Recently, domestic actor Zhang Zhehan has aroused strong criticism from all walks of life due to improper behavior such as visiting the Yasukuni Shrine in Japan.
In addition to visiting the infamous Yasukuni Shrine, Zhang Zhehan was also exposed for participating in a friend's wedding at nogi shrine, so the nogi shrine also attracted widespread attention from the countrymen.
Although Zhang Zhehan apologized on his Weibo and attributed this behavior to "ignorance" in a vain attempt to excuse himself, he was still "criticized by name" by the central media.
@CCTV News: Whether it is taking a group photo in front of the Yasukuni Shrine or attending a wedding at the Nogi Shrine, Zhang Zhehan has touched the scars of history and hurt national feelings, which cannot be simply attributed to "once ignorant".
Yasukuni Shrine, as you may have heard, is dedicated to many Japanese Class A war criminals, and many Japanese prime ministers have to go to worship, some more than once, and the most heard in recent years is "Abe worships ghosts."
Today, we will focus on this previously unknown Nogi Shrine.
Nogi Shrine is a shrine built in Japan specifically for the modern military man Nogi Nogi Nogi, located in Akasaka, Tokyo, and is dedicated to Nogi Kinori and his wife.
Born on November 11, 1849 in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, Nogi graduated from the Army Non-Commissioned Officer School in 1871 and served in the Army Unit and The General Staff.
Nogi was a major participant in the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, and during the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War from 1894 to 1895, Nogi Served as the commander of the infantry brigade.
In 1912, when Emperor Meiji of Japan died, Nogi Yoshinori committed suicide and martyrdom with his wife "in accordance with the Emperor's decree", so he was long worshipped as a "military god" by Japanese society before World War II.
During his lifetime, Nogi Loved to write poetry, and they were all Chinese poems. Mentioning his poem, the most reminiscent of and the most hated Chinese is this poem:
The fat horse knife has not yet been paid, and the emperor has bathed in the air for several spring and autumn.
Dou Dou poured out his drunken dreams and broke through the four hundred states of China.
This poem by Nogi Washine was written on October 9, 1894, during the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War. At that time, Nogi Washiori was the commander of the 1st Brigade and was about to be sent to China to fight. Nogi set out via Hiroshima, where Emperor Meiji summoned him to dine with other Japanese generals who were about to invade China.
Because Hiroshima was his last stop out of Japan, he was emotional. Before leaving, he handed over a Chinese poem and a Japanese song (traditional Japanese poetry) to Emperor Meiji. The waka will not be described too much here, and the Chinese poem is the poem mentioned above.
The poem expresses Nogi's ambition, "The fat horse and the big knife have not yet been paid, and the emperor has bathed in the air for several springs and autumns." This means his own feelings about not having been on the battlefield for many years; "Dou Hao poured out his drunken dreams and broke through the four hundred prefectures of China" was to express loyalty and determination to Emperor Meiji, and even more to regard the invasion of China as a good opportunity for his own meritorious achievements.
However, Nogi's so-called meritorious service was actually based on the invasion of China and the blood of the Chinese people on his hands.
The Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War is a history of humiliation and suffering in modern China. On July 25, 1894, the Japanese combined fleet launched a surprise attack on Chinese troop carriers and escort ships in the waters off Toshima, and on July 29, the mixed brigade of the Japanese Army's 5th Division also launched an attack on the Qing army Ye Zhichao' troops who had moved from Asan to Chenghuan, and the Qing army was defeated and retreated to Pyongyang.
The Qing army was caught off guard by the Japanese surprise attack, and the Japanese army quickly expanded its war advantage, seizing the city of Pyongyang on land and defeating the Beiyang Marine Division, which was then known as the first in Asia, at sea. The Qing Dynasty was full of the idea of "protecting ships and avoiding war", and easily ceded the power of the Yellow Sea to control the sea, and the Japanese army burned the war to China itself.
In late October 1894, the Japanese invading army began to attack China. When the First Army invaded Jiulian City and Dandong, the Second Army of Nogi Xidian also landed at the same time from the Garden Pass and attacked Dalian and Lushun from behind.
Nogi Washinori was then the commander of the First Brigade of the Second Army, and as the vanguard commander of this invading army, he led his troops to attack The Golden State. On November 6, the 1st Brigade, as the vanguard, occupied the county seat of Jinzhou and the Dalian Bay Fort, and then targeted Lushun.
Lushun is located at the southernmost tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, across the sea from Weihaiwei and at the gateway to the Bohai Sea. As an important town of beiyang marine division, Lushun was built by Li Hongzhang in 16 years and cost tens of millions of dollars, and the strength of docks, forts and military reserves was the first of the Beiyang Army, known as the "First Military Port in the Far East".
The strategic position of Lushun Port was very important to the Qing court, and the Qing army was equipped with 78 cannons such as cannons, howitzers, field artillery, mountain artillery and other cannons on the main peaks, and 15,000 defenders were equipped to garrison this strategic place.
