Blue wave fish, also known as black scales, green plates, scientific name Officinalis sinensis (Spinibarbus sinensis, here should be italic, because headline typography is not supported, hereby declared), the taxonomic status is Cyprinidae - Cyprinid - Cyprinidae - Barbed genus. In the place of origin (Sichuan, Guizhou and other southern regions), qingbo fish is a valuable special aquaculture species, but also a fish that is very popular among fishing enthusiasts. It is understood that the market price of Qingbo fish that reaches the commercial specifications is 60-80 yuan / kg, and the main factor restricting its aquaculture production is the supply of fry. In recent years, with the breakthrough of artificial breeding technology in Hubei, Guangxi and other places, the artificial breeding production of Qingbo fish is expected to be further improved.
▼▼ Blue Wave Fish
Fish in the genus Barbed Catfish have a barb in front of the beginning of the dorsal fin, which is hidden under the skin, hence the name barbed catfish. There are 5 species in China, all of which are economic fish in the southern region. Qingbo is one of the more famous ones, mainly produced in the trunk and tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and there are fewer in the middle reaches. In addition, there are military fish (scientific name light barbed catfish), Yunnan barbed catfish, multi-scaled barbed catfish and so on.
▼▼▼The 5 specific species of the genus Barbed Catfish in China and their geographical distribution
These 5 species of stingray are very similar in appearance, and more detailed traits must be studied in taxonomy, usually based on the number of gill rakers, the number of lateral scales, the number of anterior scales of the dorsal fin, the length of the body/the height of the tail stalk, and the internal bone structure. Taking the light barbed catfish as an example, the main classification indicators of its internal bones are shown in the following figure:
▼▼▼ The anterior barb of the dorsal fin is one of the most important features of the genus Barbed catfish
Regarding the origin of this barb, different experts and scholars have different views: some scholars believe that this barb and the barb of the genus Long-rumped catfish are homologous structures, so they recommend that the barbed catfish be classified as the genus Long-rumped catfish; while most scholars believe that the barbs of the barbed catfish occur independently. Muhai himself prefers the latter view, because the fin branches of the long glutamate are 8-9, while the fish of the genus barb catfish are 5, and combined with the development of the 4th vertebrae, it is more reasonable to consider the barbed catfish as a genus independently.
<h1>Analysis: Are the blue wave fish and the military fish the same kind of fish? How to distinguish in appearance? </h1>
The classification of species and subspecies within the genus Barbed catfish is confusing.
Yang Junxing, Chen Yinrui and others measured and compared 104 specimens, and concluded that there are 5 effective species in the genus Barbed Catfish, and caldwelli (spiny catfish), nigrodorsulis, mandarinus are synonymous with hollandi (light barbed catfish).
Note: Caldwelli (officially known as light barbed catfish) and barbed catfish deniticulatus are not the same concept and are taxonomically two distinct species.
The scientific names of the Blue Wave Fish and the Military Fish that we want to distinguish today are Chinese barbed catfish and light barbed catfish, respectively.
Qingbo's body is long and flattened, the head is tapered, the snout is blunt, the snout skin stops at the base of the upper lip, the mouth is sub-inferior, horseshoe-shaped, and has 2 pairs of whiskers. The dorsal fin has hard spines, scales and other sizes.
In addition, Qingbo's body is blue-black on the back, gray-white on the abdomen, each fin is blue-gray, and the tail fin is forked, and it can grow up to 25 kg.
▼▼ Characteristics of the blue wave fish
The body of the military fish is slightly cylindrical, the snout is rounded and blunt, the whiskers are 2 pairs, and the scales are large. Unlike Qingbo, the dorsal fin of military fish is soft and has no hard spines, but there is a narrow black band on the outer edge; in addition, the ventral fin and fin of military fish are orange-red.
▼▼ Characteristics of military fish
Military fish in China's south of the Yangtze River waters are widely distributed, Minjiang, Qiantang River, Yuanjiang River and Pearl River and Hainan Island waters are produced, like to live in the bottom of the clear water and stone section of the river, eat miscellaneous, aquatic insects, higher plant debris and other food, in the rapid flow of the river waters spawn, the maximum can grow to 7.5 kg.
▼▼ Military fish
In summary, the blue wave fish and the military fish can be mainly distinguished by the three aspects of the dorsal fin with hard spines (if there is a blue wave fish), the color of the ventral fin and fin (the blue gray should be the blue wave fish, the orange red is mostly the army fish) and the scale size (the larger is the military fish, the smaller is the blue wave).
<h1>Feeding habits and growth of blue wave fish</h1>
Blue wave is a benthic fish, lively, fast swimming speed, like to inhabit the rocky bottom of the flowing water. In winter, it overwinters in the deep pit caves of the main stream or tributaries of the Yangtze River, and begins to swim to the tributaries in March, feeding and growing. Qingbo has higher requirements for dissolved oxygen, its living water temperature is 1 ~ 36 °C, feeding water temperature is 6 ~ 32 °C, and the most suitable growth water temperature is 20 ~ 30 °C.
