Author: Yamano
Statement: "Soldier said" original manuscript, plagiarism and washing manuscript must be investigated
Photo note: Ruins of the Catholic Church in Wanghailou, Tianjin. It was rebuilt in 1897 after 20 years of vacancy, and burned down for the second time in 1900 during the Gengzi Rebellion. It was rebuilt again in 1903 with gengzi reparations.
In June 1870, there was a disaster in Tianjin, known in history as the "Tianjin Teaching Case", and as the years passed, not many people knew.
In April and May of that year, there were many cases of sudden and mysterious disappearances of children in Tianjin within a few days, and orphans died of illness almost every day in the French Nursery, which was stationed in Tianjin at that time. For a while, people were panicked.
Rumors soon spread that Catholic nurses had killed the child for medicinal purposes.
As a result, the angry crowd killed more than 10 nuns, 2 priests, and several Frenchmen, and burned down the Catholic Church of Wanghailou and the Christian Church run by British and American missionaries.
Figure Note: After the incident, the persons involved were tried
After the incident, the Qing court was asked by the French side to launch an investigation.
The imperial court sent Zeng Guofan, the governor directly under him, to investigate and deal with it. After investigation, it was confirmed that the nursery did not harm the children, which was purely a hazard caused by rumors.
In order to apologize, after the Qing court compensated a huge amount of reparations, it arrested and executed 18 people led by organizing the attack on the Catholic Church, exiled more than 20 people, deposed the prefect of Tianjin Zhixian, and ordered them to be replenished.
Even so, France is still not good at giving up and repeatedly provoking trouble. There was no way, the Qing court had to send the Minister of Trade and Commerce Chonghou as an envoy to Paris, France, to personally apologize.
Note: Chonghou and Zhang Deyi (from left to right). Chonghou, minister of trade and commerce of three mouths, set up foreign affairs, after teaching the Tianjin case, served as ambassador plenipotentiary to France to apologize; Zhang Deyi, who went abroad 8 times, wrote "Sailing Narrative", which was his first introduction to the Chinese people such as steam engines, sewing machines, chocolates, etc.
On January 25, 1871, Chonghou arrived in Marseille, France, with his retinue and translator Zhang Deyi. Things did not go well, because it coincided with the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War, Napoleon III ordered the surrender, and the Second Empire collapsed with the surrender of the Emperor.
The Third Republic was soon established, but Prussia was not happy and continued to attack France.
Therefore, the French authorities naturally had no time to take care of Chonghou and Zhang Deyi's apology for the "Tianjin Teaching Case." Therefore, Chonghou and Zhang Deyi lived in France and stayed for nearly 1 year.
Photo note: Inaugural Assembly of the Paris Commune
Interestingly, they had been in Marseille for nearly 2 months and were so bored that they decided to go to Paris. On 27 March, they arrived in Paris, the day before the Revolt of the Paris Commune, because they both had the habit of keeping diaries, which led to a unique task, that is, they witnessed the whole process of the Revolt of the Paris Commune, and recorded in detail everything that happened in the two days in their diaries on the 28th and 29th, respectively.
Photo note: The rebel populace overthrew the Column of Vendôme.
Zhang Deyi has gone abroad 8 times, spent decades abroad, and wrote a diary of nearly 2 million words. The scene of the Revolt of the Paris Commune is recorded here. Zhang Deyi recorded in his diary that "the army fell to the revolution under the inspiration of the people's power and captured high-ranking officers such as General LeConte alive", "The Paris Commune declared an uprising, and the Versailles army attacked Paris", "The Paris Commune fighters held their positions and down the stone statue of Napoleon".
When the Paris Commune was suppressed, Zhang Deyi recorded "scenes of the opposition hunting down and slaughtering insurgents." He also recorded the heroic spirit of the commune members who were awe-inspiring in their righteousness and regarded death as a homecoming. As described: "There are women, although their clothes are ragged and dusty, and their majesty overflows with eyebrows" "There are smokers and singers, although they are captured, they are not worried." ”
The diary of reverence is called "The Diary of the Noble Messenger". The diary not only records all the scenes of the Uprising of the Paris Commune, but also fills in many historical gaps. Chonghou also attended the funeral held by the Versailles authorities for the former Archbishop of Paris, Dalbois, after his execution by the Paris Commune.
Some experts say that Zhang Deyi and Chonghou's diaries belong to the "unique book in the sea" and are rare historical materials and witnesses.
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