On October 1, 1949, the tiananmen gate was extremely lively up and down. The 300,000 soldiers and civilians who participated in the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China waited in the square early, and in the voice of the masses, Mao Zedong solemnly announced to the world the founding of the People's Republic of China!
The applause was thunderous, the red flag was waving, and the salute was fired in unison, and this moment was forever recorded in history and frozen in the photo. In the photo, Mao Zedong stands at the forefront, behind him in addition to Lin Boqu, Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu and other well-known figures in the party, there is also a non-Chinese Communist Party member.
I saw that he was wearing a black top hat and wearing black clothes, standing two meters behind Chairman Mao, and this person was Sai Fuding. Among the leaders of many countries and representatives of all walks of life, he is relatively young. So much so that in the voting of the people who participated in the founding ceremony in the established place, there was no name for him. So why did he appear at the founding ceremony? And why can he stand only 2 meters away from Mao Zedong? All this must start with the Xinjiang revolution.
In the early years, in order to expand its influence, the Soviet Union specially supported the ShengShicai regime in Xinjiang. At this time, the foundation of Sheng Shicai was unstable, coupled with the threat of the Ma family in the northwest, it was in line with the Soviet Union.
For the Soviet Union, if there was an obedient "Xinjiang government," it would be of great benefit to the stability of the Sino-Soviet border. With the help of the Soviet Union, Sheng Shi gradually took control of Xinjiang. But Sheng Shicai did not want to succumb to others all the time, and later openly loyal to the Kuomintang, which greatly annoyed the Soviet Union.
After switching to the Kuomintang, Sheng Shicai consciously controlled Xinjiang, so he disregarded the lives of the people and imposed harsh taxes. The land tax alone accounts for half of the peasants' income, not to mention the remaining miscellaneous taxes of up to twenty or so.
In response to this kind of counter-revolutionary behavior, the radical young Man Sai Fuding at that time carried out various activities to resist Sheng Shicai and actively propagate the anti-Japanese patriotic ideas. In those years, Saifuding had made a great name in Xinjiang. The reactionary forces saw him as a thorn in their side and imprisoned him several times.
Saifuding, who has been influenced by Marxism-Leninism, has already taken the struggle for the liberation of the Chinese people as his lifelong goal, and has been active in the front line of the revolution for this purpose.
At the same time, Sheng Shicai became more and more powerful in Xinjiang. In March 1943, together with the Kuomintang government, Sheng Shicai forced the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to donate 10,000 military horses! If it cannot be paid on time, it must be paid at a horse price that is half above the market price. Before there were harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes, and then there were forcible levies on horses, how did this make the people live?
Beginning in 1944, the Ulastai ethnic groups began to riot. Since the burden of this horse donation mainly fell on the Ili, Tacheng, and Ataile regions, the vast number of poor peasants in the three areas took the lead in resisting the struggle.
As one of the leaders of this revolution, Saifuding later served as a member of the government of the Provisional Government and the head of the Department of Education. After the establishment of the National Army, he also organized and created the Kashgar Regiment, and also served as the head of the regiment.
During the Xinjiang Revolution, he embraced progressive ideas in his early years and naturally became one of its main leaders and concurrently served as the head of the Propaganda Department. Mao Zedong commented: "It has made an important contribution to the liberation of all China! ”
Saifuding's leadership was clearly successful. Not only did the Nationalist government bow its head, but also established the Democratic Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province. It was this opportunity that Saifuding participated in and developed a secret plan to accept the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party within the government.
The reason why Xinjiang revolutionary leaders such as SaiFuding did this is naturally because the Nationalist government does not put the people at the bottom in mind. First a variety of taxes, then a forced levy of horses, seeing that there is no way out under the hands of the National Government, who is willing to support the National Government?
In August 1948, as the War of Liberation drew to a close, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China began to work on the establishment of a new China. So Deng Liqun was sent to Xinjiang and handed over Mao Zedong's letter to the people of Xinjiang. The letter affirmed Saifuding's contribution and invited Saifuding to send 5 representatives to the NATIONAL COMMITTEE of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
But who knew that the accident occurred, the first representatives were on the way to the plane, encountered bad weather, and none of the people on board were spared! This is a big blow to the CPC Central Committee and the Xinjiang side!
In addition to mourning, the central authorities still hoped that Saifuding could send representatives to Beijing. In the midst of grief, Saifuding was in danger of being ordered to personally lead two other deputies to the northeast via the Soviet Union and to Beijing. All the way bumpy, but SaiFuding did not feel much tired. Because soon after arriving in Beiping, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and other state leaders received him.
At this meeting, in addition to expressing greetings to the people of Xinjiang, the central government also highlighted a question - what should Xinjiang do next?