Qingbo is an omnivorous fish, mainly feeding on plant food underwater, preferring to eat filamentous algae, aquatic insects, freshwater shell vegetables and so on. Some time ago through communication with netizens, Muhai found that this fish is also an uncompromising "opportunist", qingbo fish recipes also include grasshoppers, tender corn, small fish shrimp, rice, peanuts, etc., these information are shared by netizens in the south, thank you here!
Under natural conditions, blue waves grow slower, with 1-year-old fish about 18 cm long and weighing 150 g, 2-year-old fish 24 cm long and 200 g, and 4-year-old fish about 40 cm long and weighing 1.6 kg. Under artificial culture conditions, fish can grow to 250 grams in that year, and grow faster after 2 years of age.
Qingbo is sexually mature at about 3 years old, and the breeding period is from April to June every year, and the suitable water temperature for breeding is 20 to 28 °C. The male fish is slender and long, the abdomen is small, the body color is darker, the back is bluish gray, the body surface has a "pearl star", the reproductive process is slightly raised, about 0.5 cm long; the female is obese, the abdomen is swollen, the body color is lighter, the back is bluish yellow, there is no "pearl star", the reproductive process is more obvious, cylindrical, about 1.5 cm long.
Note: Under artificial breeding conditions, qingbo fish must be injected with hormones to induce fertility to reproduce smoothly, which is the same as four large fish, mandarin fish, and red carp.
<h1>Culture techniques of blue wave fish</h1>
Qingbo is an important economic fish in Sichuan, Guizhou and other places in China, its flesh is fat and rich in oils, not only has a high edible value, but also has a high medicinal value. Qingbo has a heterogeneous diet, fast growth, strong disease resistance, and has developed into an excellent freshwater farmed fish.
However, the wild nature of Qingbo is stronger, and the sexual maturity of male and female fish is often inconsistent, and artificial reproduction is more difficult, so it is often difficult to meet the supply of fry. In addition, Qingbo's requirements for water quality and dissolved oxygen are significantly higher than those of conventional farmed fish.
In the Yangtze River Basin, the breeding cycle of Qingbo is generally two years, the first year is the fry cultivation stage, and finally the fingerlings with a length of 10 to 15 cm are raised, and the second year after wintering enters the commercial fish feeding stage, about 10 months of rearing, the qingbo body length can reach 30 to 45 cm, and the weight is 500 to 750 grams, reaching the market specifications.
1. Fry rearing
Qingbo's fry breeding ponds are mostly cement ponds, which require convenient drainage and irrigation, with an area of about 20 to 100 m². At the beginning, the fry breeding pond should be cleared and disinfected; after the water is introduced, the water depth is controlled at about 0.5-0.8 meters, and then gradually deepened to 1.2 meters, and after the water quality returns to normal, the fry with a total length of 1 to 1.5 cm are stocked, and 50 to 100 fish per square meter of water surface are released. After the fry enter the pond, they are fed powdered feed such as flea and shrimp slices, and the bait is fed more than 3 times a day.
2. Fingerling rearing
The area of the fish fingerling breeding pond is 1 to 3 mu, and the water depth is 15 to 2.0 meters, which requires sufficient water and good water quality. 10 days before fingerlings are stocked, the pond is cleared with quicklime.
Stocking of robust summer flower fish species with a body length of 4 to 5 cm is about 2,000 per mu of water surface. The cultivation of Qingbo fingerlings can be fed with a compound feed, which requires the crude protein content of the feed to be more than 35%. In the early days of the lower pond, due to transportation fright and other reasons, the fish species are not very adapted to the environment, the amount of food is small, and the principle of feeding should be adopted in small quantities and times.
After a week, as the fish species eat into normal, the number of feeding should be appropriately reduced, and gradually adjusted to once a day in the morning and afternoon, and the daily feeding amount is 3% to 5% of the total weight of the fish body (most fish and shrimp are basically fed according to this ratio), and the specific feeding amount depends on the weather and water quality. In addition, it is also necessary to properly feed some chopped vegetable leaves to supplement some vitamins, which is conducive to the growth of fish fingerlings.
▼▼ Blue Wave fish fry, the total length of 10 cm, body length of 8 cm
3. Management of adult fish farming
Qingbo is timid and frightened, in the cultivation stage must keep the breeding environment quiet, water quality management to adopt the principle of thin rather than fat, must maintain fresh water quality. If possible, change the water frequently, if necessary, start the machine to increase oxygen, and the dissolved oxygen in the water should be maintained at more than 5 mg/l.
One of the characteristics of Qingbo is that the growth is very inconsistent, the individual differentiation is large, and the size of the farmed individuals is often obviously different. Therefore, when some fish reach more than 500 grams, some fish should be caught and marketed in time according to market demand, so as to reduce the density of later breeding and facilitate the growth of fish in the pond.
▼▼ According to the growth of qingbo fish, it is timely and batch fishing, also known as rotation, which is characterized by catching large and leaving small, circulating and marketing
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