As history unfolds, this picture scroll in Guizhou presents the accumulation of past background colors. From 1919 to 1949, those Guizhou people who marched toward the light of thought and followed the footsteps of ideals in that era, those who were still prophets and foresights in that era and even today cared about Guizhou, and the stories of interaction with Guizhou people are undoubtedly the thick background of Guizhou's picture. Dynamic and static for everyone to select the articles in Song Hongxian's book "Modern Celebrities and Guizhou", telling some of the deceased people like that, telling some of the old things like that, tracing the past, inspiring the present.
Style lives on in the world
——Zhu Kezhen in Zunyi Zhejiang University
Mr. Zhu Kezhen is a famous modern scientist, the founder of China's geography and meteorology, and a famous educator in modern China. His contributions to the Chinese people are manifold. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhejiang University was relocated from the coast to Zunyi, Guizhou, and during this time, Zhu Kezhen, who was the president of Zhejiang University, focused his main energy on the construction and management of Zhejiang University, so that the teaching order of Zhejiang University in the war was orderly, and a large number of useful talents were sent to the motherland. Zhu Kezhen left people with the style of an educator in this life, and many touching deeds still haunt the hearts of the educated.
First, the "three Gu Maolu" use talents
In July 1940, zhejiang university students joined forces and expelled Jiang Qi, the reactionary training chief, the eagle dog planted by the Kuomintang government at Zhejiang University. Zhejiang University did not have a discipline chief for a while. In order to prevent the Kuomintang government from reassigning personnel to this important post as soon as possible according to the usual practice, Zhu Kezhen decided to appoint Professor Fei Gong, who had revolutionary democratic ideas, to this post (Fei Gong was later brutally killed in the heroic struggle against the kuomintang reactionary government, and the Chinese Communist Party posthumously recognized him as a revolutionary martyr). His decision was very bold, because it was unprecedented for a non-partisan democracy professor to serve as the head of zhejiang university. After Zhu Kezhen made up his mind, he talked to Fei Gong many times, and each time he always talked about the late night. He hoped that Fei Gong, who was unwilling to be an "official," would consider the overall situation and the needs of teachers and students. Zhu Kezhen's spirit touched the teachers and students of Zhejiang, and for a while the campus spread the good story of President Zhu "Three Gu Maolu" inviting Fei Gong, and the teachers and students came to Fei Gong's dormitory and asked Fei Gong to come out and take up his post. At the request of the principal, colleagues and students, Fei Gong finally agreed to serve as the chief of discipline. Fei Gong said in his "Inauguration Declaration", "After Mr. Jiang decided to leave the school, the principal personally came to me and asked me to come out and maintain it. My first thought was not to agree, not to do it, how high it was to be a professor, why should I do such thankless things, and let people misunderstand my enthusiasm, wouldn't it be wronged? So I didn't say yes at the time. However, the sincerity of the principal also touched me..." Fei Gong did not live up to the hopes of Zhu Kezhen and the teachers and students, and during his tenure, he took the salary of the chief instructor to improve the lives of the students, did a lot of good things for the teachers and students, and was unanimously praised by the people.
Zhu Kezhen's use of Fei Gong in "Three Gu Maolu" is indeed rare among the presidents of old universities. This incident can be described as a reflection of Zhu Kezhen's "seeking truth" style of running a school.
Second, pain in exchange for true love
Zhu Kezhen's care for teachers was famous, and many teachers who taught at Zunyi Zhejiang University at that time were cared for by him. During the war, the people's livelihood in the Kuomintang area was increasingly difficult, and the life of university teachers was also very difficult. Under the possible conditions, Zhu Kezhen tried to find ways to make the teachers' lives a little better. Among Zhu Kezhen's deeds of caring for teachers, the most touching thing is his help to Mr. Huang Yi.
Mr. Huang Yi is a middle-aged psychology professor with expertise and a sense of justice. Unfortunately, he suffered from stomach cancer in a life of upheaval and displacement. Before the diagnosis was confirmed, Zhu Kezhen often visited him, comforted him, and in addition to his salary, he also gave the Huangyi family a living allowance and sent someone to take special care. When Huang Yi was found to have stomach cancer by the hospital, he ran to various hospitals in Zunyi and sent letters to friends in the domestic medical community to "try to find famous doctors and new drugs." When Huang Yi's illness was getting deeper, Zhu Kezhen "went to a professor in the United States several times, hoping to get a new special drug, but there was no response." He worked hard for Yellow Wing's illness.
Zhu Kezhen was loved by Zhejiang masters and intellectuals, and it was inseparable from his "small things" for teachers.