Xinjiang, which has already left the National Government, is naturally the next step to form the Xinjiang Provincial Government. However, before coming to Beiping, Saifuding still did not come up with a complete charter. The attitude was unclear, which made the central leaders uncertain, so Zhou Enlai specifically asked Sai Fuding's opinion.
On this issue, Saifuding had discussed it two years earlier. To this end, Sai Fuding directly told Zhou Enlai about the relevant situation, in which he specifically proposed that the new provincial government should implement "autonomy".
After pondering a little, Zhou Enlai nodded and said, "Autonomy must be realized." How? What is the form of our national system? ”
Finally, he stressed: "These problems can be alleviated, but one problem is clear: the People's Republic of China is a unified country composed of all ethnic groups in China!" ”
Hammer and finish! Even if it is autonomous, Xinjiang belongs to China! Saifuding immediately expressed his resolute support for the CPC's propositions and adhered to the party's policy of national unity!
With the general tone set, what follows is some minutiae. SaiFuding, who had been busy for many days, finally had time to look at the city and meet those well-known generals and leaders at home and abroad.
Among them, the one he most wanted to see was naturally Chairman Mao!
In that era, Chairman Mao was an idol in everyone's heart. Even though Saifuding revolutioned for many years, he still couldn't stop admiring Mao Zedong sincerely!
Therefore, at the opening ceremony of the New Political Consultative Conference, Sai Fuding, on behalf of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, presented chairman Mao with Uyghur robes and small flower hats.
Whether it is a robe or a small flower hat, it is an indispensable daily costume for the Uyghur people. This dedication is enough to express the heartfelt gratitude of the thousands of poor people represented by Saifuding to this leader.
Since the Qing Dynasty, the Xinjiang region has changed hands several times. Without exception, every ruler who occupies here is on top, so there has always been resistance and war here. Until the arrival of the Chinese Communist Party, there was less oppression and more laughter. Gratitude and trust, let the people of Xinjiang represented by Saifuding choose New China as much as possible!
When asked about the history of the Saifuding Revolution and the future ownership of Xinjiang, Saifuding said more than once: "This is the struggle of the people's armed forces of Ili, Tacheng and Altai against the oppression of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and it is a part of China's new democratic revolution!" ”
When it comes to the ownership of Xinjiang, he emphasizes even more: "Xinjiang used to be an integral part of China's territory, is already an integral part of China's territory today, and will always be an integral part of China's territory in the future!" ”
Xinjiang is an inseparable part of China! This loud speech made the scene burst into warm applause. Under the thunderous applause, it is full of national responsibility and responsibility!
This responsibility touched the People of China and also touched Mao Zedong!
At the founding ceremony, Mao Zedong and his party climbed to Tiananmen Square and saw Sai Fuding standing on the side of the city tower's review platform, and the chairman waved and pulled him toward the middle of the city tower.
In this way, this 34-year-old young state leader stood between Dong Biwu and Lin Boqu, only two meters away from Chairman Mao!
What is respect? This is both!
As the leader of the country, Mao Zedong would specially bring Saifuding in, which was not only the demeanor and tolerance of a leader, but also reflected his respect for the representatives of ethnic minorities!
Touched, excited, when watching the five-star red flag flying at that moment, Sai Fuding's heart was full of pride!
Since he was a teenager, Sai Fuding has been fighting against warlords and the kuomintang reactionary government, and after experiencing the changes in Xinjiang over the years, he understands that under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people living in this land will live better and better. This made him more and more determined about one thing - to follow the party and listen to the party!
When he was about to return to Xinjiang after attending the founding ceremony, Sai Fuding wrote an application to join the party. After writing his application on October 19, 1949, he planned to hand it over to Mao Zedong. It was not until the evening of the 22nd, after Mao Zedong received the Xinjiang representatives again, that he took out the application.
Sai Fuding, who was full of anxiety, said: "Chairman, I have already written an application to join the party, but I don't know if I have the conditions for membership in the Communist Party. ”
Sai Fuding, who had experienced great winds and waves, had a calm heart, and when he submitted his application to join the party, he made waves. Fortunately, the next day Mao Zedong gave instructions, and Premier Zhou relayed his application to join the party, and Sai Fuding became the earliest member of the Uyghur Communist Party in Xinjiang.
Soon after returning to Xinjiang, a series of reforms were implemented in Xinjiang. The Xinjiang Provincial People's Government and the Xinjiang Military Region were formally established on December 17, 1949, and Sai Fuding served as the deputy commander of the Xinjiang Military Region and the vice chairman of the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government.
