Author: Nobumori Komatsu
In addition to the purpose, the official also has various terms about it. Transfer, transfer, re-appointment, reinstatement, suspension, dismissal, heavy responsibility, extension, concurrent appointment, and zhishi are also important terms.
Transfer is promotion in the order of official positions. Relocation, that is, appointments to different official offices. For example, officials who were moved from Zhusi to Zhuliao. Or change from civilian to military attaché. Or it is that the magistrate, that is, the foreign official, becomes the Beijing official (the official in The capital), and at this time, it is called the transfer of office. Re-appointment, that is, resignation and re-appointment. Reinstatement means that the official position is dismissed for one year because of the funeral of the parents, and the official is reinstated at the time of dismissal. Suspension, i.e., temporary removal from office due to negligence, etc. Dismissal of officials, also known as "que officials", is to be dismissed from official positions for a long time. For example, when a crime is committed or because of another matter, he has been dismissed from office for a long time. Heavy responsibility, that is, to serve again when the term of office is long enough to be returned to the official post. Usually, even if the four-year term has expired, it is still possible to do it again. Known as the "heavy duty of success", offering wealth to the imperial court or building buildings for the imperial court, it can also be a heavy responsibility, which has in fact become a system of selling officials and knights. Extension of office, i.e. extension of term of office for one or two years. Concurrently, that is, for example, Zhongnayan and Zuowei Mendu are the same person, that is, concurrently. Zhi Shi, that is, resigning from office due to old age and retiring. For example, in the selection order, we can see the record of "all officials who are more than seventy years old and listen to zhishi".
Officials can see the hints of various names from various aspects. The following is a breakdown.
Clergy and Scattered Officials Clerical officers have positions and have their own responsibilities. A person who has a position is a person who has a position, but a person who does not have a position is also called a scattered position. In ancient times, the first to be declared, and then to the official, which caused a considerable number of divergences. Scatter, that is, do not use the meaning.
Civilian and military attachés Military attachés are officials such as the Guards, the Guards, etc., or the Five Guards, the arms of the Legion. Other officials, i.e. civilian officials. However, the officials of the Ministry of Central Affairs were civilian officials but also carried swords, and the Daizaifu, the kunishi of the three countries where the three passes were located, namely Ise, Mino, Echizen (later changed to Ise, Mino, and Omi), and the Uchiha people also carried swords although they were civilian officials. Ministers may also carry swords when ordered to carry swords, which are exceptions.
Jingguan and Foreign Officials In the capital, the officials of the central government can also be called internal officials. Other magistrates were called foreign officials. However, although the capital is in the capital, it is essentially a foreign official, and the foreign character means local in the order system.
Four Ministry Officers The four classes of officials in the four ministry officers' temporary service offices. i.e. chief, sub-judge, judge, chief judge. These are collectively known as the Four Ministries. The chief officer is the chief steward, and the subordinate officer is the auxiliary chief. A judge is an official in charge of ordinary affairs. The chief secretary is in charge. Under the four officials, there are also Shi Sheng and envoys.
There are four classes in the level of official positions: sheng ren, ren ren, judgement, and judgment. He is appointed as a judge according to the order of the eunuch, a judge according to the hearing of the taizheng official, a judgement appointed by the taizheng official, and a judgement appointed by the shibu province. (Military attaché is Hyobe Province)
Chang Shangguan, Fan Shangguan There are those with equivalent official positions as Chang Shangguan, and other miscellaneous and other subordinate officials are Fan Shangguan. Long daily commutes, alternately performing duties. It is extremely difficult for Fan Shangguan to be promoted to five places. Nagami and Banshang are two different forms of service. The chief officer is further divided into the inner chief and the outer chief. It is the difference between a beijing official and a local official.
Quan Guan, Yuanwai Official, Quan Da Na Yan and Quan Tou such as the addition of officials in ancient times were called Yuanwai officials, and later generations were called Quan Officials.
Equal official positions In the Dabao Ling official position order, the system of official position equivalence is stipulated. For example, the minister of the government is one, and the left and right ministers are two. The equivalence of official positions is also reflected in the office of office.
Tang Ming Official positions are referred to by Tang names. It is mostly used in private occasions, and it is rare to use the Tang name in official documents. For example, the minister of taizheng, Tang Mingxiangguo, the Tang name Huangmen, and the tang name of the prime minister. This is how it is used to refer to people. Hira Kiyomori was the Prime Minister, Tokugawa Mitsuyoshi was Mito Yellow Gate, Miyoshi Kiyoshi was the Prime Minister, Prince Maki was the former King of Zhongshu, and Hirashigemori was Komatsuuchi Province.
The official system of Japan was formulated by Emperor Xiaode in accordance with the Tang Dynasty system in the first year of Dahua. Left and right ministers and eight provinces were set up. Later, in Emperor Bunmu's Great Treasure Order, he established the two officials of the gods and the taizheng officials, as well as the eight provinces and hundred officials under them. These officials who can be seen in the order are called ling internal officials, and the official positions that are added in later generations as needed are order foreign officials, mainly such as inspection and non-violation envoy, investigation and interpretation of the envoy, Sai Gong Liao, money minting division, Tibetan office, Mutsu Deyu according to the envoy, senator, Zhongnayan and so on.
The official positions in the Great Treasure Order have also been abolished or merged. This can be seen in the book "Clustering Three Generations". However, after Emperor Daigo, there was no further abolition. It was also in this era that titles such as secretary of state, person on the temple, and underground appeared, and there was a division of classes among officials. The secretary of state refers to three or more people, the public refers to the regent, and the secretary refers to the great middle and the three or more. But four officials can join the ranks of the secretary of state if they are senators. Gongqing also has some heterogeneous names, such as Qingxiang, Yueqing, Shangdabu, and Thorn Road. The people on the temple are also called shangren, and the people on the clouds. It is the title of the four five officials xu shengdian. When in the Xu Sheng Hall, the name will be written on a wooden jane, called the Immortal Book, and if the person in the temple is removed for a crime, it is called expulsion. Although the six Tibetans are six, they are also counted among the people in the temple after Xu Shengdian is also counted.
The secretary of state and the people of the hall are collectively called the hall, and they are those who are allowed to ascend to the temple. In contrast, there are those who are underground and are not allowed to ascend to the temple.
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