could not be bypassed when students read them in later generations.
Among these classic works, Xiang Xiu's "Notes on Zhuangzi" occupies a place. It can be called the best work of the commentary "Zhuangzi", and the evaluation of "The New Language of the World" is: wonderful analysis, great Chang Xuanfeng. And the contemporary literary scholar Lu An was even more praised: "Zhuang Zhou is not dead." It can be said that understanding Xiang Xiu is the process of reading Zhuangzi.
Xiang Xiu, the character period, and "big brother" Shan Tao are all fallen nobles. The conditions of the family are not the same as those of the grandparents. But fortunately, it is not too poor, at least the most basic life problems can be guaranteed. Therefore, when Xiang Xiu was young, he had a lot of time to study the knowledge he liked.
Judging from his temperament, the bibliography he read should be similar to that of Ji Kang, and all of them were mainly non-Confucian. Among these masterpieces, Xiang Xiu's favorite is "Zhuangzi".
Xiang Xiu read "Zhuangzi", it was to the point of being intoxicated, and he couldn't bear to put it down when eating during the day, and he had to sleep in his arms at night. Write a few articles when you're okay and spread your thoughts. Therefore, ShanTao came under such circumstances to visit Xian.
After a little thought, in fact, the beginning of this friendship is deserved.
First of all, both belong to Hanoi Huai County, which is a neighboring township.
Secondly, Shantao likes to make friends with all kinds of young students. Xiang Xiu is such a calm personality and a clear state of mind, and the two are quite similar. So it was sooner or later that we became friends.
On this day, Shan Tao rushed to visit Xiang Xiu, and the two talked about the "Health Theory" written by Ji Kang not long ago. Xiang Xiu had not yet met Ji Kang at this time, but only expressed his admiration for this article in front of Shantao, hoping to have the opportunity to see the author.
Shan Tao smiled, "How difficult is this, I happen to know him." I'll take you with me next time. Xiang Xiu was grateful and asked Shan Tao, "What kind of person is Uncle Ji Ye?" Shan Tao replied kindly: "His character is as tall and independent as the green pine in the valley, and his drunken state seems to be dumped by a jade mountain, and he looks radiant whether he sits or lies down." Xiang Xiu was excited and was busy agreeing with Shantao on a departure date.
2
When Xiang Xiu followed Shantao to the bamboo forest with a longing heart, he was stunned by the scene in front of him.
I saw a long, fair-faced man pounding iron. He was naked, sweating profusely, and the hammer in his hand was swinging smoothly and powerfully. Before Shan Tao could introduce himself, Xiang Xiu guessed that this person was Ji Kang. But he was still surprised: "What this Uncle Ye and Emperor Sizong saw before is really two people!" ”
After seeing Ji Kang, Xiang Xiu gossiped less and directly took out his masterpiece , "The Theory of Difficult Health". This was unbelievable, and all of a sudden it was favored by Ji Kang. I have to say that Xiang Xiu is indeed much more experienced than Zhong Hui in throwing rolls. Zhong Hui threw the neatly arranged volume of poetry into the window and fled like a thief who had committed theft. Ji Kang may have looked at it a few times, felt that it was incompatible with his own thoughts, and directly threw it into the trash can. And Xiang Xiu's article was completely a refutation of the previous "Health Theory", so it immediately attracted Ji Kang's interest.
After reading "The Theory of Difficult Health", Ji Kang realized that this young man who was two years younger than himself was not a vain person. And his "Theory of Difficult Health" is the first to say:
Shennong sang the beginning of grain food, and then the karma of sowing and breeding. Birds and beasts flew away, and the people looked at them. Zhou Kong is a poor god, and Yan Ran is a tree of virtue. The sages cherish their deeds and do not abandon them for hundreds of generations. Once the clouds are now: grains are not suitable for life, and food is not convenient, then there are also hetang, yellow and boundless, for this spring wine, to jiemei shou, are all false words also ...
This long sigh completely overwhelmed Ji Kang's view that "five grains are difficult to maintain health". Ji Kang was also greatly interested in Xiang Xiu's rebuttal, and his pen turned sharply and wrote a "Difficult Health Theory":
Therefore, those who are knowledgeable and still moving, with their ability to live and be thick- However, if you want to move, you will regret and be stingy, and if you know what to do, you will know before you stand... The rare ones of the old world are not wealthy, not glory. Lack of ears! Isn't it self-satisfied that those who are willing to cultivate acres of land are draught by brown? Those who are inadequate, although they are nourished by the world and entrusted with all things, are still not afraid... Therefore, "Lao Tzu" said: "Happiness is greater than worry-free, and wealth is greater than contentment." This is also true.