Like the rest of China, Xinjiang is in ruins at this time. Under mao Zedong's instructions, Sai Fuding, together with Peng Dehuai, carried out mass work on the Xinjiang issue and formulated plans and plans for governance. At this time, Xinjiang was not completely liberated, and with the cooperation of Saifuding, a large amount of grain and materials were raised, which effectively supported the troops entering Xinjiang!
With the army and the government, everything in Xinjiang is about to get on track. But with regard to Xinjiang, there has always been an unresolved issue – the issue of regional autonomy in Xinjiang!
In early 1952, Wang Zhen returned from a meeting in Beijing and once again mentioned this issue to Sai Fuding. At that time, Sai Fuding felt that this was still the central government's decision first, on the contrary, the central authorities still wanted to listen to his opinion.
Since the Central Committee trusted him so much, SaiFuding was also blunt and reported his ideas in writing to Chairman Mao. It mentioned that the name of the provincial-level autonomous unit in Xinjiang could be called "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Government", and put forward constructive suggestions on the composition and tasks of the government.
Soon, Xinjiang's autonomy was in the process of being prepared. For New China, Xinjiang's autonomy work will directly affect other regions. For example, the Hui in Ningxia and the Zhuang in Guangxi, the process of autonomy and the charter of the Xinjiang region will directly affect other regions. For this reason, the central leadership attaches great importance to it, and even the name of an autonomous region is discussed back and forth.
Even in early 1955, Xi Zhongxun, on behalf of Mao Zedong, asked Sai Fuding and others about the name of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. At that time, Mao Zedong and other central leaders wanted to use the term "Xinjiang Autonomous Region", but before officially using the name, they asked the opinions of local representatives in Xinjiang.
Sai Fuding did not expect the central authorities to attach so much importance to their opinions, and he was very happy. At the same time, he felt that this was also a responsibility. Therefore, he immediately expressed his own view, believing that autonomy was as far as the ethnic groups of the region were concerned, so "regional ethnic autonomy" should be the mainstay. Therefore, "Xinjiang Autonomous Region" seems to be general, but it is better to use "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region".
Xi Zhongxun said on the spot that he would report their opinions to Chairman Mao, and within a few days, several people met again. Xi Zhongxun said Mao Zedong agreed with SaiFuding's opinion that it should be called the "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region." Afterwards, Sai Fuding learned that after Xi Zhongxun reported the incident to Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong considered it for a long time and finally said: "Sai Fuding's opinion is right!" ”
At the suggestion of SaiFuding, Mao Zedong made a decision, and since 1955, Xinjiang, which has been practicing regional ethnic autonomy, has since been renamed "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region"! To celebrate the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the central authorities and the Soviet Union sent representatives to Urumqi. On October 1 of the same year, more than 60,000 people from all walks of life gathered in The People's Square in Urumqi to celebrate the sixth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region!
With the establishment of the autonomous region, Xinjiang is already on the right track, but the work of Saifuding is increasing day by day! In addition to land reform, he also participated in leading the three-year national economic recovery work in Xinjiang and the implementation of the country's first five-year plan.
But even if Sai Fuding is busy with his usual work, he still insists on starting with the people and going deep into the grassroots. In 1959, Mao Zedong advocated that leading cadres at all levels go to the grass-roots level, work as workers and peasants, and generals to become soldiers in companies. After decades in a leadership position, he ran to the steel factory as a worker.
SaiFuding Is not a show, but a real worker. Every day, he got up early and went dark, like other workers, wielding hammers and smashing stones, sweat mixed with mud.
The comrades who worked as guards could not see it, so they found some milk and wanted Saifuding to replenish his body. As a result, he said with an unhappy face: "Aren't we all the same?" How can I be special? ”
Instead of asking for milk, he ate and lived with the workers, ate corn paste, ate pickles, and slept in rows of beds. On days like this, he worked for more than a month. In Saifuding's view, this is very necessary! Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, many leading cadres who were not defeated by guns and bullets have been knocked down by capitalist sugar-coated shells.
Going to the grassroots level and experiencing life at the bottom is an important measure to prevent and overcome bureaucracy. Some time ago, the leader of a certain district in Beijing personally went to deliver a day's takeaway news, as soon as it was exposed, it attracted a lot of people's attention. The reason for this is that the so-called "empathy" can only be felt if you have truly experienced it!
Of course, this is not the last time Saifuding will go down to the grassroots level.
In 1964, Saifuding went to Kashgar to engage in "social education." The entourage, who still insisted on eating, living and working with the peasants, and who had become accustomed to it, did not make a fuss this time. It was only during the meal that the accompanying personnel resolutely refused to let him eat at the crowd's home.
It turned out that when the local people ate in the morning, a bowl of paste would be placed on the table, and according to the local custom, the elders would start drinking, one by one. Using the same bowl, plus some of the elders' beard lengths, each time you drink, the beard will be covered with paste. In today's parlance, it was "unhygienic."
