The "Zuo Chuan" was originally named "Zuo Shi Chunqiu", and the Han Dynasty changed its name to "Spring and Autumn Zuo Shi Zhuan", referred to as "Zuo Chuan". The book is about 180,000 words, recording the history of 12 generations of monarchs and 254 years from the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the 27th year of the Duke of Lu'ai (468 BC).
<h1>Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan (Hidden Year AD).</h1>
【Original】
At the beginning, Zheng Wugong married Shen, Wu Jiang, Shengzhuang Gong and Gong (gōng) uncle Duan. Zhuang Gongyu (wù)【通. 啎wǔ] born, shocked by the Jiang clan, hence the name 寤生, 遂 evil (wù) zhi. Gōng (gōng) uncle Duan, want to establish it. Qì please Yu Wu Gong, Gong Fu (fú) Xu.
and the Zhuang Gong (jí) position, please make it for it. Gong Yue: "System, Yan Yi ye, Guó Uncle Died." Tuo (tā) [Tong. He is destined. "Please Beijing, make the dwelling, call the capital city big [Tong. Uncle. Zhài Zhongyue: "The capital city is over a hundred pheasants, and the harm of the country is also." The system of the first kings: most of them are only one of the three kingdoms, one of the five, and one of the small nine. If the present capital is not moderate, the non-system is also not controlled, and the king will be overwhelmed. Gong Yue: "Jiang Clan desires it, and it is harmful to avoid bì?" "Jiang Shi He is tired of [Tong Yu yàn]! It is better to do it early, there is no way to make the vine, and the vine is difficult to figure out. The vines are still incorrigible, and the favor of the king is brother! "Many unrighteous deeds will kill themselves, and the children will treat them." ”
Even if the uncle ordered the West to despise the North and despise himself. Gongzi Lü Yue: "The country is overwhelmed, what will the king do?" If you want to do something with your uncle, please do something with it, and if you want to do it, please get rid of it. Nothing is born of the hearts of the people. Gong Yue: "Nothing, will be self-contained." ”
The uncle also accepted the second as his own, as for the lǐn extension. Zi Feng said: "But the thick will be multiplied." Gong Yue: "Unrighteousness is not ambiguous (nickname), and thickness will collapse." ”
The uncle is completed, the armored soldiers, and the shèng will attack Zheng. Madame will enlighten. The public heard about it, and said: "Yes! "Destiny seals the shuai car two hundred times to vajing." Jing rebelled against the uncle Duan, Duan into Yan, and publicly cut down ZhuYan (yān). May is ugly, uncle out of the communist [old reading geōng].
The book says: "Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan." "Duan Bu Di [Tong Ti tì], so he does not speak of his brother; such as Erjun, so yue ke; called Zheng Bo, ridiculed the uneducated; called Zheng Zhi." It is difficult to run without saying.
Sui Huan (Tong) Jiang Clan Yu Chengying, and the oath is known: "Not as good as Huang Quan, no meeting also." "Repent of it.
Uncle Yingkao is a fengren of Yinggu, smells it, has a sacrifice to the public, gives food to the public, and eats meat. The public asked, "The little man has a mother, and all of them taste the food of the little man, and they have not tasted the soup of the king, please leave it (wèi). Gong Yue: "Er has a mother's will, and I have no yī!" Uncle Yingkao said, "Dare to ask what is also?" "The common saying [pronounced yù here] is the reason, and the confession is repentant." Right: "Why is the king afflicted?" If the que [digs] the earth and the spring, and the tunnel meets each other, who knows otherwise? "Obey it. Public entry and endowment: "In the great tunnel, the joy is also melted!" Ginger came out and endowed: "Outside of the great tunnel, qile is also leaked (yì)." "So the mother and child are as they were.
Junzi Yue: "Uncle Ying kao, pure filial piety, love his mother, Shi and Zhuang Gong." The Poem says: "Filial piety is not kuì, Yongxi [Tongzhi] Er class. What does it mean? ”
【Notes】
(1) Selected from "Zuo Chuan Yin A.D. Year". Zheng Bo refers to Zheng Zhuanggong. Zheng belonged to the Earl, so he was called Zheng Bo. Zheng, the name of the country in the Spring and Autumn Period, surnamed Ji, in the area of present-day Xinzheng County, Henan Province. Grams, victory. Duan, brother of Duke Zhengzhuang. Yan (yān), a place name for Zheng, was in the territory of present-day Yanling County, Henan Province.
(2) [Chu] The beginning. The "Zuo Biao" recounts the previous events and often uses this word, which refers to Zheng Boke duan before Yan.
(3) [Duke Wu of Zheng] was the son of Duke Huan of Zheng and the second monarch of the State of Zheng.
