Haiyan Township Customs and Customs (2) Four Seasons • Summer

Four seasons of solar terms and summer

Summer is the second season of the four seasons of the year, including six solar terms: Lixia, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Xiaoxia, and Daxia.

1. Lixia. Lixia is the 7th of the twenty-four solar terms, the first solar term of summer, indicating the official beginning of the Mengxia season. "Moon Order Seventy-Two Waiting Solution": "Li Xia, April Festival." Standing character interpretation see spring. Summer, fake also. Things are false at this time. "People are accustomed to regard lixia as an important festival when the temperature rises significantly, the heat is coming, the thunderstorms are increasing, and the crops enter the peak season.

Haiyan sang: "In April in the summer season, every household raises silkworms. The head sleeps, it is two sleeps, and the fire does three sleeps. Buy cheap leaves, sleep well, and drive up the mountain. ”

Since ancient times, it has attached great importance to the Lixia festival. According to records, during the Zhou Dynasty, on the day of the establishment of the summer, the emperor personally led hundreds of civil and military officials to the suburbs to "welcome the summer", and instructed Situ and other officials to go to various places to encourage the peasants to pay close attention to farming.

In summer, Haiyan folk should "taste three new" or "eat three fresh". There are four three fresh (new), three fresh ground: new garlic seedlings, new broad beans, new bamboo shoots, tree three fresh: toon head, apricots, plums, sea three fresh: yellow fish, mackerel, sea lice, river three fresh: eel, crucian carp, sea bass. There are also customs such as roasting wild rice, eating white water baked meat, and eating collapsed cakes.

2. Small full. During the small full season, the seeds of the summer ripe (commonly known as "spring flowers") crops begin to be filled with pulp, but they are not yet ripe, just small full, not yet full. "The Seventy-two Waiting Solutions of the Moon Order": "In the middle of April, the small full, the things are so small that they are full." Folk proverbs: "Xiao Man is dissatisfied, dry and broken the field", "Xiao Man is dissatisfied, mangs do not care", "Xiao Man is full of rivers and rivers", which explains the meteorological characteristics of Xiao Man's solar terms.

Haiyan sang: "Small full edges, silkworms make cocoons, make silk and peel cotton." Rejoice, thank God, the beans and wheat are all harvested. After collecting the spring silkworms on the seedlings, the silkworm mulberries were planted in the fields. ”

Xiaoman's festival customs mainly include sacrificing the god of the car and the god of silkworms. Qing He Yue Ling's poem "Horse Head Lady" recounts the custom of sea salt silkworm farmers to sacrifice silkworm gods: "Horse Head Lady, bless me with immeasurable silkworm weaving. Every year red candle white sandalwood, enjoy my thin and thick I pay. Last year' age will be dead, Qi Niang Luo wine syrup, may Niang help me busy in January. ”

3. Mango seeds. Mango is the third solar term of summer and indicates the official beginning of midsummer. Mango seed literally means "wheat with mango is harvested quickly, and rice with mango can be planted". "The Seventy-two Marquises of the Moon Order": "The May Festival is said to have the seeds of mango and the grain can be planted. The agricultural proverb says: "Do not fall into the valley, the old ancestors will cry." "At this time, it will enter the rainy yellow plum season, spring flower crops to be harvested, autumn harvest crops to be planted, spring crops to be managed, harvest, planting, pipe crossing, and add the time of sericulture, which is the busiest season of the year." Yan Yi has a proverb: "Yang Qing Mai Huang, Daddy Niang died in the fold bed." That is, it means that you are too busy to do a funeral.

Haiyan wenwen sang: "In May (mango) pomegranates are blooming, and there is no rain in the sky to ride." Men's homes, pinching iron rakes, stalls put mud rakes. Women's house, pinching straw handles, catching empty cotton. ”

The Festival coincides with the traditional festival Of the Dragon Boat Festival, so there are customs such as hanging wormwood, eating five yellows, and eating rice dumplings.

4. Summer solstice. Summer is great, the extreme, all things grow and flourish to the extreme, yang qi also reaches the extreme, so the summer solstice day is the shortest night of the year, the longest day of the day, so the folk proverb said: "Long to the summer solstice, short to the winter solstice." ”

The summer solstice season is the "plum rain" season, the rain is continuous, the air is hot and humid, the utensils are prone to mildew, and the germs are easy to breed.

Haiyan sang: "On the side of the summer solstice, rain twist flowers, and the cloak and hat cover." Heavy rain fell, rushing, and there were insects everywhere. Yellow plum season rain, grass pond everywhere frogs. ”

The summer solstice coincides with the summer harvest and summer planting, new wheat appears, and Haiyan has the custom of eating wheat meal (mixing) on the summer solstice to taste new ones. Wheat meal, that is, the new wheat is dried after harvesting, cleaned, washed, then dried and fried, ground into powder, stored and bagged. When eating, it is soaked in boiling water to form a paste, that is, it becomes wheat meal. It is fragrant to eat and can be carried around as dry food.

5. Small summer. Xiaoxia is the eleventh of the twenty-four solar terms, and the fifth solar term of summer, indicating the official beginning of the summer season. Summer, meaning hot, small summer is small heat, not very hot. It means that the weather is starting to be hot, but it is not yet the hottest. "The Seventy-Two Waiting Episodes of the Moon Order": "June Festival... Summer, heat, in terms of heat is divided into size, the beginning of the month is small, the middle of the month is large, and now the heat is still small. "After a small summer, it is often controlled by subtropical high pressure, and it is easy to drought on sunny and high temperature days. Farmer Proverb Yun: "Xiao Xia thundered, reversed into Huang Mei." "The summer should have passed the yellow plum season, but if there is thunder weather in the small summer, the yellow plum will continue, commonly known as "late yellow plum".

Haiyan sang: "Don't be bad in June, follow the seedlings to green and green (cho). Go to the field, the grass comes and pulls, and there is no rain to pedal. Tear down the two leaves, dry the silkworm sand, and don't go to idle forks (chat). ”

Yanyi has the custom of catching yellow eels and eating yellow eels in the summer, which is called "small summer yellow eel race ginseng".

6. Summer. The summer heat is the hottest festival of the year. In the "Explanation of the Seventy-two Waiting For the Moon Order", it is said: "Great summer, mid-June." Summer, heat also... The middle of the month is large, and now the heat is Judas. Its climatic characteristics are: "Dou Zhi C is a big summer, and the weather is very intense than that of a small summer, so it is called a big summer." The summer festival coincides with the "middle volt" in the "three volt days", which is the hottest period of the year and the fastest growing period of heat-loving crops. The summer is divided into three seasons: "one waits for the rotten grass to be fireflies; the other is for the soil to moisten the heat; and the third is when the rain is heavy." "There are about two thousand kinds of fireflies in the world, divided into aquatic and terrestrial, terrestrial fireflies lay eggs on dry grass, in the summer, fireflies eggs out, so the ancients believe that fireflies are rotten grass into; the second is that the weather begins to become sweltering, the land is also very wet; the third is to say that there are often big thunderstorms, this heavy rain weakens the summer humidity, and the weather begins to transition to autumn.

Haiyan sang: "In the summer, the eels spit, and men and women do their best to ride." On the sixth of June, like a fire, the loss of the shed recommended cover. Farmer proverb Yun: "On the sixth of June, the dried duck eggs are cooked." "Farmers brave the scorching sun, and cars irrigate the fields." In June, don't be hot, don't tie the grains", "Cover the quilt in June, rice in winter", the weather is hot and cold, and it is a matter of abundance and apologies.

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