At that time, the staff accompanying him also felt this way, and his heart was somewhat awkward, so he proposed not to let Sai Fuding eat here. He, who has always been kind, became angry in front of his fellow villagers this time, severely criticized the staff accompanying him, and said: "The masses can eat, why can't we eat!" ”
From this point, it can be seen that SaiFuding has been in a high position all these years and has not forgotten his original intention. For this reason, the masses are also happy to tell the truth to Saifuding.
Whenever he went to the grass-roots level to investigate, the masses rushed to the top and reflected a lot of the situation. This is completely different from the forums held by many leaders, and most of the leaders' forums and investigations have always been said by the leaders, and the masses have been silent below. But as long as Sai Fuding was present, the atmosphere of the whole symposium was enlivened.
Because he does practical things, the efficiency is fast!
As soon as the masses reflected the situation, he would immediately consult with the local leaders, ventilate, and find a solution. Once Sai Fu Ding took a car to pass by a sand field, thinking about talking to the masses, he got out of the car. As a result, the masses saw that it was Saifuding, and many people cried. It turned out that some local grassroots cadres had a domineering style and beat up and cursed the masses.
Upon hearing this, Sai Fuding's face suddenly collapsed. On the spot, he criticized the secretary of the accompanying prefectural party committee and ordered the local government to immediately investigate and rectify!
Hard and simple, do not put up a fight with the masses; single-mindedly, serve the people wholeheartedly. It is no wonder that Saifuding enjoys such a high reputation in Xinjiang, just as he wrote in his poem: "Be a pure and innocent person, and the virtue will be passed on to future generations!" ”
Later, Syford went to work in the central government, still adhering to the original intention. Even though his status is getting higher and higher now, he is still so close to the people. Especially when the people asked him for help, he still did everything.
At that time, the Beidaihe District Security Office reported to Saifuding that there were two Uyghur boys selling barbecue meat at a stall nearby, and considering the safety and food hygiene problems of the nearby leaders, they wanted the two Uyghur boys to apply for business licenses.
As soon as things got into trouble, it came to Sai Fuding himself. As a result, Saifuding not only sent someone to investigate the actual situation, but also specially issued a certificate for two Uyghur boys.
Approachability, kindness and kindness have become a big label on SaiFuding. Because of this, after Sai Fuding went to beijing to work, many relatives, friends, comrades-in-arms, and colleagues who had worked together came to visit him. Even some poets, writers and artists in Xinjiang like to visit him.
There were even some strangers, but no matter who it was, Sai Fuding never asked about the other party's position, rank, family lineage, and in a sincere manner, he talked with every visitor very happily.
In the 1980s and 1990s, due to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Xinjiang problem became prominent again. Despite his old age and physical decline, Sai Lao returned to Xinjiang twice. Every time he came back, Sai Lao always arranged his itinerary to the fullest. From the army, factories, organs, schools, etc., but everything that involves people's livelihood, he will personally go to see.
An old man over seventy years old, braving the blazing sun, talked cordially with the people of Xinjiang. Among them, he repeatedly emphasized "equality, unity and mutual assistance", and since the collapse of the Soviet Union, many people have begun to do things in Xinjiang, which makes Sai Lao very concerned. Since the revolution, he has adhered to the principle of "one China" and has repeatedly said that "Xinjiang is an inalienable part of China."
Now that there is a problem in Xinjiang, he naturally has no choice but to do so. To this end, Sai Lao also stressed: "The Han chinese are the main ethnic group, and without the Chinese revolution dominated by the Han nationality, there would be no liberation of the people of the whole country, and we are all one family!" ”
family! Fifty-six nationalities, fifty-six flowers! Fifty-six nationalities, one!
Even if the foreign people want to bring calamity to Xinjiang, as long as everyone adheres to the "one China" principle, the foreign people will not have the opportunity to take advantage of it.
Returning to Xinjiang twice, Sai Lao emphasized this issue. For this reason, many people commented on Elder Sai, saying: "On the issue of opposing national separatism, Elder Sai has a resolute attitude and a clear-cut stand, which embodies the firm political stand of an old Communist Party member! ”
On November 24, 2003, Sai Lao died in Beijing at the age of 88 due to ineffective medical treatment.
Although old man Sai is dead, his spirit lives on! His life was a life of struggle, a life of fighting, a life of revolution, and even more a life of wholehearted service to the people!
He made immortal contributions to the Chinese revolution, national unity and national reunification. Even as time passes, posterity still remembers this Uyghur Member of the Chinese Communist Party, whose name was Saifuding Aizezi!