3. Support students' progress activities
Zhu Kezhen is a scientist who loves the motherland, has a strong sense of justice and a view of right and wrong. In the political environment of the time, this intellectual, who had hoped to save the country through education, was shaken. During his work at Zhejiang University, out of his love for the school he had painstakingly coagulated and his concern for teachers and students, he actively supported progressive teachers and students to participate in the anti-Japanese rescue activities, and resolutely resisted the persecution of Fei Gong and other progressive teachers and students by the kuomintang reactionary rulers.
On January 16, 1942, students of Zhejiang University gathered in Zunyi to prepare for a large-scale demonstration to oppose kuomintang chief executive Kong Xiangxi sending a special plane to Hong Kong to pick up his wife and foreign dogs, while ignoring the fact that a large number of famous patriots had fallen into enemy-occupied areas. Zhu Kezhen learned from a former student that Chiang Kai-shek had ordered the local military and police to prepare for a bloody crackdown. In order to avoid persecution of teachers and students, he immediately went to dissuade them. However, among the students, they were touched by the students' sense of justice, and not only resolutely participated in the parade themselves, but also invited dozens of professors and celebrities such as Cai Banghua, Su Buqing, Chen Jiangong, Wang Ganchang, and Pei Shizhang to participate in the parade. Experts from the China Sericulture Research Institute and the Central Breeding Farm, which moved to Zunyi at that time, also participated in the parade. They held small flags in their hands and marched forward with the students. At that time, due to Zhu Kezhen's leadership, the teachers, students and staff of the headquarters of Zunyi Zhejiang University almost poured out of the school. The Kuomintang military and police, fearful of the participation of a large number of celebrities, did not dare to shoot and suppress it. Afterwards, the reactionary military and police arrested several students, and Zhu Kezhen ran around again, forcing the reactionary authorities to release the students, effectively protecting the patriotic and progressive activities of the progressive students.
During the Zunyi period, progressive students at Zhejiang University were arrested almost every year, and Zhu Kezhen took the initiative to rescue them every time and often visited students in prison. The Kuomintang agents repeatedly tried to get rid of Zhu Kezhen, but they did not dare to do so for fear of his prestige and wide influence in society. Not afraid of rape and violence, regardless of personal safety, often sacrificed their lives to protect progressive teachers and students, which is rare among university presidents during the Kuomintang rule.
Zhu Kezhen's patriotic action of sympathizing with and caring for progressive students is also reflected in his strong support for the "Zhejiang Great Ground Service Group" organized by students. In 1944, after the "Qiannan Incident", the situation in Guizhou was once very tense. The anti-Japanese passion hidden among the teachers and students of Zhejiang University rose rapidly. In December of the same year, Zhu Kezhen held an emergency meeting of the backbone of the students and proposed to organize a wartime service group to go to the Qiannan front to carry out activities such as anti-Japanese propaganda and condolences to soldiers. Before the departure of the field service group of Zhejiang University, drills such as ambulance, service, and singing practice were conducted. Professor Wang Zunsheng of Zhejiang University was also invited to compose lyrics and Professor Shen Siyan composed music, and composed the "Song of the Field Service Regiment of Zhejiang University". The words are:
Field service goes with the army, goes with the army,
Bring everyone's salute to the soldiers on the front line,
Dedicate our blood to the soldiers on the front line,
Hand the soul of the motherland to the soldiers at the front.
The merit of killing the enemy in the number of brothers on the front line,
The brethren who march forward drum up the spirit of victory,
The brethren on the front line preach the national soul of China.
More than 60 people in the whole regiment embarked on the road to the front line under the farewell of Zhejiang masters and students and the masses of Zunyi Meitan. Before leaving, Zhu Kezhen personally gave the students the regimental flag with the words "National Zhejiang University Field Service Regiment" and the school emblem. He expressed the feelings of patriotic and progressive intellectuals who loved the motherland and loved young students.
Fourth, practice education in person
As the head of a school, Zhu Kezhen did not use his power for personal gain, but was strict with himself and influenced Zhejiang masters and students with the style of an upright intellectual. The school equipped Zhu Kezhen with a car, but he never rode in Chongqing except for meetings, let alone used the car to do private affairs for himself. A few years after the establishment of Zunyi and Meitan, the agricultural and animal husbandry products of Zhejiang University Agricultural College were gradually enriched, such as milk, butter, chicken and duck, eggs, fruits, flowers and so on, but Zhu Kezhen definitely did not take it in vain, nor did he take agricultural and animal husbandry products as public property gifts.