However, at that time, the Qing Army was already extremely corrupt, and the Lushun defenders had a long-term situation of "eating empty pay", although there were 15,000 people, but 11,000 people were temporarily recruited, and only more than 3,000 people in the coastal fort were veterans. However, the Japanese army avoided the truth, attacked the west from the east, and chose the inland battery as the main direction of attack, which made the Lushun fortress, which was known as "can hold out for three years", like the "Maginot Line", become vulnerable.
Beginning in the early morning of November 21, the 1st Infantry Brigade of Nogi Khinori attacked the fortress of Lushun as one of the main forces, and at 3:30 p.m., the 3rd Brigade of the 15th Regiment of the 1st Infantry Brigade entered The city of Lushun as a vanguard.
After the Japanese army captured Lushun, the city was slaughtered for 4 days and 3 nights, the number of victims may reach 20,000, only 36 people buried survived, and after investigation, more than 800 survivors were killed, which is the Lushun Massacre that shocked the world.
The British Alan's "Under the Dragon Flag" and the American "New York World" reporter Klieman all recorded in detail the scene of the Japanese army's massacre of Lushun (because the scene is bloody, it is not detailed here), and even in the diaries of the Japanese soldiers involved in the battle, the blood and cruelty of the Lushun massacre are particularly clear.
Klieman also mentions Nogi's movements: "At about 5 o'clock, except for Nogi, who went to pursue the retreating enemy, the rest of the generals gathered at the training ground together with the army generals." The pursuit then turned into a one-sided slaughter, and Nogi Hidnori shot the Qing army in Tuchengzi, Sanli Fort, Da Mao Jia Zhi and other places, winning himself a battle.
Nogi is famous for writing poetry in Japan, but he does not say anything about the Lushun Massacre, because he does not want the world to know about the crimes of the Japanese army and tries to cover up the truth of the massacre.
On January 10, 1895, more than a month after the Lushun Massacre, Nogi Heidori led an army to capture Gaiping Castle, and in a good mood, he immediately created a poem: "Rare willows and no bamboo plums, Manchurian spring color and wonder!" There is still ice and snow under the Flying Cloud Village, when will the East Wind cross the sea? ”
Relying on his achievements in the Sino-Japanese War, Nogi Washiden was promoted from major general to lieutenant general and served as the commander of the Second Division. It can be said that the more Nogi Ishinori is promoted and happier, the deeper his crimes become, and the more suffering he brings to the Chinese.
In 1895, after the defeat of the Qing court in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War, a paper Maguan Treaty permanently ceded Taiwan and Penghu to Japan, the qing court's corrupt decision made the people of Taiwan extremely angry, Taiwan also became angry and self-reliant in this isolated situation, and established the "Taiwan Democracy State" on May 25, the twenty-first year of the Qing Dynasty (1895), in the early summer of the same year, the Japanese army landed in Aodi in northern Taiwan (now in Gongliao Township, Taipei County, Taiwan), and captured Tainan City in the late autumn of the same year, maintaining less than five months of "Taiwan Democracy" The official disintegration, at this point, only the Hakka army in the Liudui area in southern Taiwan was still negotiating with the Japanese army.
Inspector Tang Jingsong of Taiwan. Source/Network
On October 11, 1895, the 2nd Division of the Taiwan Expeditionary Force led by Nogi Xidian, with about 7930 men, marched from Fangliao landing to Donggang, until it passed through Jiayuan foot (present-day Jiadong Township, Pingtung County), encountered six piles of Hakka volunteers led by Xiao Guangming, the prime minister of Zuodui, and fought fiercely, this battle is also known as the "Battle of Buyuelou", the six piles of Hakka yi were finally defeated by the strong force of the Japanese army, and the lone army fought until the next day (October 12) ugly time, jiaping foot was captured, and the battle of Buyuelou finally ended. It was not until November 26 that the Battle of Liudui Hakka Troops lost the Battle of Huozhuang (present-day Changxing Village, Changzhi Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan) that the Taiwan people's anti-Japanese War of Yiwei also came to an end.
Nogi Nogi, who once again made "meritorious contributions" in the war, soon became the third governor of Taiwan as the commander of the "Southern Taiwan Garrison" and actively suppressed anti-Japanese forces during his term of office.
During this period, the Taiwanese ethnic minority Taroko raided the Japanese surveillance post, and then caused the Japanese army to successively requisition modern troops and warships, known in history as the "Taroko Incident".
In June 1896, the anti-Japanese army regained Yunlin, the morale of the anti-Japanese rebels in various places was greatly boosted, and the people revolted to attack the Japanese military and police. Unexpectedly, after the Japanese army gained a breather, it launched a retaliatory suppression of Yunlin - the "Yunlin Massacre", more than 4,900 households were victimized, and nearly 30,000 people died.
