Wu De, or Shang Wu Chongde, is the moral code and code of conduct for martial practitioners.
The development of Wude can be divided into four stages.
<h1>Budding stage of Wude</h1>
The origin of martial arts can be traced back to the three aspects of primitive human production labor, social activities and religious consciousness, of which production labor is the most important. Primitive people almost produced martial arts buds in the labor and struggle of hunting, resisting, resisting, fighting, and fighting, and also gave birth to martial virtue. Because primitive society belonged to the social system, human beings needed to live in peace, so the expression of martial virtue was still very vague.
<h1>The formation stage of Wude</h1>
There are two main characteristics here: one is the emergence of martial arts education; the other is the emergence of martial arts standards. After the emergence of private ownership, martial arts also stepped from the ranks of production into the field of social struggle, from labor skills to military means, and martial arts became a custom. Guo Moruo once wrote in the "Yin Qizhi Compilation" that "Ding Xibu, who called on many young men to submit their teachings." And explained: "Teaching is teaching, see The Sayings, the province of abstinence. The term "examination precept" may be a precept for martial arts teaching. "This may be the earliest martial arts education."
In the earlier Western Zhou schools in China, the "six arts" have become the main content of education, which shows that "etiquette" has become the moral code at that time.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a new pattern of advocating armament appeared. Han Fei advocated that "wende is not as good as martial arts" and "it is better to learn etiquette than to talk about martial arts". Later, the "civil and military divisions" appeared, and the samurai class appeared, followed by "rangers" and "swordsmen". Among them, "faith", "righteousness", and "courage" constitute its moral categories.
During this period, confucius, while teaching the "six arts", refined the standard of martial arts: "Zhi Dao, According to Virtue, According to Ren, And Yu Yi." For the first time, he connected the divine form, the inside and the outside, and the will between Tao, virtue, benevolence, and art. Later, Zuo Qiuming clearly stipulated the content of Wude in the "Twelve Years of Zuo Chuan Xuangong": "Wude has a death, and violence is prohibited, the army is prohibited, the baoda is guaranteed, the public is fixed, the people are safe, the people are harmonious, and the wealth is abundant." "This is the earliest martial arts standard with a clause in our country." It can be seen that at this time, Wude has basically formed.
<h1>Stage of Development of Wude</h1>
The development of Wude lies in feudal society. The feudal society that lasted for more than two thousand years revolved around maintaining and opposing the patriarchal hierarchy, accompanied by the development of martial arts in the Qin and Han dynasties. In the heyday of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the martial arts system began to be implemented, which effectively promoted the development of martial arts, and there were professional teachers of martial arts, which provided objective conditions for various sects to formulate standards for accepting disciples.
On this basis, during the two Song Dynasties, there were martial arts organizations that voluntarily combined with the people, and the folk practice of martial arts was very popular, and a number of national heroes and martial arts good men emerged to help the weak and the poor, punish corruption and eliminate evil. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, martial arts had been integrated, developed, and varied, and a complete system had been established, and wude had been injected with many new contents. For example, the "Ten Precepts of Shaolin Xiwu" is a typical one.
<h1>Wude improvement stage</h1>
After the founding of New China, martial arts have flourished, and wude has undergone new development and improvement. It is not only required that the practitioners inherit the fine traditions of the past and have a strong sense of national pride and self-esteem, but also develop Chinese martial arts, promote martial arts to the world, and have the world's first-class ideological and moral cultivation.
In 1987, the Chinese Academy of Wushu presided over the "National Wushu Academic Seminar" to discuss the issue of martial arts norms. The deputies held that there must be a moral code to be observed in martial arts sports, and they believed that the norms of martial arts should be summarized as eight words: "Shang Wu Reverence, Strengthening Physical Fitness."
This article is reprinted with permission from Chinese Wushu magazine
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Author: Cai Baozhong
Editor-in-Charge: Thirteen Easy