In terms of abiding by school discipline, Zhu Kezhen is a model for teachers, students and staff, and Zhan Ying, who used to teach at Zunyi Zhejiang University, has this account in his autobiography: At the end of 1940, he was introduced by a friend to Zunyi Zhejiang University as a lecturer in the Department of Chinese. When he arrived at Zhejiang University, it happened to be the Chinese New Year's Eve of the lunar calendar. The next morning, the head of the Chinese department wanted to take him to see President Zhu Kezhen, who he thought would not go to work on the morning of the first day of the New Year. The two came to the school office building, and sure enough, it was cold and cold, until they walked into the principal's office, and he saw "Principal Zhu working there alone." At that time, his heart was very warm, "a university president actually received such a fledgling young man on the morning of the festival." This incident deeply impressed Zhan Ying and made him never forget it.
Mr. Zhu Kezhen is such an educator who is strict with himself and devotes his body and mind to the cause of education.
Fifth, fruitful scientific research results
As a top scientist, Zhu Kezhen paid great attention to and devoted himself to scientific research during his years at Zunyi Zhejiang University.
At the headquarters of Zhejiang University, Zhu Kezhen has made many academic reports to students, such as "The Formation of the Earth", "Climate Change in Geological Age and Historical Era", "Soil and Water Conservation, The Relationship between Ecological Balance and Agriculture", "The Impact of Soil, Sunlight, and the Environment on Agriculture" and so on. During the Mid-Autumn Festival of 1942, Zhu Kezhen gave an academic report on "Zhejiang Tide and Mid-Autumn Moon" in Zunyi. Mao Yisheng, a bridge expert who came from Guiyang on a special trip, applauded the report loudly after listening to the report, and he said to Zhu Kezhen: "If I hear your report before building the Qiantang River Bridge, the bridge can be completed at least three months in advance, and I will have the opportunity to build bridges for the country in the future, and I will definitely hire Dr. Zhu as my senior counselor." ”
During this period, Zhu Kezhen published a famous paper entitled "The Time and Place of the Origin of the Twenty-Eight Houses", which caused strong repercussions in the academic circles at home and abroad, calling it a major contribution to the study of Chinese astronomical history. At that time, the famous British historian of science and technology Joseph Needham gave high praise to the article and recommended it to the British and Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences. He also included the article in the "History of Chinese Science and Technology" written by himself.
Zhu Kezhen's scientific research work during this period further laid a solid foundation for his future scientific and technological contributions.
6. Founder of Meteorological Undertakings in Guizhou
On the eve of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhu Kezhen, who was working at the Central Meteorological Research Institute, contacted Guizhou and sent people to Guiyang with meteorological observation equipment to prepare for the establishment of the Guiyang Weather Observatory. People came to rent houses outside the north gate of Guiyang and equipped observation instruments in the small courtyard, and since then, Guiyang has had a meteorological career. In 1936, Zhu Kezhen personally selected Li Liangqi, a graduate of the Department of Geosciences of Tsinghua University in Guizhou, to return to Guiyang to serve as the director of the institute. On New Year's Day 1937, Zhu Kezhen negotiated with the Guizhou Provincial Government to change the Guiyang Weather Observatory into the Meteorological Institute of the Provincial Government Construction Department, and the director was still Li Liangqi. All the equipment used in the newly established meteorological system is ordered from abroad by the Central Meteorological Institute.
After the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhejiang University moved to Zunyi, Guizhou. In order to provide students with internships, Zhu Kezhen overcame various difficulties and allocated special funds to set up a meteorological weather observatory in the zunyi old city school site. It not only facilitates students' learning, but also provides meteorological services for Zunyi Mountain City, which plays the role of Zunyi Meteorological Station.
Zhu Kezhen has trained many outstanding meteorologists at Zhejiang University, and after graduation, some of them went to the interior or coast, and some stayed in Guiyang or Zunyi, laying a talent foundation for the development of Guizhou's meteorological undertakings.
About the Author:
Song Hongxian, born in 1954, has served as the executive director of the Guizhou Provincial Historical Society, the vice president of the Guizhou Modern and Contemporary History Research Association, and the member of the Guizhou Writers Association. He is currently the editor-in-chief of Book, Painting and Printing magazine, and a special researcher of guizhou Provincial Museum of Culture and History. He has published hundreds of articles in literature and history and other articles, and has written 7 books. The article has won the first prize of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Central Party School, the National Lecturers Group Excellent Paper Award and other awards.
(Source: Guizhou Provincial Museum of Culture and History)