(4) [Marry Yu Shen] Marry a wife from Shen Guo. Shen, the name of the country in the Spring and Autumn Period, surnamed Jiang, was in the north of present-day Nanyang City, Henan Province. Later, it was destroyed by Chu.
(5) [Wu Jiang] is called Wu Jiang. Wu Jiang, the wife of Zheng Wugong, "Jiang" is her maiden name, and "Wu" is the nickname of her husband Wu Gong.
(6) (6) [Gong (gōng) Uncle Duan] Zheng Zhuanggong's younger brother, mingduan. He was young among his brothers, hence the name "Uncle Duan". After the defeat, he went out of the communists, so it was also called "gongshu duan". Gong, the name of the country in the Spring and Autumn Period, in present-day Hui County, Henan Province. Uncle, the last brother in line.
(7) [寤生] A type of dystocia, the foot of the fetus comes out. 寤, pass "啎", reverse, upside down.
(8) [of wù] therefore disgusted him. Thus, the conjunction, thus. Evil, disgust.
(9) [Qì) Please Yu Wugong] repeatedly requested Wu Gong. Urgently, repeatedly. Yu, preposition, toward.
(10) [GongFu Xu] Wu Gong did not agree to her. F, no.
(11) [and Duke Zhuang ascended the throne] When Duke Zhuang became the monarch. And, prepositions, to. On the throne, the monarch ascends to the throne.
(12) [System] the place name, or Tiger Prison, in the northwest of present-day Xing (xíng) Yang County, Henan Province.
(13) [Yanyi] dangerous towns. Rock, dangerous. Yi, a place where people live.
(14) [Guó's uncle died] The monarch of the Eastern Kingdom died there. 虢, referring to Dong Yu, the name of the ancient country, was destroyed by the Zheng Kingdom. 焉, equivalent to "thus" and "here".
(15) Elsewhere, do as you please. Tuo, with "he", indicative pronouns, others, in addition. Obey only your orders.
(16) [Jing] place name, in the southeast of present-day Xingyang County, Henan Province.
(17) (one of the participating countries) One-third of the capital, cf. the same three.
(18) (陳(zhài) Zhong) Zheng Guo's doctor.
(19) [Capital City] The walls of the capital.
(20) [雉 (zhì)] The ancient city wall was three zhang long and one zhang high was "one pheasant".
21 [country] countries.
22 [system] system.
23 [Most of them are only one of the participating states] A large city cannot exceed one-third of the capital. Reference, the same as "three" (because of the traditional character as "three"). country, capital.
24 [Not degree] is not in line with the system.
25 [Non-system] is not a (king's) system.
26 [Unbearable] can't stand it, can't control the meaning,
【Translation】
Once upon a time, Zheng Wugong married the daughter of Shen Guojun, named Wu Jiang, and she gave birth to Duke Zhuang and Gong Uncle Duan. When Duke Zhuang was born, he had difficulty giving birth, and Wu Jiang was frightened, so he named him "寤生", and has hated him ever since. Wu Jiang favored GongShu Duan and wanted to establish Gong Shu Duan as his son, and repeatedly asked Duke Wu, but Duke Wu did not agree.
When Duke Zhuang ascended the throne, Wu Jiang requested that the seal be divided on behalf of Gong Shu Duan. Zhuang Gong said, "Zhiyi is a dangerous place, uncle Yu died there in the past, if it is sealed to other cities, I can do as I told." Wu Jiang then asked to be given to uncle Jingyi, and Duke Zhuang agreed, allowing him to live there, calling him Uncle Jingcheng.
Dafu Saiduchin said, "If the walls of the divided capital city exceed three hundred square meters long, it will become a scourge to the country." The system of the first kings stipulated that the largest city in the country could not exceed one-third of the capital, the medium could not exceed one-fifth of it, and the small one could not exceed one-quarter of it. Now, the walls of Gyeongeup are illegal, do not conform to the rule of law, and you will not be able to control them. Zhuang Gong said, "Jiang Clan wants this, how can I avoid this scourge?" Matsuri replied, "When is the Jiang Clan satisfied?" It is better to deal with it as soon as possible, and do not let the root of the curse grow and spread, as soon as it grows and spreads, it will be difficult to deal with. The spreading weeds are still hard to eradicate, let alone your pampered brother? Zhuang Gong said, "If you do more unrighteous things, you will surely kill yourself, so you just have to wait." ”
Soon after, Uncle Duan made the western and northern borders that originally belonged to the State of Zheng secretly under his control. Gongzi Lu said: "One country cannot stand the rule of two monarchs, what are you going to do now?" If you intend to give Zheng Guo to your uncle, then I ask to serve him; if not, then please get rid of him, so as not to make the people suspicious. Zhuang Gong said, "Leave him alone, he himself will be harmed." ”
Uncle Tai changed the two places to the places under his own jurisdiction, all the way to Liuyan. Zi Feng said, "You can act!" The land is expanded, and he will have the support of more ordinary people. Zhuang Gong said: "Unrighteous to the monarch, unkind to the brother, although the land has expanded, it will eventually collapse." ”
Gongshu Duan repaired the city, gathered the people, prepared sufficient food, repaired armor and weapons, and prepared infantry and chariots to attack. Zheng Guodu. Wu Jiang was ready to make an internal response for Gongshu Duan to open the city gate. Duke Zhuang knew the date of GongShu Duan's sneak attack on Zheng and said, "You can attack!" So he ordered Zi Feng to lead two hundred chariots to attack Jingyi. The people of Jingyi betrayed Gongshu Duan, and Gongshu Duan fled to Yancheng. Duke Zhuang chased him to Yancheng again. On May 23, Gongshu Duan fled to Gongguo.
