Zhu Kezhen is a well-known master of science, and his academic level and moral personality can be said to be so well-known that some people call him a "great man" and say that "Zhu Kezhen is the most admirable master among Chinese scientists in this century, and such a great figure has only seven or eight people in 100 years" (Collected Essays commemorating the 120th Anniversary of Mr. Zhu Kezhen's birth, Meteorological Publishing House, 2010, pp. 44-45).
At the beginning of 1936, the president of Zhejiang University was vacant. Someone recommended to Chiang Kai-shek that Zhu Kezhen take over. After interviewing Jiang, Zhu Kezhen considered it several times and agreed to take over. In the following thirteen years, Zhejiang University became one of the most famous universities in China, and also became a famous "fortress of democracy". During this time, he was lured into joining the Kuomintang and was later listed as a member of the Central Committee.
Near liberation, despite the favorable conditions offered by the Kuomintang, Zhu Kezhen eventually refused Chiang Kai-shek's invitation to Go to Taiwan. He sneaked to Shanghai and unexpectedly met Chiang Ching-kuo, who was directing the transportation of gold bars from the treasury to Taiwan. Chiang Ching-kuo, in the name of his father, asked him to hurry to Taiwan, but Zhu Kezhen was polite and polite.
On the third day of the liberation of Shanghai, Zhu Kezhen wrote in his diary: "When the People's Liberation Army came, the people looked forward to the clouds like a long drought, hoping to work hard to the end and not be corrupted like the Kuomintang. Science is extremely important for construction, and I hope that the Communist Party will attach importance to it. The subsequent reality did not disappoint Zhu Kezhen. As soon as he was liberated, he was promoted to a leadership position in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was then considered the highest organ of science in the country, and served as vice president in charge of natural sciences.
Chairman Mao talked with Zhu Kezhen and others, and the third from the left was Mr. Zhu Kezhen
Since he met Chairman Mao for the first time at the First Chinese Political Consultative Conference in September 1949, he has been received and entertained by Chairman Mao many times since then. The trust and respect of the central leadership and the party group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have enabled him to play an irreplaceable role in leading the reconstruction of a number of new research institutions. By the beginning of 1956, the number of research institutes had grown from 16 in the early days of the institute to 44. After the natural science award, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has emerged a number of theoretical research results with a considerable level. At the same time, Zhu Kezhen's scientific research career has entered a new period of prosperity. In practice, he realized that only under the leadership of the Communist Party of China can China's scientific cause have a brilliant and brilliant tomorrow.
On October 27, 1958, Zhu Kezhen accompanied Chairman Mao to visit the Exhibition of Scientific and Technological Achievements of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Zhongguancun. Zhu Kezhen recorded the process of the visit in his diary, underlining each line underneath. This is the only time in Zhu Kezhen's 38-year diary.
On the afternoon of January 21, 1961, four scientists of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including Zhu Kezhen, were invited to Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai to give scientific reports to Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, Liu Shaoqi and other central leaders. Zhu Kezhen lectures on biology, geology and agronomy. "The four scientists spoke for a total of four and a half hours. Mao Zedong proposed that in the future, such scientific reports could be organized twice a month, which would be beneficial to everyone. (The Chronicles of Mao Zedong (1949-1976), vol. II, p. 516).
Zhu Kezhen requested to join the Communist Party of China in June 1958, and officially joined the Communist Party of China in 1962.
After joining the party, Zhu Kezhen more consciously implemented the party's principles and policies in his work. After the central authorities put forward the general policy of the national economy based on agriculture, he took the lead in studying climatic issues closely related to agricultural production. In August 1963, during his cultivation in Qingdao, Zhu Kezhen wrote an article entitled "On Several Characteristics of China's Climate and Its Relationship with Grain Crop Production". Chairman Mao, who has always paid attention to science, read this article in the 274th issue of the internal journal "Scientific Research Dynamics" edited and printed by the State Science and Technology Commission, which immediately aroused interest. He decided to ask Zhu Kezhen to talk about this issue.
On February 6, 1964, Chairman Mao invited Zhu Kezhen, Li Siguang and Qian Xuesen to zhongnanhai Juxiang Bookstore to talk. One of the Juxiang Study Houses is Chairman Mao's bedroom and study. In addition to the bookcases in the house, the wide wooden bed is also surrounded by various books. Chairman Mao has long had the habit of reading books in bed, and the books on the bed are often the books that Chairman Mao is most concerned about. Chairman Mao could easily retrieve the books he needed from around the bed. Li Siguang, who participated in the conversation with Zhu Kezhen, later recalled: "The chairman is very knowledgeable, familiar with many scientific situations in ancient and modern China and abroad, and has a thorough understanding of scientific issues such as glaciers and climate. In his bedroom, even on his bed, there were many classics and scientific books, and they flipped through wherever they talked. The scope of the talk is very wide, the sky is north and south, and the sea is wide and the sky. ”
In addition to recording the conversation in his diary on that day, Zhu Kezhen mentioned the conversation in his diary the next day: "As can be seen from what was said yesterday, as can be seen: First, with regard to the eight-character constitution of agriculture, Chairman Mao believes that the eight-character constitution of 'water, fertilizer, soil, secret, security, seed, work, and management' still has shortcomings in taking care of agriculture, and that 'light and gas' (sunlight and climate) should be added. "After talking with Chairman Mao yesterday, I wrote a letter to his old man today and gave him a copy of "Fluctuations in the World's Climate in The Historical Epoch" and "Phenology" each, because his old man asked yesterday: 'What are your works?' Handed over to Shen Wenxiong (Zhu Kezhen's secretary) was sent by the hospital. ”
Zhu Kezhen was encouraged by this conversation. Chairman Mao's detailed inquiries about the situation of climate change and his concern for future climate development trends led Zhu Kezhen to devote himself to the study of historical climate change in the following years. He was determined to further collect data on the basis of past research, gather deep thinking from the past three or four decades, and further study the problem of historical climate change in China. It is also planned to include a focus on individual work in 1966. Based on the accumulation of relevant science in the past, with the general concern of all countries in the world about climate issues caused by climate anomalies at that time, and with chairman Mao's encouragement in this regard, it has become a natural thing that Zhu Kezhen's in-depth research in this field can achieve results that shock the academic circles at home and abroad.
