Sun En, the leader of the rebel army: a horned pirate character

Sun Eun (?) –402 CE), courtesy name Lingxiu, was a native of Langya Commandery (琅琊郡, in present-day Shandong), a Daoist priest of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the leader of the rebel army. The family lineage is Wudou Midao, which is the Yongjia Nandu clan. In the third year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (399 AD), an army rebelled against the Jin Dynasty, and the remnants were led by Sun En's brother-in-law Lu Xun, known as the "Rebellion of Sun Enlu Xun". In March of the first year of Yuan Xing (402), Sun En's attack on Linhai failed and he committed suicide by jumping into the sea. Sun En's rebellion at sea is known as the "beginning of the Central Plains Sea Kou", which provides experience for later generations of pirate activities. Later generations often called pirates Sun En, and Sun En became synonymous with pirates.

To be avenged

Sun En's uncle Sun Tai studied under Du Zigong (杜子恭) of Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and learned the secret arts. After Du Zigong's death, Sun Tai succeeded him as the head of the Wudoumi Daoist Sect, and the followers spread widely in the south, and once did things for Sima Daozi, the king of Huiji. In the second year of Long'an (398 AD), Sun Tai saw that the foreign clan had raised troops against the imperial court and felt that the Jin Dynasty would fall, so he planned to rebel. Hui Nei Shi Xie Revealed Sun Tai's conspiracy to rebel, and Sun Tai was killed by Sima Daozi. Sun En fled to the island (or present-day Zhoushan Islands) at this time. Sun Tai Yuzhong thought that Sun Tai was a "cicada degenerate dengxian" and went to the island to support Sun En, so Sun En gathered more than a hundred people and waited for an opportunity to take revenge.

Repeatedly attacked three Wu

In the third year of Long'an (399 AD), Sima Yuanxian sent a large number of people who had become tenants because the Three Wu Gate Valves were exempted from official slave status to Jiankang (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) to enrich the army, known as "Le genus". This provoked the anger and dissatisfaction of the local gatekeepers, and Sun En, taking advantage of the instability of the people's hearts, led the crowd to attack Shangyu (上虞, in present-day Shangyu, Zhejiang) and kill Shangyu County, and then conquered Huiji (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), killing Wang Ningzhi of Huijian Neishi, and Sun En's troops increased to tens of thousands. At that time, huijian county, Wu county, Wuxing county, Yixing county, Linhai county, Yongjia county, Dongyang county and Xin'an county all responded to Sun En's rebellion, and the three Wu eight counties rebelled for a while, and Sun En's army also increased to hundreds of thousands. At that time, most of the county officials were either killed or abandoned the county and fled, so Sun En, according to the Shouhui Audit, called himself a general of the Eastern Expedition, changed the title of his party to "Immortal Man", and declared that dissidents should be killed, even babies, so a large number of people died. Martial law was imposed inside and outside the imperial court, and The Xuzhou assassin Shi Xie Yan and the Zhenbei general Liu Gaozhi were sent to suppress it, and Sun En, in response to the response of the Eight Counties, had planned to capture Jiankang and overthrow the Eastern Jin Dynasty, knowing that Liu Gang's troops were approaching the Qiantang River, they planned to divide huijiao and use the Qiantang River to fight against the Eastern Jin Dynasty; soon after Liu Gangzhi crossed the river, Sun En was forced to lead more than 200,000 people he had captured to withdraw to the island. At that time, when Sun En fled, he deliberately left the treasure artifacts and young men and women along the way, in order to fight for the time that Liu Gaozhi's pursuers were scrambling to escape.

In May of the fourth year of Long'an (400 CE), Sun En led his troops to attack Huankou (浃口, in present-day Zhenhaikou), entered Yuyao, broke Shangyu, and arrived at Xingpu in the north of Shanyin County, where he was repulsed by Xie Yan's army Liu Xuanzhi and soon after repulsing, and approached Huiji, and Xie Yan, who was defending the city, went into battle but was killed in battle. Sun En and later turned to attack Linhai. Xie Yan's death in battle alarmed the imperial court, and huan bucai, Sun Wujie, and Gao Gaozhi's leaders were sent to suppress it. In November, Sun En defeated Gao Zhi in Yuyao, but Liu Yuzhi defeated Sun En, and Sun En fled to the island again.

Threaten Kyoshi

In February of the fifth year of Long'an (401 AD), Sun En led his people to land for the third time, attacked Huankou again, and attacked Juzhang, but could not capture and was attacked by Liu Gaozhi, so he withdrew to the island. In March, Sun En landed for the fourth time and turned to attack Haiyan, but the siege was repelled by Liu Yu during the day, and the attempted attack at night was defeated by Liu Yu's design, so Sun En turned to attack Hudu, which was defended by Yuan Shansong in Wu. In May, Sun En attacked Hudu and killed Yuan Shansong, and then entered Jingkou (present-day Zhenjiang) by sea, trying to take the Eastern Jin Dynasty capital Jiankang, Liu Yu chased Sun En to Dantu, with less victory, a large number of Sun En's troops fell into the sea or fell off a cliff, so that Sun En's ship and fled. However, Sun En, still proud of his large number of people, soon reorganized his forces and re-entered Jiankang, and Sima Yuanxian led his troops to resist the battle and was unfavorable. Sun En gradually approached, but at this time the imperial court was already ready for battle, and Sima Shangzhi, the assassin of Yuzhou, also entered the aid of Jiankang, and Sun En's attempt to take advantage of the false cover to attack Jiankang failed, so he retreated to Xinzhou and went north to Yuzhou. Sun En defeated Gao Yaozhi and captured him in Yuzhou, but after Liu Yu came to ask for it, Sun En's strength was greatly reduced after many battles, so he fled south along the coast. During the southern escape, Liu Yu continued to pursue, so he defeated Sun En again at Hudu, and Sun En fled into the sea again at Huankou.

At the end of one's resources

In March of the first year of Yuan Xing (402 AD), Huan Xuan destroyed the power of Sima Daozi's father and son and took charge of the imperial government, Sun En took advantage of the time to attack again, but when he attacked Linhai County, he was defeated by Taishou Xinxu, and Sun En's repeated invasion of the captured Sanwu Shimin was defeated by Liu Yuhe after the previous year's battle, and only a few thousand people remained. Sun En, fearing being captured by the imperial court, committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea, and hundreds of his concubines and followers who believed in him died with him, and Sun En was called "Narcissus" by his followers.

Disclaimer: The above content originates from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original author, if there is any infringement of your original copyright, please inform, we will delete the relevant content as soon as possible.

————————————————————————————————————————

【About Yang Daxia】

Chivalry and history will always be the lingering complex in Chinese's heart. Public number: Yang Daxia (yd_xia) long press can be copied.