Kiwifruit belongs to the kiwi genus Kiwi in the family Kiwi. The genus has 54 species and 21 varieties, specifically soft jujube kiwifruit, Shaanxi kiwifruit, hard-toothed kiwifruit, pointed leaf kiwifruit, hairy leaf hard-toothed kiwifruit, Beijing pear kiwifruit, heterochromatic kiwifruit, Chengkou kiwifruit, Chinese kiwifruit, delicious kiwifruit, thorny kiwifruit, golden flower kiwi, pillar fruit kiwi, reticulated kiwifruit, hairy flower kiwifruit, pink-haired kiwifruit, clustered flower kiwifruit, round leaf kiwi, wedge leaf kiwi, strip leaf kiwi, yellow hair kiwi, thick leaf kiwi, rough hair kiwi, gray hair kiwi, Pink Leaf Kiwi, Large Flower Kiwi, Long-leaf Kiwi, Mengzi Kiwi, Whole Hair Kiwi, Hubei Kiwi, Zhongyue Kiwi, Oval Leaf Kiwi, Dog Date Kiwi, Slippery Leaf Kiwi, Small-leaf Kiwi, Broad-leaved Kiwi, Long-velvet Kiwi, Liangguang Kiwi, Lijiang Kiwi, Lingui Kiwi, Long-fruit Kiwi, Large Seed Kiwi, Plum Leaf Kiwi, Black Rui Kiwi, Hairless Kiwi, Beautiful Kiwi, Inverted Egg Leaf Kiwi, Peach Kiwi, Gongshan Kiwi, Kudzu Kiwi, Kudzu Kiwi, Meltwater Kiwi, Red-stemmed kiwi, leather-leaved kiwi, Zhaotong kiwi, rough-leaved kiwi, light-stemmed kiwi, mountain pear kiwi, red-haired kiwi, dense-flowered kiwi, qingfeng vine kiwi, flower catalpa kiwi, star-haired kiwi, benzoin kiwi, plug leaf kiwi, four-calyx kiwi, maorui kiwi, elm leaf kiwi, umbrella flower kiwi, fan leaf kiwi, calyx kiwi, xianmai kiwi, grape leaf kiwi, Zhejiang kiwi, white-backed leaf kiwi, Nepal kiwi.
Kiwi fruit
At present, the commercial varieties that are widely cultivated for the purpose of fresh food are Chinese kiwifruit and delicious kiwifruit, and soft jujube kiwifruit and woolly kiwifruit are also cultivated in small quantities. The relevant content of Chinese kiwifruit is described as follows:
First, natural distribution
Natural distribution map of Chinese kiwifruit
Chinese kiwifruit is widely distributed in the central, southeastern and southwestern provinces of Chinese mainland, and the most concentrated provinces are eastern Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, southwestern Zhejiang, Hubei, southern and western Anhui, Henan and Jiangsu.
Second, morphological characteristics
1. Stem
Stem of Chinese kiwifruit
Annual branches are grayish greenish brown, glabrous or sparsely covered with pink hairs, and are easy to fall off; the pores are large, sparse, round or oblong, pale yellowish brown; and the internodes are 3 to 6 cm long. The biennial branches are dark brown, glabrous, about 6 mm thick; the skin holes are pronounced, round or oblong, yellow-brown; and the stem is layered and green.
2. Leaves
Leaves of Chinese kiwifruit
Leaves are thick, papery, broad-oval, nearly circular, and occasionally broadly inverted ovate; leaves are 10 to 11 cm long and 11 to 14 cm wide, symmetrical on both sides, heart-shaped at the base, rounded, slightly blunt-pointed or shallowly concave; dark green, glabrous, no serrations at the base of the leaf, no serrations at the base of the leaf, no serrations at the mid-upper part, hairless primary and secondary veins, inconspicuous; gray-green on the back of the leaf, densely covered with white extreme hairs; petioles are light water-reddish green, covered without hair, about 8 to 9 cm long and about 3 mm thick.
3. Female flowers
Female flower of Chinese kiwifruit
Female flowers are mostly single flowers, occasionally or polygonal inflorescences, with flowers 2-3 flowers; the peduncle is about 3 to 4 cm long, green, densely covered with brown villi; calyx 5 to 6 pieces, sepals oval or oval, about 10 mm long, 7 mm wide, densely covered with brown villi; corolla diameter of about 4 cm, white, flowers become pale yellow after one day of bloom, petals 5 to 7 pieces; filament white to light green, about 155 pieces, about 8 mm long; anthers yellow, mostly arrow-shaped; flower pillar white, usually about 30 pieces, about 6 mm long, the stigma is slightly expanded The ovary is flattened and spherical, densely covered with white fur, and about 8 mm in diameter.
4. Male flowers
Male flower of kiwifruit
Most of them are umbel-shaped inflorescences, each inflorescence has 2 to 3 flowers, and the length of the stalk is about 3 .6cm; the calyx is 4 to 6 pieces, mostly 5 to 6 pieces; the flowers are white at the beginning of the flowering period, and the flowers become yellow after the flower; the diameter of the corolla is smaller than that of the female flowers, about 2.5 cm, and the petals are mostly 4 to 6; the filaments are different in length, and each flower is mostly 40 to 47 pieces; the anthers are yellow, the ovary is degraded, and it is densely covered with brown hairs.
The flower of the Chinese kiwi
5. Fruit
Fruit of The Chinese Kiwi
Mostly oval or ovate, the skin is dark green to brown, densely covered with brown fur, the fruit is easy to fall off after ripening, the fruit surface becomes smooth; the fruit stem is about 2.2 cm long, green or greenish brown, sparsely covered with light yellow fur; the fruit is about 4 cm long, about 3 cm in diameter, and the average fruit weight is about 22 g; the flesh is yellow or green, the fruit heart is small, round, white; the seed is oval, more, purple red; the fruit ripening period is usually in September, the taste is sweet and sour, juicy; the vitamin C content of each 100g fresh fruit is 50 to 420mg. The soluble solids content is 7%-19%, and the titratable acid content is 0.9%-2.2%; the species has many large-fruit-type plants, and the fruit weight can reach 50-100g.
At present, the main varieties of Chinese kiwifruit include golden peach, golden fruit, hongyang, Huayou, Jinyan, Cuiyu, early fresh (Ganmi No. 1), Kuimi (Ganmi No. 2), Jinfeng (Ganmi No. 3), Chuhong and other varieties.