In the third year of Chuping (192), emperor Xiandi of Han and Wenwu of the Manchu Dynasty in Chang'an experienced a "double heaven of ice and fire" in just over two months.
In April of that year, Wang Yun of Han Situ joined forces with Lü Bu and successfully assassinated Dong Zhuo. The thieves who had plagued Luoyang and Chang'an Erjing were killed when they first ascended to the throne, and the rest of the Liangzhou warlords also scattered like birds and beasts.
Just as Emperor Xian of Han and the Hundred Officials were congratulating each other, a scribe named Jia Xu (嘉榠) "heard that Chang'an was discussing the desire to do everything possible to curse the people of Liangzhou", so he persuaded Li Dai, Guo Feng, and others to counterattack Chang'an.
Above: Jia Xu (147–223)
In May of the same year, Li Dai, Guo Feng, Fan Chou and other Liangzhou military generals joined forces to defeat Lü Bu and kill Wang Yun, just as Dong Zhuo had done, and once again controlled the government with strong force.
Therefore, "the dai and others let the troops go to the old and the young, killed all the people, and the dead were in disrepair."
Seeing the Liangzhou warlords plundering, the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu was indignant. And because of the success of "Lü Bu stabbing Dong Zhuo", they planned to repeat the same trick and get rid of Li Dai and others with the strategy of "driving away the wolf and swallowing the tiger".
Unfortunately, the two "decapitation plans" jointly implemented by Hanchen and local border generals ended in failure.
Above_ Ma Teng(?) -212), zi shou cheng
First, xiliang ma teng's public call
Ma Teng and Han Sui, who are active in the Xiliang area, are a force that cannot be underestimated in the Liangzhou area. Therefore, after Dong Zhuo came to power, he also threw an "olive branch" to the two of them. At this time, when the world was in chaos, Ma Teng and Han Sui saw that Dong Zhuo was powerful and "also wanted to rely on Zhuo zhuo to raise troops."
Coincidentally, when Ma Teng and Han Sui first arrived in Chang'an, Dong Zhuo was assassinated. Ma Teng received an edict and went to Dong Zhuo's former lair, Guo County, while Han Sui was sent back to Liangzhou. Of course, the two did not run in vain.
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and The Biography of Ma Chao, "The Han Dynasty sent Sui as the general of Zhenxi, returned to Jincheng, and Made Teng a general of Zhenxi and sent TunGuo. ”
The Generals of the Four Expeditions, the Generals of the Four Towns, and the Generals of the Four Directions of the Han Dynasty were all heavy generals. It can be seen that the imperial court also made some efforts in order to win over Ma Teng and Han Sui.
In the first year of Xingping (194), Ma Teng had a big fight with Li Dai because of his personal affairs. Immediately, he mobilized his troops and horses and took the initiative to attack Chang'an.
Above_ Han Sui (?) –215), courtesy name Wenyue, was a native of Jincheng County, Liangzhou
According to the Later Han Shu Dong Zhuolie's biography, "Shi Teng privately asked for a dai, but was angry, so he joined forces with Ma Yu (侍郎中馬宇), the right lieutenant general Liu Fan (范), the former Liangzhou assassin Shi Zongshao , and The Middle Lang general Du Yu (杜禀) to attack dao. ”
In his absence, Han Sui had attacked and killed Ma Teng's wife and children, but the latter still "called him a brother and a brother". It can be seen that Ma Teng is not a personality, and he will definitely not do such an irrational thing for his own selfishness.
Coupled with the participation of the "royalist" Seed Shao, Liu Fan, Ma Yu and others, it is enough to show that the main reason for Ma Teng's confrontation with Li Dai was not a personal grudge, but an "Qinwang" action with the acquiescence of the imperial court.
Unfortunately, although Ma Teng had the help of Han Sui, Zong Shao and others, he was still invincible to the bravery of the Liangzhou Army.
After a confrontation, Ma Teng and Han Sui lost Xiliang, and Zong Shao, Liu Fan, and others, who were their internal responses, became victims of this "temptation".
Above_ Yang Feng(?) –197), a native of Yang County, Hedong County (present-day Hongdong County, Shanxi).
Second, Bai Bo Yang Feng's secret backstabbing
Compared with Ma Teng's "scrawled ending", Yang Feng's assassination of Li Dai is more like a "copy" of Lü Bu's assassination of Dong Zhuo.
According to the Later Han Dynasty, "Yang Qi, a servant of the Yellow Gate, Ding Chong and Zhong Xuan, Shangshu Zuo Luchong, and Shang Shulang Han Bin conspired with the general Yang Feng and the military official Yang Shuai to kill the dai, and they would use his deeds to condemn them, and they would return the generals to the government." ”
(Note: This assassination is also scattered in the "Biography of Dong Zhuo", "Biography of Zhong Xuan", and "Biography of Yang Qi" appended to the "Biography of Yang Zhen" in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "The Biography of Yang Zhuo", and the "Yang Shuai" is also referred to as "Song Ye" or "Song Guo".) )
Why did the "royalists" represented by Yang Qi and Zhong Xuan reach cooperation with Yang Feng, the White Polish Army?
This is actually a "two-way choice".
