Wen | Yuhe Weilan
We know from history textbooks that in the 1870s, there was a famous Paris Commune revolution in France.
The evaluation of this revolution holds that the revolution of 1871 by the workers of Paris, France, to seize bourgeois power and establish the dictatorship of the proletariat was a revolution with the spirit of historical initiative. At the end of the Second French Empire, socialist ideas spread widely among workers. On 18 March, the Paris workers revolted and seized power. The Thiers government fled to Versailles. On the 26th, the election of the Paris Commune Committee was held, and on the 28th, the Paris Commune was officially established. On 21 May, the Versailles counterrevolutionary army, with the help of Prussian forces, invaded Paris. After fierce street fighting, the commune was defeated on the 28th. The Paris Commune occupies an extremely important place in the history of the workers' and communist movements, has left an extremely valuable experience for the international communist movement, and its revolutionary principles are eternal.
Recently, at home to fight the "epidemic", I accidentally found a Chinese from the "Toward the World" series edited by the famous publisher Zhong Shuhe, witnessed the revolution that took place 150 years ago, and made a valuable account. This person is Zhang Deyi.
Zhang Deyi (1847-1918), also known as Zhang Deming, zi zai chu, yi zi junfeng, ancestral home of Shengjing Tieling (now Liaoning Tieling Hexi Cai Niu Township Zhangjiazhuang), in the early Qing Dynasty into the Han army with yellow flag. He went abroad eight times in his life and spent twenty-seven years abroad. Every time he went abroad, he wrote a detailed diary, which was successively compiled into "Navigation Shuqi", "Reshuqi", "Three Shuqi", "Four Shuqi" and "Eight Shuqi", totaling about two million words. Among them, the "Navigation Shuqi" and "Four Shuqi" have been copied and printed, and the rest have not been published. After Zhang Deyi's death, his descendants feared that their ancestors' manuscripts would suffer losses, so in 1951 they sent the manuscripts to the people's government for safekeeping and stored them in the Berlin Temple Library of the Beijing Library.
Zhang Deyi graduated from China's first foreign Chinese school, the Jingshi Tongwenguan. He spent his life in Europe and the United States, spent a full 27 years abroad, and wrote a large number of diaries. He named these diaries "Navigation Shuqi", "Reshuqi", "Three Shuqi" all the way to "Eight Shuqi", with a total of about 2 million words, of which the "Three Shuqi" recorded a large number of historical facts of the Paris Commune. The earliest translated name of "Paris Commune" comes from Zhang Deyi's book "Three Narratives".
In June 1870, the "Tianjin Teaching Case" occurred in China. Under the oppression of the great powers, the Qing government sent three ministers of trade and commerce Chonghou to France to apologize, and Zhang Deyi accompanied him as an interpreter.
On November 16, 1870, after they sailed from Shanghai to France, they were in time for the Franco-Prussian War. The French government could not receive them, so they had to wait in Marseille. On March 15, 1871, Chonghou sent Zhang Deyi to Paris to inquire about the current situation. On March 17, Zhang Deyi arrived in Paris, just in time for the Parisian workers to hold an uprising on the 18th.
On 18 March, Zhang deyi recorded the events of a military conference held in Thiers and the dispatch of troops to attack the Position of the National Guard, such as Montmartre north of Paris, and the scene of government forces, inspired by popular forces, defecting and capturing High-ranking officials such as General Tyconte alive.
On March 19, Zhang Deyi recorded the scene of Thiers fleeing to Versailles after the Paris workers' uprising. In particular, he recorded the scene after the Paris Commune insurgents were captured, and they regarded death as a homecoming, which was deeply moving. On 20 March, Zhang Deyi rushed to Versailles to witness many of the rebels being escorted to Versailles. He recorded: "Among them were two rows of women, although their clothes and shoes were torn and their faces were dusty, and their majesty overflowed with eyebrows."
On June 3, Zhang deyi traveled from Versailles to Paris to witness the opposition hunting down and slaughtering the insurgents. In his diary on June 6, he wrote: "More than 1,800 rebels were taken to the execution ground, including more than a hundred women, although their arms were tied, and none of them were in a state of tranquility."
In addition, Zhang Deyi's diary from this period also described the scene of the Paris barricades: "At the mouth of the alley, there are often stones, loose earth, tables, wooden boxes, baskets stuffed with bits and pieces of debris to build a wall, and bullets cannot penetrate." His description of the scene in which soldiers "shot and killed captured Commune fighters blindfolded with black belts" was particularly thrilling.
As a Chinese, Zhang Deyi described the great feats of the Paris Commune uprising with objective pen and ink, and became a rare historical material and witness for orientals to record the Paris Commune.
The content of this article is published by the author of One Point and does not represent the position of Qilu One Point.
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