On April 17, 1972, Zhu Kezhen made the final revision of the article "Preliminary Research on Climate Change in China in the Past 5,000 Years" and submitted it to the Journal of Archaeology for publication. In the months that followed, some more revisions were made during the proofreading process. On September 10, 1972, he wrote in his diary: "The climate change manuscript was repeated in the evening, for the last time, which can be called a life's work." Since then, 11 editions of the article have been published, and in addition to the several editions Chinese, there are English, German, French, Japanese, Arabic and World languages. This scientific paper, which is innovative in both ideas and methods, has caused great repercussions around the world as soon as it was published.
Zhu Kezhen began keeping diaries in 1917, but what has been preserved is the diary of the day before his death from 1936 to February 6, 1974 (some days are not recorded). This 38-year-long mental journey not only allows people to see a real and plump Zhu Kezhen, but also reflects the development process of Chinese politics, society and culture in a unique way.
In his diary, "Chairman Mao" is one of the most frequently used words. At any event in which Chairman Mao participated, he would write down in his diary what he had heard on the radio (both on television and on television), what he had conveyed at meetings, and what he had read in the newspapers. He has always insisted on studying Mao Zedong's works, and the experience of learning is also one of the contents of his diary. For example, in his diary of the three days of May 8, 9 and 10, 1958, there is a record of his study of Chairman Mao's "On Protracted War." In the course of his studies, he was particularly touched by Chairman Mao's expositions on "politics is a bloodless war" and "war can only be won by relying on political mobilization."
In his later years, Zhu Kezhen had more and more respect for Chairman Mao. He deeply felt the tremendous progress made by New China and believed that this achievement was due to chairman Mao's leadership. Although he saw or heard about the material shortage in urban and rural areas at that time, and also learned about some of the civil unrest that occurred during the Cultural Revolution, he recorded them in his diary. But overall, he was convinced that the situation was good. This aspect comes from his personal experience of the two Chinas, old and new. For example, on March 7, 1970, his 80th birthday, he wrote in his diary about six of his brothers and sisters, four of whom died before the old society was 40 years old, and he and a sister lived to the age of 80, saying that "this is the gift of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party's health policy of 'prevention is more important than governance.'" Domestic plague, typhoid fever, smallpox and other diseases are almost extinct, which must be a major event in the world. He also compared the supply of goods with the Soviet Union at that time and felt that "we are also much happier, just for the sake of welfare." On the other hand, he also deeply felt this from the reactions of overseas visitors (sometimes the Chinese Academy of Sciences receives 11 groups of visiting foreign guests a month). For example, in his diary of December 4, 1972, he mentioned that Nobel laureate Lee Zheng-do felt the great change in the country after returning to China; in the diary of October 17, 1973, he wrote that Wu Jianxiong, a Chinese-American female scientist, "has the strongest impression of everyone striving to be strong after arriving in the motherland"; on June 16, the Chinese-American scholars tour group "felt honored" and "proud" that China was becoming stronger and stronger, and "We fired the atomic bomb, and the Americans felt that Chinese really remarkable"; on July 24, British Chinese scholars "It is said that the changes in the countryside are amazing, because there are electric lights in the poor and remote areas of the people's communes", and so on.
Modern Chinese Scientists (First Group), Photocopy Edition, Full Set of Pieces 4, Full Set of Face Value 0.68 Yuan, Issuing Agency Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Zhi No. J149, Full Page Number 50 (5×10), Full Set Price of 0.68 Yuan, Printing Agency Beijing Stamp Factory, Designer Zou Jianjun, Issue Date, April 28, 1988, 4-1 Geologist Li Siguang, 4-2 Meteorologist and Geographer Zhu Kezhen, 4-3 Physicist Wu Youxun, 4-4 Mathematician Hua Luogeng. It can be seen from this that Zhu Kezhen's academic status and contribution.
More importantly, he has been associated with science all his life and strongly felt the brilliant achievements of new China's scientific and technological undertakings. He wrote in his diary dated 9 February 1968: "... In the past eighteen years, under the wise leadership of Chairman Mao and the unprecedented speed of scientific and technological progress, we are very different from before liberation; now we can make the instruments we need, we can train high-level scientific and technological talents, we can have the confidence to solve all difficult problems, and science has truly taken root in our country.