At the beginning, I first talked about a big truth, and if nothing else, as soon as "Lao Tzu" was introduced, using Xiang Xiu's sense of worship of idols, the persuasiveness was greatly enhanced. Then Ji Kang began to ask questions, and asked rhetorically: "The saints are exhausted in reason, and it is advisable to enjoy the period, while Yao and Kong have been given a hundred years, and the lower ones are seventy, so why not neglect to guide and nurture?" "Shennong sang the beginning of grain food, birds and beasts flew away, and the people looked at it." Now there is no grain, not sung by Shennong. ”
At the end, he concluded: There are five difficulties in health care, fame and fortune are not destroyed, this difficulty is also; joy and anger are not removed, this two difficulties are also; the sound and color do not go, these three difficulties are also; the taste is endless, this four difficulties are also; God worries forwards, and this five difficulties are also. The five will exist, although the heart is difficult to grow old, the mouth recites the words, chews the Yinghua, breathes the sun, can not but return to its, do not die its years.
This "Answer to difficult health theory" not only gives a positive answer to Xiang Xiu's rebuttal and raises some mythological questions; it also systematically summarizes the views of the previous "Health Theory". It can be said that this "Difficult Health Theory" is an upgraded version of "Health Theory". As for ji kang's rhetorical question, in the age of worship more than a thousand years ago, Xiang Xiu was still quite difficult to answer. However, it was this debate on health that made the two become lifelong confidants.
3
The arrival of Xiang Xiu gave Ji Kang a companion in his thinking. It's like Bo Ya met the sub-stage. They talk about everything, and their emotions grow stronger. It can be assumed that if Xiang Xiu is a girl, then Ji Kang may not end up marrying the lord of Changle Pavilion.
In addition to discussing metaphysics with Ji Kang, Xiang Xiu also helped him work together. At that time, Lu An often visited and carried water with them to grow vegetables. It seems that the definition of green vegetables entered the vision of the bamboo forest during the Wei and Jin dynasties. When the farmer was idle, Ji Kang took off his shirt again and swung a heavy hammer. Xiang Xiu sat on the sidelines, blowing the wind and burning the fire. They are engaged in simple manual labor, but they have experienced the joy and philosophy of life. Everything is expensive, and playing iron and playing the piano are actually the same. Only in the eyes of those who are vassals and elegant, there is a distinction between "Yangchun White Snow" and "Lower Riba People".
On this day, Xiang Xiu called Ji Kang and Lu An and told the two friends: "I want to make notes to Zhuangzi, and this idea has been around for a long time. I wonder what you think? ”
Xiang Xiu was enthusiastic, but the two friends did not think so. Ji Kang said: "There were not many people who annotated Zhuangzi in the past, which probably did not require any annotation. Even if it is written, it is only deliberately explained, like He Yan's people, there is no benefit to life cultivation. ”
Xiang Xiu's hot blood was poured with cold water, and his heart was very unpleasant. But he had already vowed that even the most admired Shu Ye could not change his decision to make a bet. In this way, after a period of silence, Xiang Xiu took out a few articles. Ji Kang and Lu An both applauded after reading it, and did not think that Zi Qi's understanding of Zhuangzi was already so profound. Even Ruan Yuan, who has never studied metaphysics, has become a fan of Zhuangzi and devoted himself to the study of metaphysics!
With the support and encouragement of a group of friends, the bamboo forest "little celebrity" Xiang Xiu continued his journey of making notes. As soon as each article came out, it immediately became popular and became popular. Later, Fang Xuanling and others described in the "Book of Jin": Zhuang Zhou wrote dozens of articles inside and outside, although the talents of the past have been observers, Mo Shi discussed his purpose, Xiu Nai concealed it, invented strange fun, and stirred up Xuan Feng, and those who read it transcended their minds and realized that they were self-sufficient for a while. In the life of Emperor Hui, Guo Xiang also recounted and widely, the traces of Confucian ink were despised, and the words of the Taoists were flourished.
Although, after Xiang Xiu's death, the work could not be published in time, and as a result, the copyright was stolen by Guo Xiang. But Guo Xiang's writing and thoughts are incomparable with Xiang Xiu's. Therefore, I have to cause people to sigh: after Xiang Xiu, there is no "Zhuangzi"!
4
Turning to the "Records of Transmission and Practice", you will find that Mr. Yang Ming attaches great importance to "determination to keep sincerity". Determination is the prerequisite for success; and sincerity is to maintain ambition and continuous hard work. This is the only shortcut to humanity's success.
The reason why Xiang Xiu was able to succeed was inseparable from his persistence in his studies, and he was also deeply affected by the environment of the day after tomorrow. In a quiet environment like a bamboo forest, everyone has no time to worry about the flies and dogs in society, fighting for power and profit, and only wants to find the source of their own happiness. This joy of birth is fortunate, but it is also destined to be short-lived.
In the third year of Jing Yuan (262), Ji Kang was killed by Sima Zhao because he was involved in the criminal case of his friend Lu An. This is the beginning of the tragedy and the end of the bamboo forest.