The Spring and Autumn Chronicle records: "Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan. This means that Gongshu Duan does not abide by his duty to be a younger brother, so he does not say that he is a younger brother; the brothers fight like two monarchs, so they use the word "Ke"; calling Zhuang Gong "Zheng Bo" (meaning "big brother" is to ridicule his uneducated brother; driving away Gong Shu Duan is out of Zheng Zhuang Gong's original intention, not writing Gong Shu Duan automatically running away, implicitly accusing Zheng Bo of forcing Gong Shu Duan to leave.
Duke Zhuang placed Wu Jiang in chengying and swore, "Don't meet again until Huangquan (buried in the ground after death)!" After some time, Duke Zhuang regretted it. There was an official named Yingkao Uncle, who was an official in charge of the border of Yinggu, and when he heard about this, he specially offered tribute to Zheng Zhuanggong. Duke Zhuang gave him food. Uncle Yingkao kept the meat while eating. Zhuang Gong asked him why he was like this. Uncle Yingkao replied, "The little man has a mother, and she has eaten everything I eat, but she has never eaten the king's meat soup, please let me take it back and give it to her." Zhuang Gong said, "You have an old woman who can be honored, alas, but I don't have one!" Uncle Yingkao said, "Why do you say that?" Zhuang Gong told him the reason, and also told Uncle Yingkao how he regretted it. Uncle Yingkao replied, "What are your worries?" Just dig out the spring, dig a tunnel, and meet there, then who can you break your oath (not in accordance with the oath)? Zhuang Gong followed his words. Zhuang Gong went into the tunnel to see Wu Jiang and said, "How happy to meet in the big tunnel!" Wu Jiang walked out of the tunnel and fushi said, "How comfortable and happy to see each other outside the big tunnel!" So Jiang and Zhuang Gong as mothers and sons as before (that is, restored mother-child relationship).
The gentleman said: "Uncle Yingkao is a true filial piety, he not only filial piety to his mother, but also promote this filial piety to Zheng Bo. The Book of Poetry says, "Filial piety is constantly practicing filial piety, and will always be able to impress your kind." Maybe it was said to a filial piety like Uncle Yingkao, right? ”
【Reading】
This article is a fragment of the chronicle "Zuo Biao", but it is like a complete and beautiful narrative essay. The article presents the historical event of "Zheng Boke Duan Yuyan" that occurred more than 2,700 years ago before our eyes concretely and perceptibly, making us feel as if we have really entered the time tunnel and listening to the historical old man face to face to tell the origin, occurrence, development and final outcome of this event. Thus, not only let us understand the true situation of this historical event, but also let us see the inner world of the relevant characters, and then feel the sharpness and cruelty of the struggle for power within the supreme ruler of the Zheng Kingdom.
There are many reasons why this article can have such an artistic effect, but the main reason is to describe the method. This article does not record the development process of the event in a flat and straightforward way, but firmly grasps the development logic of the personality of the relevant characters and their words and deeds to carry out the account. In this way, we not only clearly see that it is the inherent personality of the relevant characters that determine the development and ending of the event; at the same time, we can see more clearly the inherent personality of the relevant characters in the development and ending of the event.
Through this article, we can also deeply understand a general writing feature of the "Zuo Zhuan", that is, there is no praise word, nor a derogatory word, but the praise and depreciation from it. This technique is also the method used in the book "Spring and Autumn". That is, the "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" that was often said later. That is, as we call Zheng Zhuang Gong Yin sinister cunning, Jiang's partial doting, and Gong Shu Duan's insatiable greed, it is not directly told to us by the author, but through their respective words and deeds. In a good narrative style, the author's tendency is naturally manifested in the development of the true and objective narration and description of the story. Isn't this how the author of "Zuo Biao" showed his political and ideological tendencies toward the incident of "Zheng Boke Duan YuYan"?
Of course, this article also has the characteristics of rigorous structure, clear hierarchy, concise language, etc., which belongs to the specific expression skills of the problem, and will not be repeated here.
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