For Yang Feng, he was originally from the "Yellow Turban Yu Party", and later defected to Li Dai, which gave him a legal official identity. It can be seen that Yang Feng, like Lü Bu at that time, was eager for the promotion of political status.
Of course, the long-standing grudge between the Liangzhou Army and the Xiangzhou Army was also one of the main reasons why Yang Feng backstabbed Li Dai. This historical legacy once prompted Lü Bu's break with Dong Zhuo.
Above_ Dong Zhuo (?) –192), zi Zhongying
According to the Later Han Shu Dong Zhuo Lie Biography, "Dai and Feng killed Dong Zhuo with Wang Yun and Lü Bu, so they were angry and the people of the prefecture, and the people of the prefecture were hundreds of men and women in the army, and they were all killed." ”
Baibo Valley is located in Xihe County, Hezhou, and is based on Yang Feng, who was born in the Baibo Army, and is also a warlord of Hezhou.
And Li Dai's murder of the people of Hezhou not only made Yang Feng centrifuge with him, but also allowed the "royalists" to see the possibility of plotting against Yang Feng. What is more interesting is that Yang Feng, who is "brave and widowed", is as easy to drive as Lü Bu, who is "brave and unscrupulous".
As a result, an assassination plan against Li Dai gradually took shape. Unfortunately, Yang Feng did not act secretly, and this replica of the "Lü Bu stabbing Dong Zhuo" incident had not yet appeared, and he was stillborn.
Above_ Li Dai (?) —198)
Why did the two assassination attempts fail?
According to historical records, although Li Dai was suspicious, his wisdom and political skills were far inferior to Dong Zhuo's. If this is the case, why did Lü Bu stab Dong Zhuo to succeed in one blow, and Ma Teng and Yang Feng plotted against Li Dai, but instead failed one after another?
The first reason is that the mentality of the two has changed significantly.
Dong Zhuo moved the capital to Chang'an, echoing the crowd of Heroes in Guanzhong, and thinking that he had great power, it was inevitable that he would relax his vigilance; on the other hand, Li Dai played the "first strike to be strong" to the extreme.
Dong Zhuo was killed by Lü Bu's backstabbing, so after Li Dai captured Chang'an, he immediately killed a large number of Wu people in Hezhou; after Ma Teng's failed attack on Chang'an, Li Dai once again carried out a "purge" of the Liangzhou army, and Fan Cong, who was originally Dong Zhuo's subordinate, was killed by Li Dai because he had some personal relations with Han Sui.
Li Dai was so suspicious that it didn't happen overnight.
On the one hand, it is Dong Zhuo's "lesson from the past"; on the other hand, it is also because the Liangzhou Army has long been "fragmented", so that Li Dai always maintains a highly vigilant mentality.
Above_ Guo Feng (?) –197 CE), real name Guo Duo, was a native of Zhangye, Liangzhou (present-day Zhangye, Gansu).
Li Dai, Guo Feng, and Zhang Jiben are the parts of Niu Fu (Dong Zhuo's son-in-law), while Fan Chou, Li Meng, Yang Ding, and others are the direct descendants of Dong Zhuo. Therefore, after the "Niu Auxiliary Clan" headed by Li Dai came to power, they were always on the lookout for other Liangzhou military generals.
In other words, after experiencing mutual infighting within the Liangzhou Army, Li Dai did not have absolute trust in anyone, not even Guo Feng, who was in the same camp as him.
In the same way, although Ma Teng and Han Sui were also warlords of Western Liang, their relationship with Li Dai was not as good as that of Fan Chou and others; as for Yang Feng, who was a warrior of the prefecture, Li Dai was even more distrustful. If it were not for the fact that he was in urgent need of replenishment after the battle with Ma Teng, Yang Feng might not have been accepted by him.
In addition, the bravery of the Liangzhou Army (the warriors of the Frontier Expedition, all of whom have experienced hundreds of battles) and the innate advantage of the cavalry in the main battle (referring to the plains area that are conducive to the arbitrary galloping of the Liangzhou Iron Horse) are also one of the reasons why Li Dai was able to survive twice.
Above_ Map of Liangzhou
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Yan's biography, quoted in the "Hero's Record", "Fan from the Ma Teng camp where Chang'an died, and from Yan to seek soldiers. The lieutenant Sun Zhao, the lieutenant of Yan, sent his troops to help him, but was defeated at Chang'an. ”
One of Ma Teng's inner attendants in Chang'an, Liu Fan, was the eldest son of Liu Yan, the mu of Yizhou. After Ma Teng, Han Sui, and Zhao Shao joined forces, Liu Yan also sent troops to help.
However, these four armies of soldiers and horses added together were still not Li Dai's opponents. It shows that the combat effectiveness of the Liangzhou Army has far surpassed that of the ordinary army.
Because of this, the "royalists" would give up the head-on confrontation with Li Dai and change to backstabbing.
Li Dai was cunning and suspicious, and although "Lü Bu stabbed Dong Zhuo" and was perfectly "reproduced" by the "royalists", he still failed to succeed.
Author: Yingzhou Haike Correction/Editor: Lilith
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty, Essays on Characters of the Three Kingdoms
The text was created by the History University Hall team, and the picture originated from the Internet and the copyright belongs to the original author