Two years later, shortly after Ruan Zhi wrote the Book of Persuasion, Xiang Xiu came out to become an official. All this seems to be related to Ji Kang's death. For Xiang Zi, when the confidant is gone, what the rest of life does is the same. At this time, he was elected as the county master, and Zori county affairs. As soon as he arrived in Luoyang, he was received by Sima Zhao.
Sima Zhao asked happily, "How could Su Wenzi be willing to come out and become an official?" Xiang Xiu said, "Father Chao and Xu You are just self-disciplined scholars, and they are not worth emulating." Now when I met such a bright lord as the King of Jin, I naturally came out. Sima Zhao listened to the dismissal and praised him greatly, and entrusted him with a heavy responsibility.
After Xiang Xiu was appointed as a loose rider, it was really - Xu Shu entered the Cao camp and did not say a word. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that he was forced to be born and had no choice but to adopt the same "official policy" as Nguyễn; on the other hand, he was influenced by the long-term concept of "inaction". Therefore, Xiang Xiu did not do anything in office, but spent most of his time on governance and learning, creating a crystallization of culture for future generations.
5
As the days passed, Xiang Xiu's research on Zhuangzi had penetrated deep into the bone marrow. He began to walk out of Ji Kang's departure, gradually looking down on everything and being free.
According to his interpretation of "The Getaway", the "getaway" realm exists in the real secular society, not by the external master "ontology", the key lies in each of its own nature, each taking its own share. So he will not linger in pain and sorrow all the time (and those pains should not belong to him), but will tend to be quiet and indifferent, and the mind will be like water.
One day, Xiang Xiu took a car to Luoyang to take up his post, and in the evening, he happened to pass by Ji Kang's former residence. At this time, the bamboo forest has long since lost the laughter and laughter of the past. The two leaders, Ji Kang and Nguyen, died, and the others went their separate ways and disappeared. Xiang Xiu looked at the dilapidated hut, the bamboo leaves destroyed the wind, and the bluestone of the streamer seemed to still have the figure of the deceased, and he did not feel sorrow coming from it. Suddenly, he heard a lingering flute sound in the distance, causing him to roll down tears.
Xiang Xiu was stunned to hear it, and what he saw in front of him returned to the past time, and everyone sat around drinking and talking about Xuan, and the arrogance was dry. So I made the bed and stayed for a while. Only because of the deep feelings in his heart, he wrote a "Thinking of the Old Endowment" with a pen:
Adapting his life to Yuanjing Xi, he turned around and turned north. The Yellow River of Ji is a boat ride, passing through the former residence of Shanyang. Look at the depression of the wilderness, and ride the rest of the city. The relics of the second son, the empty house of the poor alley. Sighing away from Zhou Xi, sad Mai Xiu yu Yin Ruins. But the past is nostalgic for the present, and the heart wanders with hesitation. Dong Yu exists and is destroyed, and the form of the god is like a god. The sins of Xi Lisi sighed and groaned. Mourning Ji Sheng's eternal resignation, Gu Riying played the piano. Consignment encounters understanding, sending the rest of life to the inch yin. Listen to the generosity of the whistle, and the wonderful sound will never be found again. Stop driving and say that he will be moving forward, so he will help Han and write his heart.
Read it slowly, which has a bit of Pan Yue's mourning poem. It seems that Xiang Xiu really moved the "true feelings" towards Ji Kang.
In his preface to the opening, he says: "I live with Ji Kang and Lu An, and I walk in a similar way. They are all talented people who have fallen into obscurity. Ji Kangzhi was distant and distant, and Lu An was relieved to let go, but later he was killed because of one thing. When Ji Kang faced the firing squad, he looked at the sun shadow and asked for a guqin to play proudly. Now I am going to the west, passing by our old grass hut, with mixed feelings in my heart, the sun is thin and the night is cold. Your wife and children have long since moved, and I may never come back! Listening to the loud and lonely flute sound in my ears, I finally couldn't bear it and lamented and wrote this gift! ”
Xiang Xiu's monologue portrays his state of mind at that time vividly, which can really be described as sincere and sincere, full of sorrow and indignation. Later, Mr. Lu Xun said: "Xiang Xiu wrote "Thinking of the Old Gift" for the sake of forgetting the memory. In his youth, I wonder why he only had a few lines, but he just started and ended, but now I understand..." In fact, this empathy is that he found resonance in the poem.
Accustomed to long nights in the spring, the woman will have silky sideburns. In the dream, there were still tears of the mother, and the head of the city changed the banner of the king. Bear with watching his peers become new ghosts, angrily looking for small poems in the knife bush. There is no place to write, and the moonlight shines like water on the clothes. - "Accustomed to The Long Night of Spring"
The next day, when Xiang Xiu's figure drifted away with the carriage, the feelings of the world faded from his eyes little by little...
-Author-
Dai Ke, formerly known as Kong Yao. Love life, love literature, love poetry. A pure and simple literary and artistic youth; a red fan who is difficult to extricate himself; an ethereal ancient poetry writer!