In the early days of Japan's occupation of Taiwan, Ke Tie in the middle of Taiwan Island, together with Jian Dashi in the north and Lin Shaomao in the south, was called the "Anti-Japanese Three Fierces", which caused a lot of trouble to the Japanese invaders, and it was not until the three people died one after another around 1900 that Japanese rule entered a relatively stable period.
In the face of Taiwan's ongoing resistance movement, Nogi Hirinawa urged the Governor-General's Office of Taiwan to promulgate the Three-Stage Security Law in June 1897, which divided the Taiwan region into three districts according to the degree of security: the first-class district was the mountainous area of Taiwan, where the terrain was complex, it was the most active area of the anti-Japanese armed forces, and it belonged to the "bad law and order" area, and the security in the area was responsible for the Taiwan Garrison Mixed Brigade specially set up by the Japanese Army; the second-class district was the area between the first-class district and the third-class district, and the Japanese Army gendarme was responsible for public security The third-class district is a Pingdi street village inhabited by Han chinese or Pingpu ethnic groups, which belongs to the "good public order" area, and the Japanese police are responsible for public security and security tasks.
At the same time, Nogi Xidian also tried to implement the "protection of the countryside" system, employing 756 Taiwanese in Yilan, Pulishe, and Taitung, hoping to carry out colonial rule through the way of "Taiwan-based Taiwan". Although this system was once shelved, it was later reformed by Nogi's successor, the fourth governor of Taiwan, Kodama Gentaro, and became the armor protection system that existed in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period.
During Nogi's tenure, the Governor General's Office of Taiwan also passed many important decisions, such as the Taiwan Opium Decree, which implemented the opium monopoly system, and the translation of Emperor Meiji's "Edict of Education" into Chinese and into the enslavement education of Taiwan. However, as a general who was keen to gain military achievements on the battlefield, Nogi Hidnori was not adapted to the shackles of Taiwan's bureaucracy, and after several conflicts with Japanese civilian officials stationed in Taiwan, in November 1897, Nogi Resigned as The Governor of Taiwan on the grounds of "memory decline", returned to China as the commander of the 11th Division, and then waited for the next opportunity to serve for Japan's invasion and expansion.
Finally, in 1904, when war broke out between Japan and Tsarist Russia in northeast China, Nogi Yoshinori served as the commander of the Third Army, once again coming to Lushun, which made him famous. But this time, in the face of the Lushun fortress that the Tsarist Russia had spent years reinforcing, his life would no longer be better.
There is a Chinese saying that "good is rewarded with good, and evil is rewarded with evil, it is not that there is no retribution, and the time has not yet come." Nogi Hidnori owes a blood debt to the people of Chinese, and sooner or later there will be a day of retribution.
During the Russo-Japanese War, Nogi Met the Tough Rival of Tsarist Russia. In order to capture Lushun, starting from August 1904, Nogi Hiden successively invested nearly 100,000 troops, which took 5 months and finally suffered more than 60,000 casualties before it was difficult to take this strategic fortress.
After World War II, some people in Japan paid attention to this battle, accusing him of sacrificing the lives of 60,000 soldiers in order to win the victory, and the result was quite tragic, he was a person who did not know how to be flexible, and would only rush hard. Lu Shun suddenly changed from the fame of Nogi Nogi to a shadow that he could not get rid of.
During the Russo-Japanese War, nogi's two sons, Nogi Katsunori and Nogi Hodanori, were killed one after another, giving Nogi a taste of grief at the loss of his loved ones. Nogi Also wrote two Chinese poems after the death of his two sons, which were clearly sad:
"Mountains and rivers, grass and trees turned to cool wind, ten miles of fishy wind new battlefield;
Zhengma did not speak, and the sun stood outside the city of Jinzhou. ”
Erling Mountain is difficult to climb, and the man's meritorious name is Kejian;
The iron blood covered the mountain and changed the shape of the mountain, and the ten thousand people looked up to the Erling Mountain.
After the russo-Japanese War, Nogi felt ashamed of the emperor and asked him to kill himself by cutting his abdomen, but the emperor did not allow it, but asked him to "die after the death", so he also waited until the emperor died before committing suicide.
In 1912, on the night of Emperor Meiji's funeral, Nogi Hidori committed suicide by cutting his abdomen, and the Japanese government not only held a high-standard funeral for him, but also renamed the area around Nogi's former residence "Nogisaka" to commemorate it.
In 1913, just one year after Nogi and his wife committed suicide by caesarean section, the Japanese began planning to build a shrine dedicated to Mr. and Mrs. Nogi. In 1923, the "Nogi Shrine", the main shrine of Nogi Nogi, was inaugurated and became one of the important symbols of Japanese militarism.
In 1945, Nogi Shrine was destroyed by air raids, but the Japanese quickly repaired or even expanded it.
Today, Nogi Shrine is open three times a year, and Japanese people sometimes hold a market in front of the shrine. This devil, whose hands were stained with the blood of the Chinese people, finally escaped the judgment of history, but the suffering of the Chinese nation should not be forgotten under any circumstances.